tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-88675406529003066812024-03-16T02:20:59.331-07:00ALEXANDER NDERITU'S BLOGOfficial blog of Pan-Africanist writer and entertainer, Alexander Nderitu, author of 'When the Whirlwind Passes' and 'Kiss, Commander, Promise'. Contains articles, book excerpts, news, opinions, poems, quotable quotes, song lyrics, short stories and more...Alexander Nderituhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03967229184207192460noreply@blogger.comBlogger182125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8867540652900306681.post-31367211700357072192024-03-09T04:25:00.001-08:002024-03-09T04:25:48.645-08:00Reflections on the late Dr. Henry Chakava<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjorKmnJ9nb2BIZ0cZEJ4VVyE-uGrUoqpzHaH14GoHXk35-5_VdAVuF_SHip7Vch7kbaPMoE4fxP1TthSdjTOgG0IOH3Nwgtf3mk9izMlScA7aYEExF13043TcRQWFMsSx1fR_R9pk-o7Sbpr5GOLMITcMjkE7XL_FzExAKPqz17xpOgbL-YwpScBaqH7Q6" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
<img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjorKmnJ9nb2BIZ0cZEJ4VVyE-uGrUoqpzHaH14GoHXk35-5_VdAVuF_SHip7Vch7kbaPMoE4fxP1TthSdjTOgG0IOH3Nwgtf3mk9izMlScA7aYEExF13043TcRQWFMsSx1fR_R9pk-o7Sbpr5GOLMITcMjkE7XL_FzExAKPqz17xpOgbL-YwpScBaqH7Q6" width="400">
</a>
</div><div><br></div><div>A Mūgumo tree has fallen.</div><div><br></div><div>Not in Kikuyuland, this time, but in Africa's literary landscape. A written statement from Mr. Kiarie Kamau, Managing Director and CEO of East African Educational Publishers, has this morning confirmed the passing of Dr. Henry Chakava, at the age of 77. </div><div><br></div><div>Dr. Chakava was the founder and chairman of EAEP and also the chairman of the Global Book Alliance. Mr. Kiarie's statement describes the deceased as 'the father of book publishing in Africa'. It goes on to say:</div><div><br></div><div>'He is associated with publishing of iconic literary luminaries in Africa such as: Ngugi wa Thiong'o, Grace Ogot, Francis Imbuga, John Kiriamiti, Meja Mwangi, Marjorie Oludhe Macgoye (all from Kenya), Chinua Achebe, Cyprian Ekwensi (Nigeria), Taban Lo Liyong (South Sudan), Okot p'Bitek, John Ruganda (Uganda), David Rubadiri (Malawi), Peter Abrahams (South Africa), among many others.'</div><div><br></div><div>I had the honour of meeting Dr. Chakava a few times, all pre-COVID era. If I'm not wrong, the first we met was during a Worldreader-organized publishers' event. He knew who I was (most probably from my literary criticism document, 'Changing the Literary Map of Kenya' which had been widely circulated via email). He gave me his EAEP business card and invited me to visit him in his office some time. Since he gave no agenda or particular date for the meeting, I was left rather perplexed by the publishing giant. I felt I shouldn't visit without a substantial work-in-progress that I could pitch. (After all, this was the guy that published Kenya's most iconic novel, Kiriamiti's 'My Life in Crime')! Meanwhile, I hadn't written a novel manuscript since 2001's 'When the Whirlwind Passes'. Still haven't. I had transitioned into more of criticism as well as poetry, plays and short stories. So our office meeting never happened.</div><div><br></div><div>We did meet again over the years, most recently in 2019, at the African Union/ADEA - Association for the Development of Education in Africa ‘High-Level Regional Workshop on National Book and Reading Policies in Africa’. (<a href="http://alexandernderitu.blogspot.com/2019/08/au-and-adea-launch-continental.html">http://alexandernderitu.blogspot.com/2019/08/au-and-adea-launch-continental.html</a>) We were cordial to each other. He was like our industry dad. Everyone respected him. He was a big guy, physically, and spoke with a quiet authority. Never in a rush. He reminded me of the mysterious and powerful character code-named 'Sunday' in G. K. Chesterton's classic novel 'The Man Who Was Thursday'. The photo below, of Dr. Chakava and I during a brainstorming session, was taken at that summit. </div><div><br></div><div>Dr. Chakava and I always got along. We even agreed on the importance of promoting indigenous languages as they are essential to our culture/heritage. (Speaking at the summit, Mr Kiarie Kamau, had said that EAEP had just published texts in six local languages: Kikuyu, Kamba, Maragoli, Dholuo, Giriama, and Ekegusii.) Dr. Chakava remarked: 'We cannot create a reading culture without bookstores and libraries.' On the challenges facing indigenous publishing, Mr Chakava said that countries such as 'Denmark, Finland and Sweden have small populations but thriving publishing industries. Why not African nations, some of which have tribes larger than the aforementioned national populations?' The issue was how to make vernacular publishing profitable/sustainable. Relying on donors was frowned upon in our brainstorming/discussion sessions. Dr. Chakava opined that the main reason many writing/publishing associations had folded was 'heavy reliance' on (foreign) donor funding. 'Once the funds dry up, so do the organizations,' he said. He also said that some literary association founders were not serious about the promotion of literature/writers, they were merely promoting themselves (What we now call 'clout chasing'.) He mentioned a lady he knew who was 'being invited all over the world' as the founder/CEO of a children's literature association in Nairobi. However, she was the only member of that association, had no programmes/events, and everything related to her NGO could have fitted in a handbag. (He was dead serious when he told as that story, I would have been laughing like a hyena that has spotted a carcass.)</div><div><br></div><div>This is not really a tribute. These are just some reflections on my encounters of this great man of letters. I am going through our photos and emails as we speak. Publishers like John Mwazemba will probably have better anecdotes. Veteran journos like Tony Mochama can certainly pen more insightful articles. </div><div><br></div><div>Me, I am just glad I got to meet the man. The man who boldly published Ngugi wa Thiong'o's 'Matigari' and was physically assaulted by state agents for it. The man who agreed to publish Kiriamiti's semi-autobiographical thriller 'My Life in Crime' which was written on tissue paper in Kamiti Maximum Security Prison.</div><div><br></div><div>I hope my seniors in the publishing world will honour his legacy in some way. Since I will be launching my own literary awards this year, I cannot commit much in terms of resources to towards this but I can contribute ideas. Since Dr. Chakava was a publisher, how about an annual Henry Chakava Editor-of-the-Year Award? (I have said countless times that editors are the shadow heroes of literature.) Or an annual Henry Chakava Public Lecture hosted/organized by the Literature Department of one of our major universities? How about a Dr. Henry Chakava Cultural Foundation that enables important indigenous-language books to be published/translated? How about a special tribute session during this year's Nairobi International Book Fair, with panelists from across the continent describing the manner in which ustadh Chakava impacted their publishing/literary scene?</div><div><br></div><div>Rest in peace, great man. And since you were a cultural icon, I bid you goodbye in the sacred manner of my people:</div><div><br></div><div>Thai, Thathaiya Ngai Thai! Thai, Thathaiya Ngai Thai!</div>Alexander Nderituhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03967229184207192460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8867540652900306681.post-26909258983352625842024-02-05T01:02:00.000-08:002024-02-05T04:05:29.474-08:00BEREAVED AUTHOR SCOOPS INTERNATIONAL WRITING PRIZE<p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZz5R50FoQWkW7GNR6KY3l-f0EEiNliOzB9Bm8VN11gDvENZKsA9xYOAQq6aBpXAxpBM_dcqnHzSgVLzT92b_QQterlNVJRRBTO8WxnhJzA4U8Z0EhyphenhyphenjbhX-5-x5RblVExV21BsMnLhfDYIJ6HhxNF131z-dAJy93QUmHbcApSi8ot0iKCEegue_Dm2NiY/s1600/IMG-20230825-WA0043.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZz5R50FoQWkW7GNR6KY3l-f0EEiNliOzB9Bm8VN11gDvENZKsA9xYOAQq6aBpXAxpBM_dcqnHzSgVLzT92b_QQterlNVJRRBTO8WxnhJzA4U8Z0EhyphenhyphenjbhX-5-x5RblVExV21BsMnLhfDYIJ6HhxNF131z-dAJy93QUmHbcApSi8ot0iKCEegue_Dm2NiY/s320/IMG-20230825-WA0043.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Alexander Nderitu during a studio interview</i><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0cm;
mso-para-margin-right:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0cm;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Author Alexander
Nderitu was the only African writer on last year’s Sahitto International Awards
of Literature list of winners. The annual literary awards are organized by </span><a href="https://web.facebook.com/Author.Tareq.Samin"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Tareq Samin</span></a><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">; a writer, social entrepreneur and human rights activist from
Bangladesh. The 2023 winners are:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘Grand Jury Award’ Category:</span></b></p>
<ul style="text-align: left;"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Agron Shele
(Albania/Belgium)</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Vesna
Mundishevska-Veljanovska (North Macedonia)</span></li></ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">‘Excellence in Literature’ Category:</span></b></p>
<ul style="text-align: left;"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Shurouk Hammoud
(Syria/Sweden) </span></li><li><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Mariela Cordero
(Venezuela)</span></li><li>
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Daniela Andonovoska
(North Macedonia)</span></li><li>
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Ali Al Hasmi
(Kingdom of Saudi Arabia)</span></li></ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">‘Jury Award’ Category:</span></b></p>
<ul style="text-align: left;"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Alexander Nderitu
(Kenya)</span></li><li><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Rania Angelakoudi
(Sweden)</span></li><li><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Fernando Carbrera
(Dominican Republic)</span></li><li><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Surya Keerthy
(India)</span></li><li>
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Sushant Thapa
(Nepal)</span></li><li>
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Taghrid Bou Merhi
(Lebanon)</span></li><li>
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Yang Jijun (China)</span></li><li>
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Anna Maria
Dall’Olio (Italy)</span></li><li><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Armenuhi Sisyan
(Armenia)</span></li></ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">‘Special Jury Recolonization Award’</span></b></p>
<ul style="text-align: left;"><li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Anna Yovka
(Ukraine)</span></li><li>
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Liang Ling (China)</span></li><li>
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Pedro Licona
(Colombia)</span></li></ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Alexander Nderitu, who lost his mother to
cancer in October 2023, is a </span>poet, novelist, playwright, and critic. His
first book, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">When the Whirlwind Passes</i>,
was Africa’s pioneering digital novel. In 2017, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Business Daily</i> newspaper named him one of Kenya’s ‘Top 40 Under 40
Men’. In 2022, he took third place in the <a href="https://www.bshdngo.org/?p=1282">Share Africa Climate Fiction Awards</a>.
In 2023, he was shortlisted for an <a href="https://sevhage.wordpress.com/2023/10/26/sevhageprizes2023longlist/">E.
E. Sule/SEVHAGE Books African Criticism Award</a>. </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"></span></p>
Alexander Nderituhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03967229184207192460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8867540652900306681.post-68386606484077231292023-06-20T08:51:00.000-07:002023-06-20T08:51:34.710-07:00SHOULD PUBLISHERS EMBRACE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE?<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEil4mpMRpQZvF3U_W-zIq-Y1ekq3YoEpQobpnDnHFmmMXBFNLW_NG2SsxtqxY9RXgUHlvR5Nq57wAGTTKn7fm73h2u4x2hhWiKIOHtcbz_BYyZPQnVSF5hDanhSX3evmj_Y5qe5VMmgfA9UaaVaC7MXHxQjJIkVixUwr2y501q5XOmkt9vIQBtmOtLkAS0U" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
<img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEil4mpMRpQZvF3U_W-zIq-Y1ekq3YoEpQobpnDnHFmmMXBFNLW_NG2SsxtqxY9RXgUHlvR5Nq57wAGTTKn7fm73h2u4x2hhWiKIOHtcbz_BYyZPQnVSF5hDanhSX3evmj_Y5qe5VMmgfA9UaaVaC7MXHxQjJIkVixUwr2y501q5XOmkt9vIQBtmOtLkAS0U" width="400">
</a>
</div><div><br></div><div>I feel rather bad for my graphic designer. He used to charge me about Kshs 10k - 12k (USD$ 71.00 - 85.00) for the central image of a book's cover art, and take about a week - two if there were revisions. I now use Artificial Intelligence. It costs me Kshs 0.00 and just a couple of minutes (to key in the "prompts" ie. instructions.)</div><div><br></div><div>For now, there's no cause for writers to panic. AI is unlikely to take away THEIR jobs anytime soon. This year, the US film/and TV industry was brought to its knees - yet again - by a strike organized by Writers' Guild of America. Virtually all late-night talk shows temporarily ceased production. The 76th Tony Awards could not be televised. AI can't write original shows, or jokes. It can't actually write literature, either, but it can re-write stuff and imitate styles with remarkable speed and accuracy. It has no soul; no emotions, sense of humour, no storytelling gift.</div><div><br></div><div>It can't really replace visual artists entirely, especially for extended projects like comic books or story boards. But for one-off pieces like portraits, posters, book/album covers, 'photos', 'paintings', illustrations etc, it's magical. It can take your breath away!</div><div><br></div><div>Frankfurter Buchmesse and Gould Finch carried out research on the nexus between publishing and AI and e-published the results in a paper titled “The Future Impact of Artificial Intelligence on The Publishing Industry” (https://www.stateofdigitalpublishing.com/digital-platform-tools/ai-in-publishing-industry/). The key findings were as follows:</div><div><br></div><div>"Artificial Intelligence is not going to replace writers, but it is able to strengthen core-business. While there is technology available to mimic tone and craft plausible </div><div>prose, the narrative arc and a best-seller’s make-up have yet to be reduced to an algorithm. The technology available offers publishers access to an array of new mediums and processes to strengthen areas such marketing and analytics, as well as production and administration.</div><div><br></div><div>Investing in Artificial Intelligence doesn’t mean fewer jobs for humans. On the contrary, businesses currently implementing AI, including The Washington Post and Axel Springer as well as smaller publishing houses, have witnessed positive effects on readership statistics and sales, but also better job stability for journalists and writers.</div><div><br></div><div>Minimal investments can still bring in monetary benefits."</div><div><br></div><div>The conclusion of the research is that:</div><div><br></div><div>"AI and its future development offer promising opportunities for the publishing industry. Publishing is a people’s business and our study shows that the technology will not replace human interactions within the industry but offer various improvements in the value chain. Writers will discover new tools with which to expresstheir creativity, marketing creatives will discover new tools to craft personalized campaigns for a wider audience, and customers will be thrilled by new experiences."</div><div><br></div><div>I think my AI-aided book covers (an addiction I am now spreading to my writer friends like a common cold) is adequate proof the the above-mentioned paper's conclusion.</div><div><br></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjpSGMe-Kfx4k30wBjE2PMG04fOQFpaA53n3ItKn_gIKZ3i2c3Lrt7IK0UqtdWxbhly3Lx7v4t-MEeRgsypeCLyd9Q-AhuFbiGHalaeMDtWOBkCzzdwEw-vvaoJs6wPZ174kd-S8ghaUKZMUZz7Ex0l-4WvyW_wfM6MeybR86cNm2pf0YmptQZULNQFa_pS" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
<img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjpSGMe-Kfx4k30wBjE2PMG04fOQFpaA53n3ItKn_gIKZ3i2c3Lrt7IK0UqtdWxbhly3Lx7v4t-MEeRgsypeCLyd9Q-AhuFbiGHalaeMDtWOBkCzzdwEw-vvaoJs6wPZ174kd-S8ghaUKZMUZz7Ex0l-4WvyW_wfM6MeybR86cNm2pf0YmptQZULNQFa_pS" width="400">
</a>
</div><br></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjxBkcbZd1FjGyZ7VrKDKqUkEsmM4_FBYR0uxI7NkaMAkzOEAniwnvbXjMH4hbDlMnJ4bU0LhAdI3I8s_2ZjQ8CQbF4teS5u-rjQDmcE3ljO2gBSKQn94G3zvYg1WSeXrjKnwqfWaX9cEgviiRCwvHwOhlL2w8ZxqP3wD9aiJPr9BSqKIWWLp4geVjB4UMg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
<img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjxBkcbZd1FjGyZ7VrKDKqUkEsmM4_FBYR0uxI7NkaMAkzOEAniwnvbXjMH4hbDlMnJ4bU0LhAdI3I8s_2ZjQ8CQbF4teS5u-rjQDmcE3ljO2gBSKQn94G3zvYg1WSeXrjKnwqfWaX9cEgviiRCwvHwOhlL2w8ZxqP3wD9aiJPr9BSqKIWWLp4geVjB4UMg" width="400">
</a>
</div><br></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjI5VN3xPrEt6-ZWkrFdqJXNzXr6yZMDYotzuzupD5wZ79MQoocDcpr36G_bs2TK1m9tZHuQnGOSIP9V5-ROz-W9wfRyCGUg8kICQlh73A1ZJfqeXlMbLjIL0USlJiQebhXz4EjfLBNT8EhdbvFxPICHvWe93sNV4hUhYB0hluRsWNhWHnNhqSPu5hDw4PY" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
<img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjI5VN3xPrEt6-ZWkrFdqJXNzXr6yZMDYotzuzupD5wZ79MQoocDcpr36G_bs2TK1m9tZHuQnGOSIP9V5-ROz-W9wfRyCGUg8kICQlh73A1ZJfqeXlMbLjIL0USlJiQebhXz4EjfLBNT8EhdbvFxPICHvWe93sNV4hUhYB0hluRsWNhWHnNhqSPu5hDw4PY" width="400">
</a>
</div><br></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhG3jw2UjBxKn5YZRYLu7aJC_sGA0FzxMq6ZQ8HyTqTW0uCgsbmArLnG6FE2lozhLjd5sU9ANJBE1HsasIRvK38VHwSbg6QgfN8THOqsZpI_bTKPsGnuyt694TOVh03cKkoyx7Kq4MnH1pR7uiiY6gpR95iEOv9crHxlvulYJKGCNFCl33sdnwQsNF8_vQS" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
<img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhG3jw2UjBxKn5YZRYLu7aJC_sGA0FzxMq6ZQ8HyTqTW0uCgsbmArLnG6FE2lozhLjd5sU9ANJBE1HsasIRvK38VHwSbg6QgfN8THOqsZpI_bTKPsGnuyt694TOVh03cKkoyx7Kq4MnH1pR7uiiY6gpR95iEOv9crHxlvulYJKGCNFCl33sdnwQsNF8_vQS" width="400">
</a>
</div><br></div><div><i>Above: Book covers designed with the help of Artificial Intelligence.</i></div><div><br></div>Alexander Nderituhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03967229184207192460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8867540652900306681.post-33918147361367390142023-04-27T00:10:00.001-07:002023-04-27T00:10:49.421-07:00THE ALEXANDER NDERITU PRIZE FOR WORLD LITERATURE<div>As announced on World Book & Copyright Day 2023, the newest star in the galaxy of literary awards is the Alexander Nderitu Prize For World Literature.<br></div><div><br></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh_-kV14IIxHZ06wqomH0PAfKQXC6fgbvI4y3z-sWdYmzpVwbFGDJtstBkRZG1DW5qaMNHYhGcSb9sALCLHO8zWV0ONc8KyQMakTc-MuxhRN3GqAJzw6c6U3uX3aQJ9WkEkuhodajVKeEP2RlSH6Rvpg_GdqRo16C4_ofdCLOsvZdymrsHrAxvaJc3nOg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
<img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh_-kV14IIxHZ06wqomH0PAfKQXC6fgbvI4y3z-sWdYmzpVwbFGDJtstBkRZG1DW5qaMNHYhGcSb9sALCLHO8zWV0ONc8KyQMakTc-MuxhRN3GqAJzw6c6U3uX3aQJ9WkEkuhodajVKeEP2RlSH6Rvpg_GdqRo16C4_ofdCLOsvZdymrsHrAxvaJc3nOg" width="400">
</a>
</div><br></div><div>ABOUT </div><div>The Prize will be awarded once per year for a single work of literary merit in the genres that the Founder writes in, ie:</div><div><br></div><div>- Novels</div><div>- Short stories</div><div>- Poetry</div><div>- Stage Plays</div><div><br></div><div>Entries may come from any part of the world and may have originally been published in any language. It is the Prize’s mission ‘to launch new literary stars’. For this reason, the Prize will include a one-year promotional package for the winner.</div><div><br></div><div>JUDGING</div><div>The Longlists, Shortlists and eventual Winners will be decided by a panel of Judges chaired by the Founder. The Judges may be of any nationality. The entries will be judged equally, regardless of the nominees' nationality, age, race, gender, religion, or other non-literary factors.</div><div><br></div><div>FOUNDER</div><div>Alexander Nderitu is an award-winning writer and critic. Some of his works have been translated into Arabic, Japanese, Chinese, Kiswahili, French, Swedish, Dholuo, Gikũyũ, and Czech.</div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgSj-ehZ7hmQGqShOf8An4tj9HcQh0ku9yIkh_0Bg0M_6eRtgYg0Nl1X8tCMYqqW8cCqda4a4SHXpCxj5xSCkZlLtNWWfpr9aycHZvTTXxbxomoU7mdAnVEsQav05ueSOsZYxfp44jHrvrLZPTKhuV-t78VByzExWhaFxTa9n5O0M4A2eq4VpLSY1z-sw" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
<img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgSj-ehZ7hmQGqShOf8An4tj9HcQh0ku9yIkh_0Bg0M_6eRtgYg0Nl1X8tCMYqqW8cCqda4a4SHXpCxj5xSCkZlLtNWWfpr9aycHZvTTXxbxomoU7mdAnVEsQav05ueSOsZYxfp44jHrvrLZPTKhuV-t78VByzExWhaFxTa9n5O0M4A2eq4VpLSY1z-sw" width="400">
</a>
</div><br></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgK_o9uJG7-S4LDQ8tVJY2WbvwnvzZq18pv3xe9MM52PsOuXqFw3yz8zlF26DQ2mTOnKFnxTncWbV5JAVKKBDklOYj7dntV_38kKcUzWw2L17NTzDXjc9Vsh5zojlIy9_CmVFnw0IefX--D5y4-dcOipE1Gj5ZXaICk2hyALwBOYDBcQqFYJG5zpta4sA" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
<img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgK_o9uJG7-S4LDQ8tVJY2WbvwnvzZq18pv3xe9MM52PsOuXqFw3yz8zlF26DQ2mTOnKFnxTncWbV5JAVKKBDklOYj7dntV_38kKcUzWw2L17NTzDXjc9Vsh5zojlIy9_CmVFnw0IefX--D5y4-dcOipE1Gj5ZXaICk2hyALwBOYDBcQqFYJG5zpta4sA" width="400">
</a>
</div><br></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhKUT_J4XEpS8_iLtLJ9-w1VJ1ncl83LpdIy4-GYEwotIMhIG4iB3Z7mvk4LYHOv0Js5zjXBXwdMtfj2bhIww1q-ssSo-Kh31wAI8MW1_-w7TjVCCSpwOfNm1ukOqtlEfzToxCxXRleQweK4hfq4SMrsbT849TSVyIREmb2_IYrLvekMfq_kAfqut--wg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
<img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhKUT_J4XEpS8_iLtLJ9-w1VJ1ncl83LpdIy4-GYEwotIMhIG4iB3Z7mvk4LYHOv0Js5zjXBXwdMtfj2bhIww1q-ssSo-Kh31wAI8MW1_-w7TjVCCSpwOfNm1ukOqtlEfzToxCxXRleQweK4hfq4SMrsbT849TSVyIREmb2_IYrLvekMfq_kAfqut--wg" width="400">
</a>
</div><br></div><div>PARTNERSHIP</div><div>The Prize will begin handing out awards in 2024. In the meantime, the Prize welcomes partners from all over the globe. Areas of partnership may include sponsorship, cross-promotion, judging, publishing, media, and technology. Partners may be individuals, companies, NGOs, academic institutions, government departments, lit mags, or organizers of literary events such as book fairs and literary festivals.</div><div><br></div><div> ###</div><div><br></div><div>For more information, email: admin(at)alexandernderitu.com</div><div><br></div><div> </div>Alexander Nderituhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03967229184207192460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8867540652900306681.post-1720947837150277872023-02-23T02:32:00.000-08:002023-02-23T02:32:09.899-08:00An Office-based Stage Play by Alexander Nderitu<p>TITLE: "YUPPIES!"<span class="x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u x1yc453h" dir="auto"></span></p><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><span><a tabindex="-1"></a></span>AUTHOR (S): ALEXANDER NDERITU</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">CATEGORY: STAGE PLAY (COMEDY)</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">FORMAT(S): PAPERBACK AND AMAZON KINDLE</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">AVAILABILITY: WORLDWIDE VIA AMAZON: <span><a class="x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x6umtig x1b1mbwd xaqea5y xav7gou x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 xe8uvvx xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz xt0b8zv x1fey0fg" href="https://www.amazon.com/Yuppies-stage-play-Alexander-Nderitu-ebook/dp/B0BTTSFM9K?fbclid=IwAR1zWGkYCjahDGTzGo1qKJVHNbn8d5qnZRTKPu9X_k3vr1pw8FGVlvwSJBQ" rel="nofollow noopener" role="link" tabindex="0" target="_blank">https://www.amazon.com/Yuppies-stage-play.../dp/B0BTTSFM9K</a></span></div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">PRICE: USD$ 12.00 (PRINT), USD$ 8.00 (KINDLE)</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnGp0huPNNeqvrdFmOaVW8LDZr__woEhmGzQTnx0m8UK6jl2Fl12y2QqbkoM2Zx6Vdi1XkwqZyk5ifiK4GAOrCQY_8yaQz2p3o-g-52ii9Enq1ToO2MwZcymkqztGNZQBgnrLt-7-R-geT8Q9KGsjVlkegWZX3P_KaLTE4biq09OwHSv6VXr-MZasLpg/s737/Amazon%20-%20Yuppies%20Kindle%20cover.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="737" data-original-width="661" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnGp0huPNNeqvrdFmOaVW8LDZr__woEhmGzQTnx0m8UK6jl2Fl12y2QqbkoM2Zx6Vdi1XkwqZyk5ifiK4GAOrCQY_8yaQz2p3o-g-52ii9Enq1ToO2MwZcymkqztGNZQBgnrLt-7-R-geT8Q9KGsjVlkegWZX3P_KaLTE4biq09OwHSv6VXr-MZasLpg/s320/Amazon%20-%20Yuppies%20Kindle%20cover.jpg" width="287" /></a></div> </div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">DESCRIPTION </div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">In the world of finance and investments, Chris – a thirtyish Kenyan businessman - is ‘a giant among insects’. But when it comes to matters of the heart, he’s a dunderhead. The surprise engagement of two of his employees precipitates an encounter with his ‘divalicious’ ex-wife, Yolanda, and sets the stage for scenes that are by turns comic and tender!</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">Written by a guy who was born on William Shakespeare’s birthday, the smart money is on this play becoming a hit!</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">'Popularly known as Kenya's Shakespeare, Alexander is arguably Kenya's most prolific e-poet, playwright and novelist. Surprisingly, he shares the April 23rd birthday - also World Book and Copyright Day - with the legendary English writer William Shakespeare.' - Business Daily, 'Top 40 Under 40 Men' edition (2017)</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">PRODUCT DETAILS</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> ASIN : B0BTTSFM9K</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> Publisher : Alex N. Nderitu; 1st edition (February 2, 2023)</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> Publication date : February 2, 2023</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> Language : English</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> Print length : 120 pages</div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><span><a class="x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x6umtig x1b1mbwd xaqea5y xav7gou x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 xe8uvvx xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz xt0b8zv x1qq9wsj xo1l8bm" href="https://www.facebook.com/hashtag/theyearofthewriter?__eep__=6&__cft__[0]=AZVxdAMzd1NXK-pgNlN8grV4H1cdIoAb6ubSGDxdUnR2tt2H7Nqu_ypQJWFC6X3kJ1Df9wwaHcTqpqhGuOQZl9rdn8wMFw1qjOouihULPzAgjxI8f-7TcmzR2PuUpmBHEp0HFAdFb42z8qT6Y58mbcr2qHLl9sLAbckPz8aBtk-JUVUl_75Jr1Uh590wbLkAOJg&__tn__=*NK-R" role="link" tabindex="0">#TheYearofTheWriter</a></span> <span><a class="x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x6umtig x1b1mbwd xaqea5y xav7gou x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 xe8uvvx xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz xt0b8zv x1qq9wsj xo1l8bm" href="https://www.facebook.com/hashtag/alexandernderitu?__eep__=6&__cft__[0]=AZVxdAMzd1NXK-pgNlN8grV4H1cdIoAb6ubSGDxdUnR2tt2H7Nqu_ypQJWFC6X3kJ1Df9wwaHcTqpqhGuOQZl9rdn8wMFw1qjOouihULPzAgjxI8f-7TcmzR2PuUpmBHEp0HFAdFb42z8qT6Y58mbcr2qHLl9sLAbckPz8aBtk-JUVUl_75Jr1Uh590wbLkAOJg&__tn__=*NK-R" role="link" tabindex="0">#AlexanderNderitu</a></span></div></div><p></p>Alexander Nderituhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03967229184207192460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8867540652900306681.post-39144508541979492532023-02-23T02:17:00.004-08:002023-02-23T02:17:27.070-08:00Alexander Nderitu's New Comic Play<div class="" dir="auto"><div class="x1iorvi4 x1pi30zi x1swvt13 x1l90r2v" data-ad-comet-preview="message" data-ad-preview="message" id="jsc_c_aa"><div class="x78zum5 xdt5ytf xz62fqu x16ldp7u"><div class="xu06os2 x1ok221b"><span class="x193iq5w xeuugli x13faqbe x1vvkbs x1xmvt09 x1lliihq x1s928wv xhkezso x1gmr53x x1cpjm7i x1fgarty x1943h6x xudqn12 x3x7a5m x6prxxf xvq8zen xo1l8bm xzsf02u x1yc453h" dir="auto"><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xdj266r x126k92a"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">NEW BOOK ALERT!</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">BOOK 2/10 FOR 2023</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">TITLE: "WHAT'S WRONG WITH THIS PICTURE?"</div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><span><a tabindex="-1"></a></span>AUTHOR (S): ALEXANDER NDERITU</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">CATEGORY: STAGE PLAY (COMEDY)</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">FORMAT(S): PAPERBACK AND AMAZON KINDLE</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">AVAILABILITY: WORLDWIDE VIA AMAZON: <span><a class="x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x6umtig x1b1mbwd xaqea5y xav7gou x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 xe8uvvx xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz xt0b8zv x1fey0fg" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0BW384MCB?fbclid=IwAR2W2ZRChsQV1iASpPdCkkDJxm2D_VRkx25axQ39fFT4YkqGU9r3G0O26U0" rel="nofollow noopener" role="link" tabindex="0" target="_blank">https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0BW384MCB</a></span></div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">PRICE: USD$ 10.00 (PRINT), USD$ 9.99 (KINDLE)</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2AKSHzX1P7pkuGan3FXyuupGCHySJ_8BXphT7UpFe6Eu5eEGaMUs8y6VFN-tzXlXeZ1RSci1vbdcNX-FQN0VpnZNFxYr54yqRA8P_jc5ieqrZ7sB7NWiSCm6WrYB1oHtgTY-5MDdXUl3mmVHoX5Bp5U3Nv8BQ_g0A674qaarAp1UCYlqTiWkWNrcdgw/s3508/Whats%20Wrong%20with%20this%20picture%20-%20Amazon%20cover.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3508" data-original-width="2441" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2AKSHzX1P7pkuGan3FXyuupGCHySJ_8BXphT7UpFe6Eu5eEGaMUs8y6VFN-tzXlXeZ1RSci1vbdcNX-FQN0VpnZNFxYr54yqRA8P_jc5ieqrZ7sB7NWiSCm6WrYB1oHtgTY-5MDdXUl3mmVHoX5Bp5U3Nv8BQ_g0A674qaarAp1UCYlqTiWkWNrcdgw/s320/Whats%20Wrong%20with%20this%20picture%20-%20Amazon%20cover.jpg" width="223" /></a></div><br /></div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">DESCRIPTION </div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">Meet Jack Lloyd, a British-born film director teetering on the brink of a personal crisis. His flashy wife is dating a younger man, his teenage daughter has puberty issues, and his latter films are as unpopular as second-hand underwear. At all events, Lloyd’s life is ‘flying apart at the seams’.</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">But this is a comedy and we're in Tinseltown so put on your happy face and prepare to meet Lloyd’s wild bunch of workmates as well: philandering French film producer Jean-Pierre Paquito, heart-throb Ronnie Hunk, weepy Production Assistant Anne, and a cast of cranky actors.</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">Written in the best tradition of humourist S. J. Perelman, 'What’s Wrong With This Picture?' shows why there is no business like show business.</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"> </div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">PRODUCT DETAILS </div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">ASIN : B0BW384MCB</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">Publisher : Independently published (February 21, 2023)</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">Language : English</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">Paperback : 140 pages</div><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;">ISBN-13 : 979-8378246953 </div></div><div class="x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r x1vvkbs xtlvy1s x126k92a"><div dir="auto" style="text-align: start;"><span><a class="x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x6umtig x1b1mbwd xaqea5y xav7gou x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 xe8uvvx xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz xt0b8zv x1qq9wsj xo1l8bm" href="https://www.facebook.com/hashtag/theyearoftheafricanwriter?__eep__=6&__cft__[0]=AZVzTApKi_8QHXIDCigQo58jg2TODwWUQixCBu-L1vOJgEGzKZ6WiAnF8-ugUbQqZwxUnxVx1leJC_Ena_HGH4npwzEdX66SpOQIw_T6g3uuY0XNR5R5CbHqXdhF3fY0lco&__tn__=*NK-R" role="link" tabindex="0">#TheYearofTheAfricanWriter</a></span> <span><a class="x1i10hfl xjbqb8w x6umtig x1b1mbwd xaqea5y xav7gou x9f619 x1ypdohk xt0psk2 xe8uvvx xdj266r x11i5rnm xat24cr x1mh8g0r xexx8yu x4uap5 x18d9i69 xkhd6sd x16tdsg8 x1hl2dhg xggy1nq x1a2a7pz xt0b8zv x1qq9wsj xo1l8bm" href="https://www.facebook.com/hashtag/writingwhileblack?__eep__=6&__cft__[0]=AZVzTApKi_8QHXIDCigQo58jg2TODwWUQixCBu-L1vOJgEGzKZ6WiAnF8-ugUbQqZwxUnxVx1leJC_Ena_HGH4npwzEdX66SpOQIw_T6g3uuY0XNR5R5CbHqXdhF3fY0lco&__tn__=*NK-R" role="link" tabindex="0">#WritingWhileBlack</a></span></div></div></span></div></div></div></div>Alexander Nderituhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03967229184207192460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8867540652900306681.post-67067974000442719552022-11-15T01:08:00.002-08:002022-11-15T01:08:40.944-08:00JOHN SIBI-OKUMU’S ‘COLLECTED PLAYS’ – A REVIEW<!--[if !mso]>
<style>
v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
.shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
</style>
<![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves>false</w:TrackMoves>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-align:center;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<p class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjugJXc2SlF-y1qVoULYqn2g4Wxrk7ORMWqR2Hggsg2mAYq_IA7D7eGuNS7M7S0O9X8eIaw_Mtt4mtFAlwJEnLQxy_KO6WnOdjfSHLukWWq-_mGCuaYTu-RtXIDPsgA7tB3N7w3AwQdXLi6KSPn7Csjgk-gXSurHEiJmSo77ma4F_IIqJyXNZptqVptSA/s461/image001.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="308" data-original-width="461" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjugJXc2SlF-y1qVoULYqn2g4Wxrk7ORMWqR2Hggsg2mAYq_IA7D7eGuNS7M7S0O9X8eIaw_Mtt4mtFAlwJEnLQxy_KO6WnOdjfSHLukWWq-_mGCuaYTu-RtXIDPsgA7tB3N7w3AwQdXLi6KSPn7Csjgk-gXSurHEiJmSo77ma4F_IIqJyXNZptqVptSA/s16000/image001.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><p class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">John Sibi-Okumu (left) received a
Lifetime Achievement Award at the inaugural Kenya Theatre Awards</span></i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> (Photo: KTA media)</span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></p><p class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Collected Plays
(2004-2014)</span></i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> is a
compilation of six original plays (or ‘books’, as they’re known in the West) by
veteran actor/director/playwright John Sibi-Okumu. There’s a foreword by
novelist Ngugi wa Thiong’o, an introduction by theatre reviewer Margaretta Wa
Gacheru, and an afterword by constitutional affairs expert Prof. Yash Pal Ghai.
Scripted over a decade and covering a wide range of themes, the works ‘stand
alone’ and can be read in any order. I personally started with<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> Kaggia</i>, because it’s the best-known
one. I approached the work in a two-pronged manner: from a literary point of
view, and from a stage performance point of view (imagining how the pieces
would play out on a stage). The plays are not in the Standard Stage Play format
but are quite ‘readable’. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">THE PLAYS</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> As Shakespeare once wrote, ‘The play is the thing’. So let’s
get right to the heart of the matter…</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">‘Kaggia’</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">This is a biographical story of one of Kenya’s national
heroes – Bildad Kaggia. He was one of the notorious ‘Kapenguria Six’ British
colonial-era prisoners, which included future Kenyan president Jomo Kenyatta. Kaggia’s
story is unique in that he appeared to shun the limelight and died unsung and,
some might say, destitute. In this piece, the playwright attempts to give the
audience a closer look at Kaggia, the man, so that we may better understand his
sacrifices and life choices. He does this, rather shrewdly, by introducing two
characters – Stacey and Xan – who are making a movie about the leftist
political leader. Through their conversations and planning, we get to learn the
highlights of Kaggia’s life - from circa 1921 to his death in 2005 - and legacy.
Early in the story, filmmaker Stacy says:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">‘At one point I did see us shooting “scenes
of breathtaking natural beauty” by bringing in Kaggia’s childhood in 1920s
Kenya. But if we then take him to Egypt, as a soldier then to the Holy Land and
then to post-war England, before he starts his political career, we’d have a
mega production…I am particularly interested in Kaggia’s relationship with his wife.
It’s clearly a love story but not in the standard, Hollywood style: that’s what
I see as the pillar of our story.’ </span></p>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMbRR-rbrxV7-fLKDGrQWR-TMlctP0zImke3onD6JNWSoyb-C01gsKi6LhFDUNc3qoQGibtzukzk4-qJzJJJtvVJuHNM-0cNBYDmhTDnbKFE14Bw-8qBVOr_qyZY8dRb8oGBxodB_4h56nnbr4BK_SmkQ31f_AphAFmA1C4T3fQ7vVgB9nl7m3_uPw-g/s373/image002.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="259" data-original-width="373" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMbRR-rbrxV7-fLKDGrQWR-TMlctP0zImke3onD6JNWSoyb-C01gsKi6LhFDUNc3qoQGibtzukzk4-qJzJJJtvVJuHNM-0cNBYDmhTDnbKFE14Bw-8qBVOr_qyZY8dRb8oGBxodB_4h56nnbr4BK_SmkQ31f_AphAFmA1C4T3fQ7vVgB9nl7m3_uPw-g/s16000/image002.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">
<p class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">THINGS FALL APART: Characters ‘Bildad
Kaggia’ and ‘Jomo Kenyatta’ have a heated ideological argument in ‘Kaggia’ which
was staged at the Phoenix Theatre. </span></i></p>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p></p></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">‘Minister, Karibu’</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">This is the only comedy in the bunch. Like virtually
everything else in the book, it was inspired by actual events. It is set during
a fervent electioneering period. With the General Elections just a few months
away, a host of big-name politicos converge in a hotel to hammer out a
coalition deal. Meanwhile, two con men - ‘Chief’ and his friend ‘Macho’ - hatch
a plan that sets the stage for a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Government
Inspector</i>-like farce. Chief reckons he resembles a powerful ex-minister
called W. C. Matumbato while Macho could pass for a youth leader called Hippo
Dudi. The two decide to use their similarities with the public figures to rip
off unsuspecting business people and politicians in the heat of the campaigns.
‘This is what I call an F.F.P,’ Chief proclaims. ‘A foolproof plan! What can
possibly go wrong?’</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">It’s not hard to see why this play was a success. The wit is as
sharp as serpent’s tooth. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Minister,
Karibu! </i>was performed in English in 2012 and in Gikuyu in 2018. The English
version was staged at the now-defunct Phoenix Theatre and directed by George
Mungai. The Gikuyu version was performed at the Ukumbi Mdogo hall, Kenya National
Theatre, and directed by Tash Mitambo. The plot could use some further
tightening. For example, why would crooks bother to attempt a mobile airtime
con while at the same engineering an armed robbery for a large amount of cash
(that would be much more valuable and easier to utilize)?</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">‘Dinner at Her
Excellency’s’</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Unlike the others, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Dinner
at Her Excellency’s</i> was written for radio, not the stage.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In it, the Ambassador of an unnamed European
country invites several professionals to dinner at her official residence. The
objective is to pick their brains on the mood in Kenya, as the country hurtles
towards a referendum on constitutional change. Like the food described in it, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Dinner at Her Excellency’s</i> is
tantalizing. However, as pointed out by Prof. Ghai in the Afterword, it could
have dug deeper into the issues it addresses. It also needs more SFX (sound
effects) and Stage Directions as we cannot see the players at all.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">‘Meetings’</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Meetings </span></i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">is clearly warning against Post-Elect
Violence (PEV), as witnessed in Kenya in 2007/2008. In it, several groups of
people hold series of enlightening discussions in the run-up to a wedding
between ‘Zeke’ and ‘Faoulata’. On the surface, it looks like the young
lovebirds’ engagement would be a natural fit, but their families’ history and
‘baggage’ cannot be ignored. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">This inter-generational play returns us to ancient oral
traditions without being a ‘period piece’. It’s a brilliant way to teach
history without being pedantic. Covering 43 pages, it’s the longest arrow in
the quiver, and arguably the most complex and sombre. Unfortunately, it suffers
the same loose copy-editing and over-punctuation as the others. Take a line like:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">FAOULATA (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Pause</i>.): Zeke, do you
think I’m a gold digger?</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> Why do you need the full stop after the word ‘<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Pause’? </i>It’s not even a sentence. On Pg
97, we find the line, ‘<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Your father and
his friends were caught and to Nyayo House, which is the yellowish building
across the road.’</b> Perhaps that should have been ‘…caught and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">whisked/taken</i></b>
to Nyayo House’? I can visualize an actor reading that line and furrowing his
brow. What’s interesting is that this book had two text editors. Perhaps for
his next collection of plays, the author should hire <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">three</i> editors!</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9Y48yyvEwasALrufeZCtLZDrBzyweDQPRNK3SLk7n74cekbZseKaYyBUZSKao6cSYAGkWrHbAN78WVKZP3dL7-voc_iSEKXhIEMKmRj55ub0RsdQYi1nrcVsJAmAo7i9iemlNstUiHqO-AnjGcbe_L88YnQpXGT4qLNGCWqaTl6jD4fV7bN-F3eTpNQ/s500/image003.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="339" data-original-width="500" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9Y48yyvEwasALrufeZCtLZDrBzyweDQPRNK3SLk7n74cekbZseKaYyBUZSKao6cSYAGkWrHbAN78WVKZP3dL7-voc_iSEKXhIEMKmRj55ub0RsdQYi1nrcVsJAmAo7i9iemlNstUiHqO-AnjGcbe_L88YnQpXGT4qLNGCWqaTl6jD4fV7bN-F3eTpNQ/s16000/image003.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">THE PHOENIX THEATRE CAST OF
‘MEETINGS’: (Standing L – R) Jackline Njoroge, Bruce Makau and Sam Psenjen.
(Seated L- R) Jane Waithiegeni, Martin Githinji and Harry Ebale. </span></i></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">‘Role Play’</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Here, we get different views of contemporary Kenya, from the
perspectives of diverse characters: an ageing man, a poetically-inclined house help,
a young Black lady, a Kenyan-Indian, a White expatriate (or Kenyan
Cowboys/Cowgirls, are they are colloquially referred to), and so on. Historical
Kenyan events (such as the 1982 coup attempt) and race dynamics are expertly
brought to the fore. It’s as if the author is subtly inviting dialogue on those
matters, as opposed to stereotypes, conspiracies and occasional violence. I
expected this to be the weakest piece in the book (because it’s the oldest one)
but it turned out to be probably the most skillfully written and thought-provoking.
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Role Play</span></i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> was first staged at The Courtyard
Theatre on 3<sup>rd</sup> June 2004. It featured a multi-racial cast. Most actors
played more than one role in the show, as the title suggests. In 2005, the show
was reprised at the Alliance Francaise de Nairobi. Looking at the
black-and-white photos of the past performances (contained in the book) will
bring a tinge of nostalgia and emotion to many who are familiar with the local
theatre scene. Two beautiful and talented actors therein are no longer with us.
Janet Kanini (who was Black) played the roles of ‘Dudu Smith’ (an expatriate)
and ‘Trupti Shah’ (a South Asian) in the original production. Lorna Irungu
played those roles in the reprise. May both their souls rest in eternal peace. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9QMwNYRroBHsc5Yaa3lQ5VuQOAoqRYakmYZoX6yAniE0ek91ZwqnRSNcoRhaqoCo_IEc80vVieZ5DG0ZZkySgmyXUsQLK0_qsIew4Bh7eonS4zTZ2rwGFvfYAe2ynjNLUYIikgM6Jxuke216CyrpBpk5z8TyXH8uWbiEqH5oduHYSTi0GY9GK1OvP7Q/s595/image004.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="378" data-original-width="595" height="254" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9QMwNYRroBHsc5Yaa3lQ5VuQOAoqRYakmYZoX6yAniE0ek91ZwqnRSNcoRhaqoCo_IEc80vVieZ5DG0ZZkySgmyXUsQLK0_qsIew4Bh7eonS4zTZ2rwGFvfYAe2ynjNLUYIikgM6Jxuke216CyrpBpk5z8TyXH8uWbiEqH5oduHYSTi0GY9GK1OvP7Q/w400-h254/image004.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">THE ORIGINAL CAST OF ‘ROLE PLAY’: (L
– R) Kimberley Leonard, Janet Kanini, Collin Simpson, Mohini Balal and Lucy
Gitonga.</span></i></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">‘Elements’</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Originally written and performed in French, this is an
engaging monologue spiced up by impressions of various world accents. The
protagonist, a 50-year-old female writer, has a diverse cultural heritage which
makes her ethnicity difficult for people to pin down when she’s travelling
around the world. It’s a relatively short piece in which the solo performer
gives us an insight into her inner and outer worlds. I wouldn’t call it ‘short
and sweet’ because it’s not <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sweet</i>.
It’s realistic – and reality is not ‘sweet’. Behind glamorous facades and
admirable families, we see, are a litany of secrets and heartbreaks. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">I am not sure about the relevance of the title, although it
probably makes more sense in the original French. It has the same editing
issues as the rest of the book eg. ‘gradmother’ instead of ‘grandmother’ (Pg.
161). All told, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Elements</i> is a
shattering drama.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2xMGBj4EgI_yXo3mGqJ6W3xwOM8KTvYSXsq_IxNgD0f1bGFkV0VMj1OdvRJ39oV9O21ZURTwZfMGSpNycJ4UrHvfEapXF9Oyt4_exhCJs8Ah2twbrwieVo9MqlOuviFX_1R4vt_p1XK0zIiwkvkhrW4QlQEzGNO3PXrn-XnUyX9EMUtDUs5F7MdMkFA/s478/image005.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="292" data-original-width="478" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2xMGBj4EgI_yXo3mGqJ6W3xwOM8KTvYSXsq_IxNgD0f1bGFkV0VMj1OdvRJ39oV9O21ZURTwZfMGSpNycJ4UrHvfEapXF9Oyt4_exhCJs8Ah2twbrwieVo9MqlOuviFX_1R4vt_p1XK0zIiwkvkhrW4QlQEzGNO3PXrn-XnUyX9EMUtDUs5F7MdMkFA/s16000/image005.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-align:center;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<p class="MsoNormal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ONE-HANDER: Actress Nathalie Vairac
as ‘Dana’ in the ‘Elements’. </span></i></p>
</td></tr></tbody></table><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">THE AUTHOR</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">John Sibi-Okumu (better known as JSO) has appeared in over 40
stage productions since the 1970s. He has played such challenging lead roles as
Sophocles’ King Oedipus; Shakespeare’s Romeo, Oberon and Shylock; Samuel Beckett’s
Krappand Vladimir; Creon in Anouilh’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Antigone</i>;
Percy in Mtwa/Ngema/Simon’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Woza, Albert!</i>
Robert Mugabe in Fraser Grace’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Breakfast
with Mugabe</i>; and Serge in the French version of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Yasmina Reza’s Art</i>. He directed Kenyan Afro-fusion artiste Eric
Wainaina’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Mo Faya!</i> musical in the
USA as part of the New York Festival of Musical Theatre in 2009. He re-united
collaboration with Wainaina in 2016 when he played ‘Lion’ in the child-friendly
animal-themed musical <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Tinga Tinga Tales</i>.
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTHf4fMbU72qCWcQ1AdsoqBpCX3ks6_TaPlbFWx4KJ51HlWbtI9twaaXNOoTj8svuNvS6aalhqBNwJ7pInGNMVa_VPyMxZj5uN4W_1KFIUiyh6ADFaMmYw6DNVUpET-CsE-PdXLoXP2NI8-o_Zv5YNNKpLUa7DcCzEQi1sChvUTNBnC-_DvvgqP9pQMw/s486/image006.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="321" data-original-width="486" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTHf4fMbU72qCWcQ1AdsoqBpCX3ks6_TaPlbFWx4KJ51HlWbtI9twaaXNOoTj8svuNvS6aalhqBNwJ7pInGNMVa_VPyMxZj5uN4W_1KFIUiyh6ADFaMmYw6DNVUpET-CsE-PdXLoXP2NI8-o_Zv5YNNKpLUa7DcCzEQi1sChvUTNBnC-_DvvgqP9pQMw/s16000/image006.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Collin Simpson (left) and John
Sibi-Okumu (‘Vladimir’) in the Beckett classic ‘Waiting for Godot’ (2005)</span></i></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Over the decades, JSO has scooped awards for best play, best
director and best playwright. He has also received several lifetime achievement
awards, most recently during the inaugural Kenya Theatre Awards (2022). He is
well-known for having been a teacher of the French language. This lead to him
being ‘knighted’ a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Chevalier des Palmes
Académiques</i>, for services to French culture. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Collected Plays
(2004-2014)</span></i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> has
well-drawn characters, colloquial dialogue, and relatable themes. What we have
here is a major playwright at work, probably our generation’s August Wilson. In
the Foreword, Ngugi wa Thiong’o describes the author as ‘a many sided
intellectual’ and remarks that ‘it is on stage that Sibi-Okumu’s various gifts
have shone the most brightly.’ </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">THE BOOK</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">This collection of plays was published in 2021 by Jahazi
Press (Nairobi). It was officially launched at the Alliance Fran</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">ç</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">aise de Nairobi during the inaugural NYrobi Fest. Textual
editing was done by Andrew Maina and Stanley Kiio. The cover illustration is by
famed cartoonist ‘Gado’ (Godfrey Mwampembwa). The book has a matte cover and an
interior consisting of 186 pages of art paper. The book is enriched by precious
black-and-white photos of the actual works on stage (save for <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Dinner at Her Excellency’s</i>). The photos
are made more poignant by the fact that some of the actors are no longer among
the quick.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The editing could have been tighter. What was the rush? Some
sentences go on for three or four lines, broken only by commas. That can’t be
good for speech. (A TV anchor might throw a fit if they had to read such run-on
sentences on live television.) Typos exist, eg. ‘…inferno is egulfling’,
instead of ‘engulfing’ (Pg. 75). Luckily, for the author/publisher, if the
plays are staged in future, the audience won’t see the typos!</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://prestigebookshop.com/product/j-e-sibi-okumu-collected-plays-2004-2014-2/" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="495" data-original-width="347" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiy8iAjHCJN0RZdUcfOPD_5SJCDogeHnv6HZZGydGCoKdRGY8PKtlxpQPMJ9IDOSzONE323TZrLF4_rxGlWAdH_YIe3T89UjwW8-7TQJJ7J05l07kEiSxRCa8cE1TFVpqeArLF65dchcvnpnvskPbjy1_ruz3WJrvNpfZEgsCF2B8eQRW5amet1E1sJHw/s16000/image007.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://prestigebookshop.com/product/j-e-sibi-okumu-collected-plays-2004-2014-2/" target="_blank"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Front cover of the book.</span></i></a></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Reading this bibliography of relatable plays makes one wonder
why some theatre troupes <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">still</i> insist
on (illegally) adapting foreign fare, especially farces. As the late Prof.
Chris Wanjala would have said, we already have a plentiful ‘harvest of plays’
right here in our own country. And they cover a wide range of themes. Let us
not be like the villainous/gullible ‘baddies’ in this collection. JSO has held
up a mirror to our society. Do we fancy the reflection? To borrow the late
politician Kenneth Matiba’s catchphrase: ‘Let the people decide!’</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://prestigebookshop.com/product/j-e-sibi-okumu-collected-plays-2004-2014-2/" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Collected Plays
(2004-2014) </span></i></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="https://prestigebookshop.com/product/j-e-sibi-okumu-collected-plays-2004-2014-2/" target="_blank">is
available at Prestige Bookshop</a> for Kshs 1,500 (USD$ 15). </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">* Black-and-white photo credits: Herv</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">é Braneyre, Joel Magu, Richard Onyinge, Tash
Mitambo, Khamis Ramadhan and Sanaa Post. </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></p>
<br />Alexander Nderituhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03967229184207192460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8867540652900306681.post-24745663470487505352022-10-21T08:54:00.000-07:002022-10-21T08:54:14.851-07:00READ THE MOST IMPORTANT DOCUMENT IN AFRICAN LITERATURE TODAY<p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:AllowPNG/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="false"
DefSemiHidden="false" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="376">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footer"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of figures"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope return"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="line number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="page number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Mention"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Smart Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hashtag"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Unresolved Mention"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Smart Link"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0cm;
mso-para-margin-right:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:8.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0cm;
line-height:107%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;
mso-ligatures:standardcontextual;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">'Changing the
Literary Map of Africa' contains a wealth of information on African literature,
history and culture for people interested in World Literature, Postcolonial
Studies, Languages, African Studies or Pan-Africanism. The topics covered in
this work include:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">- The Tribe Speaks:
What Indigenous Africans Think of 'Afropolitanism' and Diasporic Literature</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">- Languages and
Culture in Africa</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">- Culture Talk:
Translating World Literatures</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">- The Hidden
Pre-Colonial History of Africa</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">- Culture Codes:
Different Strokes for Different Folks?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">- How the Book World
is Adapting to Digital Environments</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">- The Thorny Issue
of Race in Literature</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">- The Effects of
Colonialism on the African Continent</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">- Comparative
Literature: A Glimpse into the Literatures of North America, India, the Arab
World and China</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">- African Literary
Awards and the Case for an ‘African Nobel Prize’</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">- Literary Festivals
and Book Fairs Around the World </span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgk-jUPjt2V904Mdv5YNf6f6AHAOmd9lEq5EyM7V11QtJqlxynEwoNdB4iJQIASz1_raYU1I1pG3nop8TK9BFc1XpjOOlmCgsWmXc-Zmbn_FGc10xHiNNJ7D4ElsTMnX4FphAP_XSfZwzwtWj7b35HJ4pLskgopYgt7_qRLOwS1httPGgzqenoB3oQwlA/s750/Changing%20the%20Literary%20Map%20of%20Africa.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="750" data-original-width="500" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgk-jUPjt2V904Mdv5YNf6f6AHAOmd9lEq5EyM7V11QtJqlxynEwoNdB4iJQIASz1_raYU1I1pG3nop8TK9BFc1XpjOOlmCgsWmXc-Zmbn_FGc10xHiNNJ7D4ElsTMnX4FphAP_XSfZwzwtWj7b35HJ4pLskgopYgt7_qRLOwS1httPGgzqenoB3oQwlA/s16000/Changing%20the%20Literary%20Map%20of%20Africa.jpg" /></a></div><br /> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:AllowPNG/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="false"
DefSemiHidden="false" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="376">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footer"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of figures"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope return"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="line number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="page number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Mention"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Smart Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hashtag"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Unresolved Mention"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Smart Link"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0cm;
mso-para-margin-right:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:8.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0cm;
line-height:107%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
mso-font-kerning:1.0pt;
mso-ligatures:standardcontextual;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">WHAT OTHERS SAY:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">'In compiling
“Changing the Literary Map of Africa” ...he aggregated a wide variety of
perspectives on key topics related to the industry, such as the legacy of
colonialism in publishing, the growing tension between diaspora African writers
and those who stay at home, and the need for more African book prizes.' -
Publishers Weekly</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">‘Fascinating, well
written and makes some very interesting and valid points.’ – European cultural
website </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">'Highly resourceful
research material...We in the Association of Nigerian Authors(ANA) welcome such
insightful work that will deepen our understanding of contemporary literary
productions in the continent and beyond.' - Senior ANA official</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">---</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Title: ‘Changing the
Literary Map of Africa’</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Year of release:
2019</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Pages: 381</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Format: PDF</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Size: 5.87 MB</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Interested? E-mail
admin(at)alexandernderitu.com for details.</span></b></p>
<p></p><p>
</p>Alexander Nderituhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03967229184207192460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8867540652900306681.post-44044720766188904632022-08-15T23:51:00.001-07:002022-08-16T01:10:33.406-07:00ALEXANDER NDERITU: WHY I WILL CONTINUE NGUGI WA THIONG'O'S LINGUISTIC BATTLE<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikyTMYelZPyo6zlFxAcDPcL3coXqhs0vCgrZ1zN8FaR2LwV4a1A6_6qLbsGnUA69caG-34d7yiRdlShMEBaJ20zVSapTd19L_8QgGwcfPD8k_zXHbRwkddYh6ZFs3rQMJZeXNjDVY_XgdM/s1600/1660632709235831-0.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
<img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikyTMYelZPyo6zlFxAcDPcL3coXqhs0vCgrZ1zN8FaR2LwV4a1A6_6qLbsGnUA69caG-34d7yiRdlShMEBaJ20zVSapTd19L_8QgGwcfPD8k_zXHbRwkddYh6ZFs3rQMJZeXNjDVY_XgdM/s1600/1660632709235831-0.png" width="400">
</a>
</div><div><i>Ngugi Wa Thiong'o's publisher, Henry Chakava (left) and Alexander Nderitu at an African Literature/Literacy Summit. </i></div><div><br></div><div><i>‘We cannot speak of taking up the challenge of a new century for African literature unless we address the necessity to devise the means by which literature in African languages becomes the major component of the continent's literature. Without this, one cannot speak of an African literature.’</i> - Nadine Gordimer (SA), Nobel Prize for Literature winner, ‘Turning the Page: African Writers on the Threshold of the Twenty-First Century’</div><div><br></div><div>Most Africans - including scribes - react very strangely when the topic of speaking/writing in their vernaculars (aka 'languages of the catchment areas'). African languages have been systematically demonized since the dawn of Arab/European colonization. Language is the main carrier of culture so as our cultures were shoved aside by the colonialists so were the languages. I remember once hanging out with a childhood buddy in Nyeri town and my girlfriend at the time joined us and started talking to me in Gikuyu. Dude was shocked He later asked me where she went to school. He couldn't believe that an educated/sophisticated person could address other educated people in vernacular. (She was in a weave, tight jeans, designer handbag, make up, and everything.) What he - and many others - don't realize is that even foreign languages like English, French, German, Spanish, Hindi, or Mandarin - are also vernaculars (to their native speakers). If foreigners are not ashamed of their vernaculars, then why are you?</div><div><br></div><div>When old man Ngugi wa Thiong'o started his promotion of local languages in the late 1970's, many of his contemporaries thought that he had lost it. 'Who will read your books in vernacular?' they wondered. But Ngugi - arguably Kenya's top intellectual - had not lost anything. The idea was not to force people to read his Gikuyu but to write in his own mother tongue and then allow for translation (Although he ended up doing most of the translations himself!) LANGUAGES TALK TO EACH OTHER VIA TRANSLATION. Look at Ngugi now. World renowned. Over 11 honorary doctorates to his name. Novel Prize for Literature buzz. Cultural icon per excellence...There have been some rumours about his health of late (some netizens even killing him off on Social Media) but whichever way the cold wind blows, Ngugi's legacy will continue. We will carry it on. And we are legion. An army of 'language warriors'. </div><div><br></div><div>For those who believe that language preservation is a lost cause, it's OK. It's your right to use the language you prefer. Those of us who believe in cultural promotion will soldier on. And our market is bigger than ever (ironically). There are more vernacular speakers/radio and TV shows and books and magazines than ever in recent history. I am currently writing a book of verse and a children's book in Gikuyu and laying the ground work for a Hip-Hop novel in Kiswahili. And I'm having a blast! (Incidentally, many modern classics we read today, like 'One Hundred Years of Solitude' and 'The Alchemist', were not originally written in English.)</div><div><br></div><div>I will conclude with a quote from mzee Ngugi wa Thiong'o himuselufu:</div><div><br></div><div><b>'If you learn to speak the languages of the world and cannot speak the language from your culture, that's enslavement. But if you learn the language of your culture and then learn the languages of the world, then that's empowerment.’</b></div><div><br></div><div><br></div>Alexander Nderituhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03967229184207192460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8867540652900306681.post-27893657096868866862022-08-01T08:34:00.001-07:002022-08-01T08:34:43.463-07:00AFRICAN AUTHOR ADDRESS MIGRANT WORKER CONDITIONS IN THE MIDDLE EAST <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixD_gylJNERXQLP2mQ5KtZA9nj-PQwuxV0RPongKoGZ2z7S9qO-r0wDQeBJIDGYonOPbMyUrXMdSYqOCIWCSv9b9klampb2z0qav1HuOVJMjkowoN3M4xxnMvcpojplQMBYAYFo7dV6m9S/s1600/1659368078575470-0.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
<img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixD_gylJNERXQLP2mQ5KtZA9nj-PQwuxV0RPongKoGZ2z7S9qO-r0wDQeBJIDGYonOPbMyUrXMdSYqOCIWCSv9b9klampb2z0qav1HuOVJMjkowoN3M4xxnMvcpojplQMBYAYFo7dV6m9S/s1600/1659368078575470-0.png" width="400">
</a>
</div><div><br></div><div><div>'ALMOST A VIRGIN' (Short Story + Audio)</div><div><br></div><div>'Alex Nderitu in “Almost a Virgin” responds to the numerous harrowing cases of mistreatment - and in some cases murder - of migrant African workers in the Gulf States. Using two fictional female characters, he shows how unsuspecting migrants are attracted to the Gulf, some of the experiences they go through, the failure of systems that would protect them, and some of the things that can be done to stem this modern-day, perfumed, slave trade.' - Editorial, Issue 1, OneBlackBoyLikeThatReview</div><div><br></div><div>Read the story here: <a href="https://oneblackboylikethatreview.blogspot.com/p/fiction_14.html">https://oneblackboylikethatreview.blogspot.com/p/fiction_14.html</a></div></div><div><br></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXZtPuAxFseg3ZRwsTl-2-d3yO0N0vF_RdfO95RqaqprSU3e2oZ4wUZ3jqA4226cC3lp6irBJ-YQLCeqJtlXkHQSKVYDqJBLFbnAQJqMv8NNVgW7DG5Q-79Z-z_k-PNGlrNmFK1Z0DWtIb/s1600/1659368075412858-1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
<img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXZtPuAxFseg3ZRwsTl-2-d3yO0N0vF_RdfO95RqaqprSU3e2oZ4wUZ3jqA4226cC3lp6irBJ-YQLCeqJtlXkHQSKVYDqJBLFbnAQJqMv8NNVgW7DG5Q-79Z-z_k-PNGlrNmFK1Z0DWtIb/s1600/1659368075412858-1.png" width="400">
</a>
</div><br></div>Alexander Nderituhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03967229184207192460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8867540652900306681.post-84276733081154491372022-07-17T00:20:00.001-07:002022-07-17T00:24:07.787-07:002022 NYROBI BOOK FEST<div>The NYrobi Book Fest 2022 took place from Fri 24th to Sun 26th June 2022 at the Alliance Franchise de Nairobi.</div><div><br></div><div>It was dubbed "a celebration of Books, words and Ideas".</div><div><br></div><div>The activities of the event, now in its second year, included Discussions, Book Launches and a Story Telling session for Children.</div><div><br></div><div>Below are some images from the literary event:</div><div><br></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9z9lauqwbBwfUf7gT7VK7uwd0qNkLZSb7o7yWRWugich6nPIiws4vwz5YJ4wHo7wYTN3iAtpOvm2F959YVOEcv-9I4jSXP0kv6fTqNVfcGz8jUJiyIKob4-dhTchzJ_40x1Bymr-gvwvp/s1600/1658042445587296-0.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
<img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9z9lauqwbBwfUf7gT7VK7uwd0qNkLZSb7o7yWRWugich6nPIiws4vwz5YJ4wHo7wYTN3iAtpOvm2F959YVOEcv-9I4jSXP0kv6fTqNVfcGz8jUJiyIKob4-dhTchzJ_40x1Bymr-gvwvp/s1600/1658042445587296-0.png" width="400"></a></div></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtRjh0EvmZWPC_YFHB7uAAG5o4hxrmhjFlrGQm1q4pJQbwR5OAy0PTvLw_4BeXlJUUFaOk_lM8-1mQ0aWPT3lSX6cdvgWEg6c_fLTUq_hqQgQXn1Jgdm7_Svm9DjqyfK3ur9Q_X6aL4EoY/s1600/1658042442235479-1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
<img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtRjh0EvmZWPC_YFHB7uAAG5o4hxrmhjFlrGQm1q4pJQbwR5OAy0PTvLw_4BeXlJUUFaOk_lM8-1mQ0aWPT3lSX6cdvgWEg6c_fLTUq_hqQgQXn1Jgdm7_Svm9DjqyfK3ur9Q_X6aL4EoY/s1600/1658042442235479-1.png" width="400"></a></div></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLS7wK4XoUclfCOGX2h6GUXHINGGTYjvRDR-PyX1_uO5hWpnhe8GNJs5wO_-g4VuX6yzlJKwPrjJPAS8FmEtlNvsvkGu_fXNR_4YOfwxW3MzXwtcQJ9aNrXbWcqTVBc7UTpmrEeclamPOf/s1600/1658042438969755-2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
<img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLS7wK4XoUclfCOGX2h6GUXHINGGTYjvRDR-PyX1_uO5hWpnhe8GNJs5wO_-g4VuX6yzlJKwPrjJPAS8FmEtlNvsvkGu_fXNR_4YOfwxW3MzXwtcQJ9aNrXbWcqTVBc7UTpmrEeclamPOf/s1600/1658042438969755-2.png" width="400"></a></div></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWgdcbSOBgt0Hv1vkXl7BkP15UIzAx6xWLayDLOq9BHhx7PZ3ApO6HisCvs-S635NLgKPy5Ud_9gFjrchIN02oVKkG1apHBXdH_gORyftr8AMa9ygQdm4dsUZBizbONOp_wvjFbjUEmc3f/s1600/1658042435775384-3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
<img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWgdcbSOBgt0Hv1vkXl7BkP15UIzAx6xWLayDLOq9BHhx7PZ3ApO6HisCvs-S635NLgKPy5Ud_9gFjrchIN02oVKkG1apHBXdH_gORyftr8AMa9ygQdm4dsUZBizbONOp_wvjFbjUEmc3f/s1600/1658042435775384-3.png" width="400"></a></div></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiS0zBcGR7BysIqf7TXK0d9Ir0Wl2xd_JJFp32HuFXV3tbnVrvmHklxbf4simckDTOfX3nQP9YxjDMnYEzPC0oLJ21UNfrnhffEll7HHsVqyooBZ7kThRmE7ej9LayuV9U0CveLDHNfF-vI/s1600/1658042432307286-4.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
<img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiS0zBcGR7BysIqf7TXK0d9Ir0Wl2xd_JJFp32HuFXV3tbnVrvmHklxbf4simckDTOfX3nQP9YxjDMnYEzPC0oLJ21UNfrnhffEll7HHsVqyooBZ7kThRmE7ej9LayuV9U0CveLDHNfF-vI/s1600/1658042432307286-4.png" width="400">
</a>
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhagP5oTA8Rc73WMszzy1clcHl42ypv0V4sapJ23Ib85QSvABFKO21Huh9XuOCLUtSdIkYU-wSDUsetxQ-Gf45nMqltZ0CrJ4XoDX-wsIgyqJmF-vbm0jKMJwD9w6bVvXIvCBB6iDkPD9OR/s1600/1658042428593340-5.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
<img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhagP5oTA8Rc73WMszzy1clcHl42ypv0V4sapJ23Ib85QSvABFKO21Huh9XuOCLUtSdIkYU-wSDUsetxQ-Gf45nMqltZ0CrJ4XoDX-wsIgyqJmF-vbm0jKMJwD9w6bVvXIvCBB6iDkPD9OR/s1600/1658042428593340-5.png" width="400">
</a>
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSsLB7r323lxjN8OpfVYSydZGmekUoWAvdOTZNd6oZaBofNZZTKL9w9xRCD61xAZNTDpWsEIVe5N1j5v6RnbOMmp_0KVUKdhH9UNTlHGaYl9D0m2WPLII7x4d8rFRL651BmpwwoRD_-1DJ/s1600/1658042424959641-6.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
<img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSsLB7r323lxjN8OpfVYSydZGmekUoWAvdOTZNd6oZaBofNZZTKL9w9xRCD61xAZNTDpWsEIVe5N1j5v6RnbOMmp_0KVUKdhH9UNTlHGaYl9D0m2WPLII7x4d8rFRL651BmpwwoRD_-1DJ/s1600/1658042424959641-6.png" width="400">
</a>
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3vSqbS6XyUP8B20ACTF3Rz9k-ydSOHd-Lho-uT4pII-4t6sFuWh1x2m2NHJ4cRJ6dX3FadFxQzJpwNQ8a9NLTteCVE7KQN_bCufyCqoPP4-5_-Pg3U4DdcGdw9BbtSRanYOyoJYwMU4Fw/s1600/1658042421588442-7.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
<img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3vSqbS6XyUP8B20ACTF3Rz9k-ydSOHd-Lho-uT4pII-4t6sFuWh1x2m2NHJ4cRJ6dX3FadFxQzJpwNQ8a9NLTteCVE7KQN_bCufyCqoPP4-5_-Pg3U4DdcGdw9BbtSRanYOyoJYwMU4Fw/s1600/1658042421588442-7.png" width="400">
</a>
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirxameX2n8U205nxQTF2wx5Hji1U3xuFX4xf_XGjN6mU6Dot3JH8OrSIXG53D9brulkQ7t6PLbv1hnlvEav4HUWn72Vh0vZgGt8B9tqBbHA_faYyP3AFz0RZi-LdXzCxAFU8JYpPrFymLu/s1600/1658042417879405-8.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
<img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirxameX2n8U205nxQTF2wx5Hji1U3xuFX4xf_XGjN6mU6Dot3JH8OrSIXG53D9brulkQ7t6PLbv1hnlvEav4HUWn72Vh0vZgGt8B9tqBbHA_faYyP3AFz0RZi-LdXzCxAFU8JYpPrFymLu/s1600/1658042417879405-8.png" width="400">
</a>
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjrUH4PYBeboz0bnTiRYxL9S4rd6812ayt5ZVF56oXaD0WAW9_40TAFZuZC2r71sMYa-zDL4zXHAsJm_swBxtExpaDUDQW4ODdvkhCZWKwDuiD3ceSQm9pkVJkfbtRtDRI0ZP8ueLVE1pc/s1600/1658042414080088-9.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
<img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjrUH4PYBeboz0bnTiRYxL9S4rd6812ayt5ZVF56oXaD0WAW9_40TAFZuZC2r71sMYa-zDL4zXHAsJm_swBxtExpaDUDQW4ODdvkhCZWKwDuiD3ceSQm9pkVJkfbtRtDRI0ZP8ueLVE1pc/s1600/1658042414080088-9.png" width="400">
</a>
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-ggLZq7G_SQsX_ACLOA4EFebW8FUSb2WxVFvewf0M3WjDQY0lHWg09qKtB5pRyr5aav_7LVeo_3Dthj7KxDYj7Pa4hvVCRMOm31sWmd6t_glV-EtB8IMCWzLtviPKIb9q4ZkO3dFYtq6s/s1600/1658042410337440-10.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
<img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-ggLZq7G_SQsX_ACLOA4EFebW8FUSb2WxVFvewf0M3WjDQY0lHWg09qKtB5pRyr5aav_7LVeo_3Dthj7KxDYj7Pa4hvVCRMOm31sWmd6t_glV-EtB8IMCWzLtviPKIb9q4ZkO3dFYtq6s/s1600/1658042410337440-10.png" width="400">
</a>
</div><br></div>Alexander Nderituhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03967229184207192460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8867540652900306681.post-65976330243692180452022-06-18T23:40:00.001-07:002022-06-18T23:40:54.695-07:002022 NYROBI BOOK FESTIVAL<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZUwYgJx_FK9COIih38rwCZ4UicPtiBTeu3Xs93HA8WqikH51sh4xDrQTp5qXJ-XvOPv4o8dccZci5pWfbw8eRbIExG4-C72A-qZcfV7ZOP1FWy4mqkNwSWWi9vvc6pRNKBPbVZ3n-OowO/s1600/1655620848816394-0.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
<img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZUwYgJx_FK9COIih38rwCZ4UicPtiBTeu3Xs93HA8WqikH51sh4xDrQTp5qXJ-XvOPv4o8dccZci5pWfbw8eRbIExG4-C72A-qZcfV7ZOP1FWy4mqkNwSWWi9vvc6pRNKBPbVZ3n-OowO/s1600/1655620848816394-0.png" width="400">
</a>
</div><div><br></div><div><div>Dates: 24th to 26th June📆<br></div><div>Time: 9am to 6pm 🕘</div><div>Venue: Alliance Francaise</div><div><br></div><div>Register for the 2nd edition here: </div><div><br></div><div>https://www.eventbrite.com/e/nyrobi-book-fest-june-2022-tickets-367561384997 </div></div>Alexander Nderituhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03967229184207192460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8867540652900306681.post-39808502824295660182022-06-15T06:07:00.004-07:002022-06-20T04:14:39.734-07:00THE FASHIONABLE TIES THAT BIND: Interacting With Italian Culture in Kenya<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"> by <a href="http://www.alexandernderitu.com/" target="_blank">Alexander Nderitu</a></span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjC0mMmomGgkVQMUvukgBCCYgkjF_mfUSL8MMmmHZrbTXclYhZEvwGVAmq5x3SSy4iLwLBxxZ6xW10IJgf6jCeu-WufUWVP7DaMC0FeiuzSPpxsaS9doUh02t7A50Ne-ZBvu266aMGgCM1s/s1600/1655723666674764-0.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
<img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjC0mMmomGgkVQMUvukgBCCYgkjF_mfUSL8MMmmHZrbTXclYhZEvwGVAmq5x3SSy4iLwLBxxZ6xW10IJgf6jCeu-WufUWVP7DaMC0FeiuzSPpxsaS9doUh02t7A50Ne-ZBvu266aMGgCM1s/s1600/1655723666674764-0.png" width="400">
</a>
</div></p><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><b style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">HISTORY</span></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><o:p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br></span></o:p></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia; text-align: left;">Kenya’s
contact with Italy goes back over a century. It is believed that the first Italian
missionaries came to Kenya in 1902. The most famous of these would be Blessed
Sister Irene Stefani - <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TbSE0-CyQSE">the first Catholic to be beatified in Africa</a>. <a href="http://consolatasisters.org/blessed-sr-irene-stefani/" target="_blank">Blessed Sr.Irene Stefani</a> was born in Anfo, Brescia (Italy). During WWI (1915 – 1918), she
worked in military hospitals in Kenya and Tanzania. Between 1920 – 1930, <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qrn6o9oYOUY" target="_blank">she worked around my hometown of Nyeri</a> where she was nicknamed ‘Nyaatha’ (‘Mother
of Mercy’). In 2011, Pope Benedict XVI authorized the issue of Decree on her “Heroic
Virtues” and Sr. Irene was proclaimed Venerable. In 2014, Pope Francis put his
signature to the Decree of the Beatification of Sr. Irene Stefani.</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://consolatasisters.org/blessed-sr-irene-stefani/" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><img border="0" data-original-height="533" data-original-width="1062" height="161" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnkrHlq1GkdLhlIY27jydwhK5kvpYZbt0Q43THaEWpxK4k8emnGUn0rQXTRIKdVjMzs-7BMARL2J3oANHqBHyjctrV9P3ydE__LngMCPhajhQNtGjfMJMrF7naER7yfnkB3e4jso4H_0i6FjVx7l8wBfCnvrSvdOhmCD5R1QRjleZSFqwG3Nuvgqwm8A/s320/Irene%20Stefani.jpg" width="320"></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><a href="http://consolatasisters.org/blessed-sr-irene-stefani/" target="_blank"><i><span style="font-family: georgia;">Sister
Irene ‘Nyaatha’ Stefani <o:p></o:p></span></i></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">During
their decades-long interactions with Kenya, the Italian touch has been felt in
multiple sectors including business, leisure, security and sports. The famous
world heritage site known as <a href="https://medium.com/@abebaebrima/fort-jesus-kenyas-portuguese-fortress-5ea07ef739c5" target="_blank">Fort Jesus (Mombasa) was designed by an Italian architect</a> and engineer. Joao Batista Cairato was hired the Portuguese to design
the port at the end of the 16<sup>th</sup> Century. It was meant to help secure
the Portuguese ‘secure their position on the coast of East Africa’. (It should
come as no surprise that Italy produces world-class architects. Just look at
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PNjGJ9aIZ7g" target="_blank">Roman architecture</a>. Art apparently lies in the Italian gene.)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">Since
then, Italians have built churches, villas, hotels, various businesses, and
even a space agency on Kenyan soil. The Coast-based space agency is credited
with being one of the reasons for the high Italian population in Malindi. <a href="https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2017-11-08-italians-begin-documenting-over-100-year-old-ties-with-kenya/" target="_blank">According to Franco Esposito, a formerly a manager at San Marco space agency</a>, about
120 Italian nationals came to the country to do space research after an
agreement between the two governments was signed:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><blockquote style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="text-indent: 36pt;">‘However, they later brought their families
friends and the number increased as each of those </span>who
visited fell in love with Malindi. Since then, Italians began investing heavily
in tourism resorts which attracted more tourists.’</span></blockquote><p style="text-align: left;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">One
of the more recent space-related projects is the <a href="https://international.agi.it/international/italian_and_kenyan_students_work_on_first_nanosatellite-1296986/news/2016-12-05/" target="_blank">IKUNS (Kenyan ItalianNanosatellite University) project</a>. IKUNS project was coordinated by the Agenzia
Spaziale Italiana (ASI) with the support of the Kenya Space Agency. Touted as ‘example
of Italo-Kenyan cooperation’, <a href="https://africanews.space/ksab-says-kenya-to-launch-nano-satellites-in-august/" target="_blank">it was jointly developed by University of Nairobiand “La Sapienza" University of Rome</a>, with the aim to develop a CubeSat
for Earth Observation and to pursue training and educational goals.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><a href="http://www.watamukenya.net/en/articlesmk/words/books/the-history-of-italians-in-kenya-in-the-new-book-by-freddie-del-curatolo.html" target="_blank"><i>Portraits of Italians</i> <i>in Kenya</i></a>, is a book that was published
by the Italian Embassy and the Italian Institute of Culture in Nairobi. In the
Foreword, former Italian Ambassador to Kenya, H. E. Mauro Massoni, wrote:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><o:p><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span></o:p><blockquote><o:p><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></o:p><span style="font-family: georgia;">‘The
ability Italians abroad have always shown to actively integrate themselves in
the social, cultural, scientific and economic fabric of their host country has
certainly been a key element of their success in this rich and generous African
land. An attitude that has been well combined with the typically Kenyan
curiosity for everything that, extraneous to the culture of the country,
constitutes a tool for human development and improvement of living conditions. The
result is a profound interpenetration of two cultures and a fruitful
transmission of specific knowledge that has enabled our compatriots not only to
assert themselves on a professional level, taking advantage of the many
opportunities offered by Kenya, but also to contribute to the economic and
social development of the country.’</span></blockquote></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/QoLEBVZgTMk" width="320" youtube-src-id="QoLEBVZgTMk"></iframe></span></div><h3 style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br></span></b></h3><h3 style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-family: georgia;">‘LITTLE ITALY’</span></b></h3><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i>'And here
I am, in Kenya, the country where I would like to stay for a while...It (vlogging)
can also be a resource for tourism because making people travel with their eyes
and thoughts reactivates the desire for holidays and also to tell Kenyans about
the beauty of places like Malindi, Watamu or Diani, for example. I hope that
more and more sponsors, as is already happening, will put their trust in me. I
am Kenya's most famous "mzungu" vlogger.' - </i><a href="https://www.malindikenya.net/en/articles/news/people/michele-globetrotter-vlogger-loved-by-kenyans.html" target="_blank"><i>Michele Ponte, Italian-born vlogger</i></a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia; text-align: left;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7x6c5HUuzpo0slu9f61yhRKjaEXUEKbDFi9CWTOzWeUodCcMV3UxAcjcWwd_pEdrLAqfE2rpnfTVqlrXPKwghKoPSlbWV1jVT5xTbed8hoY4kENt9AQs8XXG6xFxyxS_lh_N-mwqI29lh1lrQA1vgXE66Up-20ekBmqVHu4KEgxm5Ml0hA3z6AQFlfg/s750/kenya-map.gif" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><img border="0" data-original-height="750" data-original-width="619" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7x6c5HUuzpo0slu9f61yhRKjaEXUEKbDFi9CWTOzWeUodCcMV3UxAcjcWwd_pEdrLAqfE2rpnfTVqlrXPKwghKoPSlbWV1jVT5xTbed8hoY4kENt9AQs8XXG6xFxyxS_lh_N-mwqI29lh1lrQA1vgXE66Up-20ekBmqVHu4KEgxm5Ml0hA3z6AQFlfg/w330-h400/kenya-map.gif" width="330"></span></a></div><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="text-align: left;"><i> Map of Kenya </i> (geology.com)</span> </span><p style="text-align: left;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">It
is estimated that about 5,000 Italians live in Kenya. And out of those, as many
as 4,000 are said to live in an around Malindi (at the Kenyan coast) alone. It
is for this reason that Malindi has been nicknamed ‘<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zq_ryn8lrvE" target="_blank">Little Italy</a>’. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><a href="https://nation.africa/kenya/news/italian-billionaires-splash-the-cash-to-change-face-of-malindi-836866" target="_blank">Malindi is a popular tourist destination</a> and <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wOyHCJWbtS8" target="_blank">many Italians have invested in the hospitality industry, among other sectors</a>. Perhaps the most famous investor was Italian billionaire
and <a href="https://www.ghafla.com/former-f1-boss-puts-up-worlds-millionaires-club-in-malindi/" target="_blank">former F1 boss Flavio Briatore</a>. As
sleek as a tomato-red Ferrari, the flamboyant Flavio Briatore lives a jet-set
lifestyle that most people can only dream of. He <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MBN-4dMzrbE" target="_blank">has owned property in Kenya</a>
and often visited the sea-side resort with then-girlfriend Super model Naomi
Campbell. (<a href="https://luxuothailand.com/featured/celebrities/flavio-briatore-pregnant-wife-elisabetta-kenya.html" target="_blank">Briatore is currently married to Elisabetta Gregoraci</a>). Naomi’s numerous visits – and her unabashed
love for the country – was a great boost to local tourism. So much so that she
was later officially appointed ‘<a href="https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/entertainment/showbiz/2001399862/naomi-campbell-to-become-magical-kenya-international-tourism-ambassador">Tourism Ambassador</a>’ by the Kenyan Ministry of
Culture!</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">In
an article for <i>The Star</i> newspaper,
titled <a href="https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/lifestyle/design/More-rich-Italians-invest-in-Malindi/4258320-4344686-5yydij/index.html" target="_blank">‘More Rich Italians Invest in Malindi’ (March 16, 2018)</a>, Charles Lwanga wrote:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span><blockquote style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">‘An Italian investor has opened
another multi-million shillings luxurious hotel in Malindi, in addition
to two others he built on the shores of Indian Ocean…Mr Rosso who also owns Diamonds Dream of Africa and Sandies Tropical Village hotels in Malindi says he
is optimistic that the coastal town will soon become the next Miami in Kenya.</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">“The
beautiful beach, a marine park neighbouring Gedi Ruins, Arabuko Sokoke and Tsavo East National Park have made the historical resort town a tourism
destination,” the investor told BDLife while accompanied by his son Paulo Rosso
and daughter Sara Rosso<span> </span></span><span style="font-family: georgia;">—who manage his properties.</span></div><p> <span style="font-family: georgia;">Flavio
Briatore, a former Formula One boss who owns two hotels in Malindi also plans
to set up another property in Mayungu, where he said he has huge tracts of
land. </span><a href="https://www.kenyans.co.ke/news/62981-billionaires-resort-little-known-spot-kenya-loved-celebrities" style="font-family: georgia;" target="_blank">His hotels are frequented by rich tourists</a><span style="font-family: georgia;">, his ex-girlfriend and presumptive
business partner Naomi Campbell and former Italian Prime Minister Silvio
Berlusconi.’</span></p></blockquote><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><o:p><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></o:p><span style="font-family: georgia;">In
an article for <a href="https://www.kenyans.co.ke/news/62987-why-italians-fell-love-malindi" target="_blank">Kenyans.co.ke, titled ‘Why Italians Fell in Love With Malindi</a>’,
Faith writes:</span></p>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><o:p><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></o:p></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">‘They loved
the weather, pristine beaches, warm and welcoming locals and the abundance of
seafood. By the 1970s the Italian community had begun to take shape with many
of them settling in the area and pursuing opportunities in the tourism
industry. By the 1980s and 1990s an estimated 4,000 Italians were residents in
Malindi 30,000 others visiting annually.’</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">It
is a testament to how comfortable Italians feel in Kenya that in 2022, an Italian
man joined the race for Kilifi governor in the General Elections! (Malindi is
in Kilifi County).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><o:p><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span></o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/-obeAWb-3z0" width="320" youtube-src-id="-obeAWb-3z0"></iframe></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="text-align: justify;"><br></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="text-align: justify;">Elsewhere,
the website InterNations have a page where Italian expatriates in Kenya can connect with each other: </span><a href="https://www.internations.org/kenya-expats/italians" style="text-align: justify;" target="_blank">https://www.internations.org/kenya-expats/italians</a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br></div><p style="text-align: left;"></p>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: georgia;">BILATERAL RELATIONS</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="text-align: center;">‘The relations between Italy and Kenya are progressing and deepening, thanks to the increase in the volume of our commercial exchanges and the growing interest of Italian enterprises wishing to invest in Kenya. I take particular pride in the invaluable contribution of the many NGOs and religious men and women who every day stand side by side with the most disadvantaged in this country; and the increased interest coming from Kenyans to study in and visit Italy.’</i><span style="text-align: center;"> - </span><i style="text-align: center;">The Star</i><span style="text-align: center;">, </span><a href="https://www.the-star.co.ke/opinion/columnists/2017-06-02-kenya-italy-relations-deepen/" style="text-align: center;" target="_blank">'Kenya-Italy Relations Deepen</a><span style="text-align: center;">', H. E. Mauro Massoni</span></span><o:p><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></o:p></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><o:p><span style="font-family: georgia;"> <br></span></o:p></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiP8yCOeaZPkS3EektpJu0XuBqxsrSOy-GPgn45SVjqDnqTytpaacDqPaPc-3EdDOD1XS8IaZCcGr_NP_gK8NFT2BERHWKlkqlA98mZsDQcXFi3MPh4Bqk1FvkvGTz_E8h2e9PpJGw9XydENFd9_wrTtbV0rLPq-geSt9sTx8W2Jo0Srn0u-31lLuaSJw/s1118/italy-map.gif" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1118" data-original-width="900" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiP8yCOeaZPkS3EektpJu0XuBqxsrSOy-GPgn45SVjqDnqTytpaacDqPaPc-3EdDOD1XS8IaZCcGr_NP_gK8NFT2BERHWKlkqlA98mZsDQcXFi3MPh4Bqk1FvkvGTz_E8h2e9PpJGw9XydENFd9_wrTtbV0rLPq-geSt9sTx8W2Jo0Srn0u-31lLuaSJw/w322-h400/italy-map.gif" width="322"></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="text-align: left;"> <i> Map of Italy </i> (geology.com)</span> <br></span></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><a href="http://www.embassyofkenya.it/" target="_blank">Kenya has an embassy in Rome</a> while Italy
has an embassy in Nairobi. In 1985 a bilateral agreement between Kenya and
Italy was signed. It covered cooperation in the technical, economic and
development. In 1996, both countries signed the agreement on the promotion and
protection of investments.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">Here
are some examples of high-level Kenyan-Italian co-operation:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">-
In 2021, the <a href="https://www.kenyanews.go.ke/italian-programme-launched-to-boost-kenyan-businesses/" target="_blank">E4Impact accelerator programme</a> - sponsored by the Office of the Italian
Agency for Development Cooperation (AICS) - was launched in Kenya. The aim was
to catalyze the attainment of the United Nations 2030 sustainable development
goals. The accelerator programme will provide Small and Medium Enterprise
businesses (SMEs) with training, linkages with local and international business
connections, seed funding, CT as well as satellite communication services and
office spaces. (<i>Source</i>: Kenya News
Agency)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">-
<a href="https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/counties/article/2001430667/italy-to-spend-sh780m-on-road-projects" target="_blank">Italian ambassador to Kenya H. E. Alberto Pieri announced</a> his
government will spend Sh780 million to rehabilitate dilapidated roads in
Malindi and support the development of the blue economy in Kilifi County.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">-
In 2021, Kenya Exports to Italy were valued US$29.74 million, according to the
United Nations <a href="https://tradingeconomics.com/" target="_blank">COMTRADE database on international trade</a>.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">-
In 2020, Italy exported $358M to Kenya. The main products that Italy exported
to Kenya are Planes, Helicopters, and/or Spacecraft ($138M), Nitrogenous
Fertilizers ($29.5M), and Washing and Bottling Machines ($8.11M). During the
last 25 years the exports of Italy to Kenya have increased at an annualized
rate of 3.27%, from $160M in 1995 to $358M in 2020.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">Also
In 2020, Kenya exported $37.8M to Italy. The main products that Kenya exported
to Italy were Refined Petroleum ($6.5M), Other Processed Fruits and Nuts
($5.11M), and Cut Flowers ($4.16M). During the last 25 years the exports of
Kenya to Italy have decreased at an annualized rate of 0.57%, from $43.6M in
1995 to $37.8M in 2020.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">(<i>Source:</i> <a href="https://oec.world/en/profile/bilateral-country/ita/partner/ken" target="_blank">The Observatory of Economic Complexity</a> )</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><o:p> </o:p>-
In 2015, <a href="https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/business/2015/09/italy-offers-to-extend-and-expand-dept-swap-program/" target="_blank">The Italian Government offers to extend and expand its debt swap program</a>, a move
that will see Kshs 4.2 billion injected into key socio-economic projects in
Kenya. The decision was reached at a meeting between President Uhuru Kenyatta
and Prime Minister Matteo Renzi in Rome, Italy.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">-
In 2013, <a href="https://www.cdcik.it/welcome/?" target="_blank">the Italian-Kenyan Trade Association was founded</a>. The stated aim was ‘to create a
portal for the activation of political, economic and cultural initiatives,
expressions of the emerging specificity of the two countries. The first
important milestone which, among other things, gave an acceleration to the
initiatives of the Association itself, was achieved with the signing of a Mou
with Kenya Invest (body of the Ministry of industrialization with
responsibility for investments and internationalization).’</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">-
Kenyan-Italian ties go beyond economics interests. For example, the <a href="https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/lifestyle/2022/03/22/embassy-of-italy-in-kenya-awards-the-order-of-the-star-of-italy-to-wangu-kanja/" target="_blank">Embassy ofItaly in Kenya awarded The Order of the Star of Italy to Wangu Kanja</a> for
social work. The Wangu Kanja Foundation was created from challenges that the
founder experienced after being raped in a carjacking incident in 2002. Her
traumatic experience led her to the realization that she needed to take action
to address sexual violence by creating awareness and prevention. Since then,
the foundation has worked tirelessly to support women survivors of gender-based
violence by ensuring that survivors have access to comprehensive medical,
psychological and legal support.</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcr3vhsOW6MXcog9n5rjb7M48lEb00kYWFix6o6bsrrixXLZh-yuPzR461hwfS9FHD_lS53xqTOCPqiJdFoh_BTfPwp_s5GXSHoos7tTztUGyHzz5U8AIx_EKBASn9FBHXqb5KwcBakKOQtV2jETXODVpedBqePSVIAg9QWp-zoQJTBYExxanfS7Qzvg/s2048/Wangu.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcr3vhsOW6MXcog9n5rjb7M48lEb00kYWFix6o6bsrrixXLZh-yuPzR461hwfS9FHD_lS53xqTOCPqiJdFoh_BTfPwp_s5GXSHoos7tTztUGyHzz5U8AIx_EKBASn9FBHXqb5KwcBakKOQtV2jETXODVpedBqePSVIAg9QWp-zoQJTBYExxanfS7Qzvg/w400-h266/Wangu.jpg" width="400"></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" style="font-family: georgia;"><i>The Ambassador of Italy, Alberto Pieri, awards Wangu Kanja with the Honour in the Rank of Knight of the Order of the star of Italy.</i> (Photo: <a class="css-4rbku5 css-18t94o4 css-1dbjc4n r-1loqt21 r-1ny4l3l" href="https://mobile.twitter.com/WanguKanja" role="link" target="_blank"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 css-bfa6kz r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0"><span class="css-901oao css-16my406 r-poiln3 r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0">Wangu Kanja Foundation</span></span></a>) </span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b><br></b></span><p style="text-align: left;"></p><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: georgia;">LANGUAGE</span></b></div><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br></span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><o:p><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></o:p><i style="font-family: georgia; text-align: center;">‘I’d love it if I were multi-lingual. If I had many different
languages, I’d be a richer person. </i><span style="font-family: georgia;">- Prof.
Noam Chomsky, Professor of Linguistics, MIT</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">Like
Kiswahili, Africa’s most popular indigenous language, basic Italiano is not
difficult to learn. However, to master any language, one needs an adequate
amount of time and lots of </span><i style="font-family: georgia;">practice</i><span style="font-family: georgia;">.
Also, when it comes to language, there can be different dialects or variations
depending on geographical region and other factors. And since language is a
part of culture and cultures vary, the structure of a language can vary. That’s
important to remember if you’re switching from one language to another:
different language equals different reality. In the quote below, Danielle from </span><i style="font-family: georgia;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/c/LearnItalianfortravel" target="_blank">Learn Italian For Travel </a></i><span style="font-family: georgia;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/c/LearnItalianfortravel" target="_blank">YouTube series</a>
gives us an insight into learning Italian as a second language:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia; text-indent: 36pt;"></span></p><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia; text-indent: 36pt;"></span><blockquote><span style="font-family: georgia; text-indent: 36pt;">‘In Italy, there are actually two different
ways in which you can address people. You can address </span><span style="font-family: georgia; text-indent: 36pt;">them in a </span><b style="font-family: georgia; text-indent: 36pt;">formal
</b><span style="font-family: georgia; text-indent: 36pt;">way or you can address them in an </span><b style="font-family: georgia; text-indent: 36pt;">informal
</b><span style="font-family: georgia; text-indent: 36pt;">way. And this has to do with </span><span style="font-family: georgia; text-indent: 36pt;">different words and different contexts; also
with different verb conjugations. So, when you </span><span style="font-family: georgia; text-indent: 36pt;">don’t know somebody, you’re going to use the
formal form. It’s showing a form of respect.</span><span style="font-family: georgia; text-indent: 36pt;">When you’re good friends with somebody, you’ve
known them for a long time, family – you use </span><span style="font-family: georgia; text-indent: 36pt;">the informal form.’</span></blockquote></div><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">Here’s
an example of those two forms of language work. Let’s say it’s morning hours,
I’m at a conference in Italy, and I want to greet to the stranger next to me. I
would say:</span></div><span style="font-family: georgia; text-indent: 36pt;"></span><p style="text-align: left;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span></b></p><blockquote style="text-align: left;"><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: georgia;">‘Buongiorno,
sono Alexander Nderitu. Piacere di cornoscerla.’<br></span></b><span style="font-family: georgia;">('Good
morning, I’m Alexander Nderitu. Nice to meet you.’)<br></span></div></blockquote><p style="text-align: left;"><o:p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></o:p><span style="font-family: georgia; text-align: justify;">But if I was being informal, I would have said something along the lines of:</span> </p><blockquote style="text-align: left;"><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span><span style="font-family: georgia;"> ‘</span><b style="font-family: georgia;">Ciao, sono Alexander. Piacere di cornoserti.’<br></b><span style="font-family: georgia;">(‘Hi, I’m Alexander. Nice to meet
you.’)</span></div>
</blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"></p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/VeH03PzD25E" width="320" youtube-src-id="VeH03PzD25E"></iframe></span></b></span></span></div><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">Here
are a few more <a href="https://www.rosettastone.com/languages/common-italian-words" target="_blank">common Italian words</a>. I’m sure you’ve heard some of them before,
either in TV/movies or even in actual conversations during mixers:</span></p><blockquote style="border: medium none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b>Ciao = Hi<br></b></span><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b>Grazie = Thanks<br></b></span><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b>Prego - You're welcome<br></b></span><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b>Yes = Si<br></b></span><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b>No = No<br></b></span><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b>Please = Per favore<br></b></span><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b>Excuse me = Mi scusi<br></b></span><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b>Good morning = Buon giorno<br></b></span><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b>Good evening = Buona sera<br></b></span><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b>Good night = Buona notte</b></span></div></blockquote>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">The
best place to learn the Italian language in the country is, of course, the
Italian Cultural Institute (IIC). It is the centre for certification exams for
the knowledge of the Italian language (CELI) issued by the University for
Foreigners of Perugia. The certificates are valid for the workplace and for further
studies. One can also get a lot of extra information from the IIC, eg. about scholarships,
studying in Italy. </span><a href="https://iicnairobi.esteri.it/iic_nairobi/en/imparare_italiano/" style="font-family: georgia;">An excerpt
from the official website of the IIC</a><span style="font-family: georgia;">:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span></p><blockquote style="text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">‘Italian
is a language of culture. Knowing it means having access to a literary heritage
of fundamental importance for global history, gaining the opportunity to
understand a tradition ranging from Dante to Galileo, from the Commedia
dell’arte to contemporary cinema, from opera to design.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><o:p><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></o:p><span style="font-family: georgia;">But it is
also a language of study and work: there are many students who every year
decide to attend our places of knowledge, as well as the managers, scientists,
investors, workers of every field who come into contact with the Italian
industrial, artisan and service world.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><o:p><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></o:p><span style="font-family: georgia;">Italian is
a working language. Managers, investors, technicians, workers, workers come
into contact with the Italian industrial, artisan and service world, which
crosses the borders of our country.’</span></p></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">If
you’re not looking for certification, you just want a basic grasp of Italiano
for travel to Italy or interactions with Italiano speakers, then there are
several great YouTube channels and websites where you can learn the basics. I
particularly recommend ‘<a href="https://www.youtube.com/c/italianpod101/videos" target="_blank">ItalianPod101</a>’ and ‘Learn <a href="https://www.youtube.com/c/LearnItalianfortravel" target="_blank">Italian for Travel(Greetings)</a>’.</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"></p>
<div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></b></div><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><h3><b><span style="font-family: georgia;">LITERATURE</span></b></h3><div><b><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></b></div></div><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></b><o:p><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></o:p><i style="font-family: georgia; text-align: center;">‘There is
no sky as big as this one (in equatorial Africa) anywhere else in the world. It
hangs over you, like some kind of gigantic umbrella, and takes your breath
away.’ – </i><span style="font-family: georgia; text-align: center;">From</span><i style="font-family: georgia; text-align: center;"> Rules of the Wild </i><span style="font-family: georgia; text-align: center;">(novel)</span><i style="font-family: georgia; text-align: center;"> </i><span style="font-family: georgia; text-align: center;">by Francesca Marciano</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia; text-align: center;"> </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhySO9hC913LXgH6PPPW3mfjPdF-wtz68Wn2UFx6i3-J0-mbbWLUdBroK5waJdujqUAteIiRU4wYld2xlChLtTadSqY62RfwowmPSxit-WuLU0u27OxNepGkzC9HE9G0I7X_VeAOfDVR8mDOAhy-SlY8zhYT9MD9eBtazs6JyrFijFFSYSc390K8oHI4w/s901/dantes%20inferno.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="440" data-original-width="901" height="195" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhySO9hC913LXgH6PPPW3mfjPdF-wtz68Wn2UFx6i3-J0-mbbWLUdBroK5waJdujqUAteIiRU4wYld2xlChLtTadSqY62RfwowmPSxit-WuLU0u27OxNepGkzC9HE9G0I7X_VeAOfDVR8mDOAhy-SlY8zhYT9MD9eBtazs6JyrFijFFSYSc390K8oHI4w/w400-h195/dantes%20inferno.jpg" width="400"></a></div>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 21.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 21pt; text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Dante
holding a copy of his <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">'Divine Comedy'</span>
in Michelino's fresco (left) and the cover of the </span></span><a href="http://www.gamespot.com/ps3/action/dantesinferno/similar.html?mode=versions"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">video game</span></span></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">
fashioned from 'Dante’s <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Inferno'</span></span></span></span></i></p>
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:RelyOnVML/>
<o:AllowPNG/>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0in;
mso-para-margin-right:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0in;
text-align:justify;
line-height:150%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
</style>
<![endif]--><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"></p><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia; text-align: justify;">Italy
has a strong literary tradition. What member of the global literary community
has never heard of Dante’s </span><i style="font-family: georgia; text-align: justify;">Divine Comedy,
</i><span style="font-family: georgia; text-align: justify;">for example? I have heard people discuss Dante’s </span><i style="font-family: georgia; text-align: justify;">Inferno </i><span style="font-family: georgia; text-align: justify;">since I was knee high to a puppy!</span></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">Dante
Alighieri, begun his epic poem </span><i style="font-family: georgia;">Divine
Comedy</i><span style="font-family: georgia;"> c. 1308 and completed it 1320, a year before his death. The first
part of this famous 14th-century poem is titled </span><i style="font-family: georgia;">Inferno</i><span style="font-family: georgia;">. It is followed by </span><i style="font-family: georgia;">Purgatorio</i><span style="font-family: georgia;">
and </span><i style="font-family: georgia;">Paradiso</i><span style="font-family: georgia;">. The story told in these
the parts is an allegory telling of the journey of Dante through Hell, guided
by the Roman poet Virgil. In 2010, an action-adventure video game entitled </span><i style="font-family: georgia;">Dante's Inferno</i><span style="font-family: georgia;"> was developed by
Visceral Games and published by Electronic Arts for the Xbox 360 and
PlayStation 3 consoles. The story is based on </span><i style="font-family: georgia;">Inferno,</i><span style="font-family: georgia;"> the first installment of </span><i style="font-family: georgia;">The Divine Comedy</i><span style="font-family: georgia;">.</span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">In
2018, an adaptation of Dante's <i>Divine
Comedy</i>, titled <i>The Sky Over Kibera,</i>
was staged in Kibera slums (Kenya’s biggest ghetto). The project was helmed by Marco
Martinelli (founder Teatro delle Albe of Ravenna, Italy), assisted by Laura
Redaelli. According to the <a href="https://www.avsi.org/en/news/2018/09/19/the-sky-over-kibera-the-divine-comedy-in-the-slum-of-nairobi/1609/" target="_blank">AVSI Foundation website, Martinelli said of the project</a>:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span></p><blockquote><span style="font-family: georgia;">‘The work
on the </span><i style="font-family: georgia;">Divine Comedy</i><span style="font-family: georgia;"> has confirmed to
us how the narrative archetype is universal", explained Martinelli.
"We talked about a man who gets lost in a dark forest, made of fear,
despair, lack of meaning in life. How that man, when he hopes to get out of it,
finds himself devoured by wild beasts and has the strength to understand that
he will not save himself. This is the cry of Dante: have mercy on me. His
invocation to the Creation, to the world, to the Other, has effect: someone
arrives and holds out a hand, helps him to come out into the light. Therefore,
we simply told this story, without the need to face the Dante verses. We have
worked on improvisation, actively involving everyone including teenagers.’</span></blockquote><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span><p></p></div><div style="text-align: justify;">
<div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">There
has been some direct cross-pollination between Italian and Kenyan
writers/literature over the years. Some examples:</span></div><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br></span></div>
<div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">- In 2017, over twenty young Kenyan writers benefited from <a href="https://sugarpulp.it/en/historical-novel-sugarpulp-kenya/" target="_blank">a literary workshop on the craft of the historical nove</a>l. The event was a collaboration between the Italian Cultural Institute in Nairobi in and the University of Nairobi and Chronicae - International Festival of Historical Novel (Piove di Sacco, Italy). </span></div><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br></span></div><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/4kRWNZp8W7Y" width="320" youtube-src-id="4kRWNZp8W7Y"></iframe></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">The trainers included Carlo A. Martigli, Matteo Ogliari, Ilaria Macconi Heckner and Giacomo Brunoro. The centerpiece was a short story writing competition culminating in a '<a href="https://sugarpulp.it/en/tito-livio-award/" target="_blank">Tito Livio Award</a>'. The winner, Vera Omwocha, got a return air-ticket to Italy, board and lodging for four days and participation in the 4th edition of the prestigious Chronicae Literary Festival in Padua, Italy, in 2018.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg212o8qKhgwMDXB6UEXUBU_5Uopq8j4c-l9Sx_aFRy560_7o4OiUokejN0LPQ21mraqO-sVuKRy97RPAxP_H5YW29g8YSfGxe1FmyIqboVDIVQbDZ7wGHYB-rHLZudGGA1Zss2CXp79aixR6AW8l_zQ7Q9t0ssZMafPbuy0PhwSJHdhIuN3lQyl8ZtfA/s2048/Tito%20Livio%20Award.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg212o8qKhgwMDXB6UEXUBU_5Uopq8j4c-l9Sx_aFRy560_7o4OiUokejN0LPQ21mraqO-sVuKRy97RPAxP_H5YW29g8YSfGxe1FmyIqboVDIVQbDZ7wGHYB-rHLZudGGA1Zss2CXp79aixR6AW8l_zQ7Q9t0ssZMafPbuy0PhwSJHdhIuN3lQyl8ZtfA/w400-h266/Tito%20Livio%20Award.jpg" width="400"></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i>Vera Omwocha (centre) at the Chronicae Historical Fiction Festival in Italy. With her are (L - R): Carlo A. Martigli (writer, lecturer, screenwriter and journalist), Francesca Chiesa (former Director of Culture at the Italian Embassy in Kenya), Matteo Ogliari (historian) and Giacomo Brunoro (president of Sugarpulp Cultural Association).</i></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">-
Prof. Shaul Bassi, <span> professor of English and postcolonial literature at the Ca' Foscari University of Venice, </span><span>has over the years organized Italian residences for promising Kenyan writers. Beneficiaries include former <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Shahidi-Asiyekusudiwa/dp/8871582047" target="_blank">Kwani?</a> editor Billy Kahora and journalist/novelist Tony Mochama</span><span>. Regarding his experience as a </span><span style="text-align: justify;"><span>writer-in-residence at the Ca Foscari University</span></span><span>, </span><span><a href="https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/sunday-magazine/article/2000083894/the-importance-of-time-and-solitude-in-matters-literary" target="_blank">Tony Mochama wrote in <i>The Standard</i></a>:</span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><blockquote><div><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span>'But alone in Venezia, at least for the first and last week of my month-long stay, I have come to forgive naturalists, and embrace the poets and writers given to solitude, being a rather ebullient if eccentric figure myself (or so I have been told)!</span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span><br></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span>“Far from the madding crowds ignoble strife,” quote the poet, and far from noisy Nairobi, it is true that poetry flowed from the pen like a raging flood in Budalangi. So, I asked myself, why more creativity here than there?'</span></span></div></blockquote><div><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span></div></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i> </i>- The
Italian crime novel, <i>Involuntary Witness</i>
(2002) by <a href="https://nairobinow.wordpress.com/tag/gianrico-carofiglio/" target="_blank">Gianrico Carofiglio</a>, was translated into Kiswahili, as <i><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Shahidi-Asiyekusudiwa/dp/8871582047" target="_blank">Shahidi Asyekusudiwa</a></i>, by Graziella
Acquaviva in 2013. If you love John Grisham-esque thrillers, you’ll enjoy Gianrico Carofiglio’s work. Even in translation, the narratives
are quite gripping.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><o:p><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></o:p><span style="font-family: georgia;">Some
famous Kenyan-based books written by Italians:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><o:p><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></o:p><span style="font-family: georgia;">- Kuki Gallman left Italy for Kenya in the
1980’s, along with her husband, Paolo, and son,
Emanuele. Paolo would later die tragically and Emanuele would follow later,
after being bitten by one of his own pet snakes. Kuki has written several books
about her life in Kenya, including </span><i style="font-family: georgia;">African
Nights</i><span style="font-family: georgia;">, </span><i style="font-family: georgia;">Night of the Lions</i><span style="font-family: georgia;"> and </span><i style="font-family: georgia;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Idk7EgjUQv0" target="_blank">I Dreamt of Africa</a> </i><span style="font-family: georgia;">(which was filmed
starring Kim Basinger as Kuki).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><o:p><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></o:p><i style="font-family: georgia;">- <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Rules-Wild-Africa-Francesca-Marciano/dp/0375703438" target="_blank">Rules of the Wild</a></i><span style="font-family: georgia;"><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Rules-Wild-Africa-Francesca-Marciano/dp/0375703438" target="_blank"> by
Francesca Marciano</a>, a kind of modern-day </span><i style="font-family: georgia;">Out
of Africa, </i><span style="font-family: georgia;">obviously semi-autobiographical.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">Incidentally,
my first novel, </span><i style="font-family: georgia;"><a href="https://africainwords.com/2021/05/12/qa-alexander-nderitu-trailblazing-when-the-whirlwind-passes-from-digital-to-print/" target="_blank">When the Whirlwind Passes</a></i><span style="font-family: georgia;"><a href="https://africainwords.com/2021/05/12/qa-alexander-nderitu-trailblazing-when-the-whirlwind-passes-from-digital-to-print/" target="_blank">
</a>(2001), was inspired by a true-life Italian crime story I read about in the </span><i style="font-family: georgia;">Daily Nation </i><span style="font-family: georgia;">circa 1998.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><o:p><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></o:p></p>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-family: georgia;">FASHION<o:p></o:p></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br></span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><o:p><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></o:p><i style="font-family: georgia; text-align: center;">‘There is
a signature to Italian fashion that goes beyond a “Made in Italy” label. There
is know-how and a level of understanding. That’s why so many fashion prototypes
are still made in Italy. Italians are industrially nimble. They’re intuitive
and good at finding solutions. Say a designer says, “I want to put a ton of
Swarovski crystals on a see-though shirt.” In the United States, manufacturers
would just say, “What?” In Italy, they would never say, “No, this is crazy!”
There is a maybe. There is never a no.’ </i><span style="font-family: georgia; text-align: center;">- </span><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/20/fashion/italiana-italy-exhibit-milan-fashion-week.html" style="font-family: georgia; text-align: center;">Stefano
Tonchi, editor of <i>W</i> magazine</a></div><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjw8l88hGRoxyz9S3Oa8mbzk4FWnFxGHKAKxTMHqJ-5RrgOHsKT4hJ-vsbom9PjPadl2zqxXRtHXLEfew0Z7FViG_eaam_yHKETJ00a5gahIjB905-v-k4_PV9j30aY8Oma9qQdu10XJo45l53Bah4m_dJ3FuLzrxBtflLE8TRdBD-_xAga6BUs6Ev0BA/s596/maasia%20inspired.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="443" data-original-width="596" height="297" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjw8l88hGRoxyz9S3Oa8mbzk4FWnFxGHKAKxTMHqJ-5RrgOHsKT4hJ-vsbom9PjPadl2zqxXRtHXLEfew0Z7FViG_eaam_yHKETJ00a5gahIjB905-v-k4_PV9j30aY8Oma9qQdu10XJo45l53Bah4m_dJ3FuLzrxBtflLE8TRdBD-_xAga6BUs6Ev0BA/w400-h297/maasia%20inspired.jpg" width="400"></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span>Maasai-inspired couture in Louis Vuitton’s 2012 Spring-Summer collection</span> </span></i></span></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">(</span><span>Photo: Louis Vuitton)</span></i></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><div></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">It’s
no wonder that Italy is a fashion trendsetter – the entire country is shaped
like a boot! Officially, there are four ‘fashion capitals’ in the world: New
York, London, Paris, and Milan. But Milan – or Italy in general - is the one
most associated with cutting-edge fashion. Think of 10 global fashion brands
off the top of your head. Most of them are Italian, aren’t they? (Gucci, Louis
Vuitton, Dolce & Gabbana, Giorgio Armani, Fendi, Prada, Versace, Roberto
Cavalli, Benetton etc)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">While
Kenyan fashionistas look up to Italian fashion labels, Italian designers have
also drawn inspiration from the beauty and majesty of Kenyan landscapes and
traditional Kenyan cultures. For instance,</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">The <a href="https://jambonewspot.wordpress.com/2011/07/04/2012-louis-vuitton-spring-summer-collecton-inspired-by-masaai-shukas/" target="_blank">Louis Vuitton 2012 Spring-Summer collection</a> was clearly inspired by traditional
Maasai garb. <a href="http://maasaiwilderness.org/maasai/" target="_blank">The Maasai </a>(East Africa’s best-known tribe) are mostly found in
Kenya and neigbouring Tanzania. Their traditional attires are astounding in
their colour, accessories, and detail. Even the men will be decked out is
earrings, beaded necklaces, bangles, head bands, red ochre in the hair, sandals
etc and still look masculine. It’s a very colourful and admirable culture. What
may come as a shock to foreigners is that the Maasai appeared in Africa
relative recently (remember that Africa was the first continent to be populated
by humans). From <i><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q9jMXp64VbE&list=PLGhoCBKl_vuA5zgtuZw9llytUX68YJh5f" target="_blank">Unnatural Histories –Serengeti</a>, a </i>BBC documentary:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span></p><blockquote><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span>'The most recent people to arrive in
the area (Serengeti and its environs) have in many ways become the most iconic:
the Maasai. Arriving from the north of
Kenya and Sudan as recently as the 1800s.'</span></span></blockquote><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">Their
exact origins remain obscure. However, it is suspected that cross-breeding
between Roman soldiers in northern Africa and Nubians (dark-skinned North
Africans) gave rise to this nomadic community which then travelled southwards
to their current locales. </span><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Beautiful-People-Mohamed-Willetts-Duncan/dp/B002CCNETI" target="_blank"><i><span style="font-family: georgia;">The Beautiful
People</span><span style="font-family: georgia;"> of </span><span style="font-family: georgia;">Kenya</span></i></a><span style="font-family: georgia;"> - a guide book by
Mohamed Amin, Duncan Willets, and Brian Tetley – is one of the many sources
that espouse this view. A snippet:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span></p><blockquote><span style="font-family: georgia;">‘Yet, striding across the dusty
plains, clad only in loose-flowing red robe, spear in hand, skin </span><span style="font-family: georgia;">oiled and
gleaming, hair slicked down with a spat of "Brylceem" ochre, the Maasai
initiate is the very celebration of the romantic cliché of the African warrior:
the epitome of grace and nobility, an ancient Aristocrat often thought to be
o<a href="https://saruni.com/the-maasai/" target="_blank">ne of the lost legions of (Mark) Anthony</a>. Certainly no other community in
Kenya has had so much written about or observed about them as these nomadic pastoralists who swept south towards their present home during the last 500
years.’</span></blockquote><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">The
Maasai warrior class (the ‘Morans’) have been compared to ancient Roman
warriors or gladiators. Some say, it’s not a coincidence. And one day, DNA
diagnostics might answer the pressing question of which genetics merged to
produce the famous Maasi people.</span><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">In
2016, the fashion of Valentino did a promotional Spring - Summer Campaign that
captured stunning vistas of Kenya and Maasai culture. The photos and videos
were widely shared online. In<a href="https://www.fashiongonerogue.com/valentino-spring-2016-campaign/"> an
article titled ‘Valentino Captures Spring 2016 Campaign in Kenya’</a>,
FashionGoneRogue.com described the promotion thus:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: georgia; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">‘With its spring 2016 runway show
inspired by Africa, Valentino designers Maria Grazia Chiuri and Pierpaolo
Piccioli staged the new season’s campaign in the Amboseli National Park in
Kenya. The Italian label tapped Stephen McCurry, a photographer who is most
famous for his “Afghan Girl” <i>National Geographic</i> cover. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: georgia; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">The full cast of model stars Alice
Metza, Cameron Traiber, Greta Varlese, Kirin Dejonckheere and Tami Williams.
Also featured in the advertisements are the Maasai people. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div style="margin-left: 36pt;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">McCurry told </span><a href="http://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/bridget-foley-diary-valentino-spring-ads-africa-steve-mccurry-10306649/" target="_blank"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">WWD</span></a><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> about shooting the campaign, “The idea of these pictures is to
take the viewer on a journey. The clothes were inspired by African motifs, [so]
to take the shoot to Africa and show how these things interact and, this
connection of the clothes, the models, the environment, the local people; I
thought it was a great endeavor.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-no-proof: yes;"><v:shape alt="WTFSG_valentino-spring-2016_8.jpg" id="Picture_x0020_3" o:spid="_x0000_i1028" style="height: 258.75pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 396.75pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="WTFSG_valentino-spring-2016_8" src="file:///C:\Users\user\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.jpg">
</v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnZaQDkegEKWPYcGLfsSxGLeLs7vyq-KqbT3UHl0I44gzRemCNZBuAP9TWAbvwGR58h1YFmvOrShbIyXZVYTx6ooJMie6BMKFvf-NjtLmtLixk10lp3Bt9zA0igQfWcRuz-XbTWEpfV8amTgda-AsKwiwK3xcuDXqEagv83GPR5DMILY6XPRBquhisOQ/s700/WTFSG_valentino-spring-2016_8.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="456" data-original-width="700" height="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnZaQDkegEKWPYcGLfsSxGLeLs7vyq-KqbT3UHl0I44gzRemCNZBuAP9TWAbvwGR58h1YFmvOrShbIyXZVYTx6ooJMie6BMKFvf-NjtLmtLixk10lp3Bt9zA0igQfWcRuz-XbTWEpfV8amTgda-AsKwiwK3xcuDXqEagv83GPR5DMILY6XPRBquhisOQ/w400-h260/WTFSG_valentino-spring-2016_8.jpg" width="400"></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-family: georgia; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">BEAUTIFUL PEOPLE: Notice the ancient-Roman-soldier-esque look of the leaping Morans</span></i></td></tr></tbody></table><br><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia; text-align: justify;">In
2021, Maison Valentino announced that they would work with Kenyan writer, actor
and comedian Elsa Majimbo in “a special project with culminating into a soon-to-be-released
collaboration.” For her part Elsa posted, “It’s absolutely insane to me that
less than a year into my career I get to collaborate with one of the biggest
designers in the world !!!”</span></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">I
feel that the area of fashion is a gold mine that has barely been scratched. There could be so many more fashion
collaborations between Kenya and Italy: fashion workshops, fashion shows, model
exchange programs, Kenya-Italy Fashion Week etc. It would be a natural fit. Nairobians are
exceptionally fashion forward (especially) the ladies. In addition, a lot of
raw materials are readily available. We even have prominent colleges that teach
fashion, style and modelling, such as Evelyn College of Design and Vera Beauty
College. Kenya also has a ready source of raw materials for fashion and
accessories. These include cotton, skins and hides, gemstones, sisal, horns and
various metals. We also have <a href="https://www.instagram.com/nairobifashionhub/">home-grown fashioned labels</a>. With
Italian support, I am certain we can establish Nairobi City as a (perhaps even
‘the’) ‘fashion capital of Africa’. This would also create various employment
opportunities along the value chain. A good example of such co-operation was
demonstrated by the “Mama Lorenza" Bernasconi (R.I.P) Vocational Centre.
An excerpt from an article titled ‘<a href="https://www.malindikenya.net/en/articles/social/solidarity/swiss-italian-solidarity-in-kenyaand-fashion.html">Swiss-Italian
Solidarity In Kenya...And Fashion’, published online by MalindiKenya.net</a>: </span></p><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">‘The
opening of Mama Lorenza's Vocational Centre was intended to provide girls with
an opportunity for professional and social integration, and two years ago we
opened Emèl, a women's social enterprise that produces and sells high-quality
leather and textile products and is led by some of the students who have
graduated. Emèl's ambition is to offer secure and challenging employment to
girls who have graduated from vocational school. In order to make the company
financially self-sufficient and to be able to welcome more and more girls into
the team, since last year we have decided to expand sales in Europe, starting
with Switzerland."<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><o:p><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">The latest
initiative of the organization has found the support of international designers
such as Andrea Renieri (Ferragamo), Luigi Mulas and Silvia Stefanucci (Academy
of Costume and Fashion) who have designed the line of bags and accessories
(following the realization) that can be purchased from April on the Emèl
website and the success of the vocational school can be seen by the fact that
at least 200 of the 214 graduates have immediately found work.’<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-family: georgia;">THEATRE /PERFORMANCE ARTS<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br></span></b></div>
<div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><o:p><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></o:p><i style="font-family: georgia; text-align: center;">‘Look at this: surrounded by Italian singers. Have you
noticed</i><i style="font-family: georgia;">, folks, </i><i style="font-family: georgia;">that in our business (American showbiz), most the comedians are Jewish and most of the singers are Italian?’</i><span style="font-family: georgia;"> – American comedian Red Buttons, on TV’s </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E5LGCTC9zBw" target="_blank"><i style="font-family: georgia;">Celebrity Roast of Frank Sinatra</i><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></a></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><o:p><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span></o:p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMzrWcyuUyxCcAYR00pMbVNKnbcyzl1FPZwL8LWwLZICUXwpL5bblpzDOQCz1-Hjus_mu_oDImTWR-abO1b74RkR8ivmSdrIwRnsCfqPRfRdoVgnw-xQivtLALho8CpFN9CoNk66Up4-eJxWhkE4FmpN4VNQfa_Rn4ieT8Ap3WnSVbRDyYHMy1jEdQiA/s260/I%20SOLISTI%20VENETI%20%E2%80%93%20LIVE%20IN%20KENYA.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="146" data-original-width="260" height="146" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMzrWcyuUyxCcAYR00pMbVNKnbcyzl1FPZwL8LWwLZICUXwpL5bblpzDOQCz1-Hjus_mu_oDImTWR-abO1b74RkR8ivmSdrIwRnsCfqPRfRdoVgnw-xQivtLALho8CpFN9CoNk66Up4-eJxWhkE4FmpN4VNQfa_Rn4ieT8Ap3WnSVbRDyYHMy1jEdQiA/s1600/I%20SOLISTI%20VENETI%20%E2%80%93%20LIVE%20IN%20KENYA.png" width="260"></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: georgia;">I Solisti Veneti performing live in Kenya</span></i></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia; text-align: justify;"></span></div><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia; text-align: justify;">On
6th December 2013, as Kenya celebrated 50 years of independence, the Italian
classical music orchestra <a href="https://solistiveneti.it/" target="_blank">I Solisti Veneti</a> performed at the Oshwal Centre in
Nairobi. The concert was concert organized by the Italian Embassy. Here’s a
brief bio of the legendary performers, gleaned from </span><a href="https://nairobinow.wordpress.com/2013/11/29/charity-concert-by-renowned-ensemble-i-solisti-veneti-dec-6-2013-oshwal-centre/" style="font-family: georgia; text-align: justify;">NairobiNow
blog</a><span style="font-family: georgia; text-align: justify;">:</span></div><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia; text-align: justify;"> </span></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">‘The “I
Solisti Veneti” orchestra which was founded and directed (to this day) by
Claudio Scimone in 1959, quickly reached worldwide fame and obtained
unconditional enthusiasm by audiences and the critics alike. To its name are
almost 6.000 concerts in over 80 countries, participation to the Major
International Festivals (more than 30 concerts at the Salzburg Festival), an
impressive discography of over 350 titles on LP, CD and DVD editions and a wide
range of musical and historical as well as cultural and promotional activities…<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><o:p><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></o:p></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">The
highest awards in the music world were conferred to “I Solisti Veneti “and to
Claudio Scimone: Grammy Award, several Grand Prix du Disque and the ‘ Academie
du Disque Lyrique’, a number of awards from Discography Critics in Italy and
other countries. The brilliant award of the Festival Bar with 350,000 votes
from the youngest listeners. In 2008 at the Teatro La Fenice in Venice they
were awarded the Arthur Rubinstein Foundation Association prize “Una vita nella
musica” (“A life in music”) which is considered by the international critics to
be the Nobel Prize of music.’</span><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">There
have been other Italian orchestra and opera performances in Kenya over the
years. In 2011, world renowned maestro, Riccardo Muti and his crew gave
a charity concert in Nairobi. It was dubbed ‘the biggest ever classical music
extravaganza in East Africa’. He played some of the most famous arias of
Italian opera, from Norma (Bellini) to Rigoletto (Verdi) and the Harmonic Hall
of Piacenza.</span></p><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjE6_IPsOK4WU-e_4kkDl1X9yc5ObGTMrBWo7h4zFuw_ELnnL3jFKBcead_VVGy06zHQOUyNXIVsYyaDVYbTIpVE3KKfDy0UYGnx8bPiMwDZ1b_XC3HOozOM81PmVG_hn6YHTOOnAujWteiVztI95sp1Ty3y9Na1GTHHDlawkXbpTnsEkQwdW8lvQNGFQ/s990/Italian,%20Riccardo.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="660" data-original-width="990" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjE6_IPsOK4WU-e_4kkDl1X9yc5ObGTMrBWo7h4zFuw_ELnnL3jFKBcead_VVGy06zHQOUyNXIVsYyaDVYbTIpVE3KKfDy0UYGnx8bPiMwDZ1b_XC3HOozOM81PmVG_hn6YHTOOnAujWteiVztI95sp1Ty3y9Na1GTHHDlawkXbpTnsEkQwdW8lvQNGFQ/w400-h266/Italian,%20Riccardo.jpg" width="400"></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-family: georgia;">MAESTRO: Riccardo Muti (third from right) and Members of His Orchestra In Kenya (AFP PHOTO/Tony Karumba)</span></i></td></tr></tbody></table><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><o:p><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></o:p></div><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia; text-align: justify;">There
have also been joint programs such as the ‘</span><a href="https://iicnairobi.esteri.it/iic_nairobi/en/gli_eventi/calendario/musiche-italiane-artisti-keniani.html" style="font-family: georgia; text-align: justify;">Italian
Music Kenyan Artists</a><span style="font-family: georgia; text-align: justify;">’ event which was held at the Italian
Institute of Culture.</span><span style="font-family: georgia; text-align: justify;"> </span></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">I
was surprised to learn that the debut performance of <i><a href="https://barakaoperatrust.com/ondieki-the-fisherman" target="_blank">Ondieki the Fisherman </a></i>(Kenya’s first musical/opera) had an Italian
touch. Anne Manyara, member of the International Association of Theatre Critics
wrote <a href="http://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/magazine/Ondieki-the-Fisherman--Kenya-first-ever-opera/434746-1399538-vhw4hyz/index.html">in <i>The East African</i> newspaper</a>:</span></p><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">‘In Act II
of the opera <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pvzCMML88mw" target="_blank"><i>Tosca </i>(1900) by Giacomo
Puccini</a> (1858-1924), the chief of police Baron Scarpia tells the famous singer
Floria Tosca that if she agrees to sleep with him, he will release from prison
her lover, Mario Cavaradossi.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt;"><o:p><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">Distraught
at finding herself in such a difficult situation, she sings <i>Vissi d’arte</i> (‘I Lived For Art’)
lamenting “I lived for art, I lived for love... in the hour of grief, why,
Lord, why dost thou reward me thus?”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt;"><o:p><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">As a
curtain raiser at the gala night of the first ever Kenyan opera <i>Ondieki the Fisherman</i>, Rhoda Ondeng’
Wilhelmsen sang this famous aria, <i>Vissi
d’arte</i>. Even though these particular circumstances were far more appealing
than Tosca’s, the title of the song must have rung true for Ondeng’ Wilhelmsen,
because this is a woman who has certainly lived for art.’ <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><o:p><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></o:p></p>
<div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-family: georgia;">FOOD – A Taste of Culture</span></b></div><b><span style="font-family: georgia;"> <br></span></b><i><span style="font-family: georgia;">‘You won
tournaments before Black men could compete, are you kidding me?<br></span></i><i><span style="font-family: georgia;">That’s
like winning a pasta contest without Italy!’<br></span></i><span style="font-family: georgia;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> <i>'</i></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YtO-6Xg3g2M" target="_blank"><i><!--[endif]-->Lance
Armstrong vs Babe Ruth</i>, Epic Rap Battles of History</a></span><o:p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br></span></o:p><b></b><o:p><span style="font-family: georgia;"> <br><div style="text-align: justify;">Ah,
Italians and pasta! We have had so much about them from popular culture.
But there’s more to Italian food than pasta! There a quite a number
of places where one can sample Italian cuisine locally. The best known place is
probably the Trattoria, near the Nairobi County Gov’t buildings.</div></span></o:p><i><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMds8vrtsw4zX0v1VLVN8lkdbobpKwvjDjIbFCNkUFW-mZ_9i9s3EsPbbvIUW2ntumDbAWohi77WCETcJ-YhneDGeBl4M7B7NUeoeqMaGTP1JyNga93HZexotpwznb4qwBs0ujToNjO6jeOUV1b_LpUdXMjNZL0kbpNkaojEvEn0xzkSMo8TWFp2WoFQ/s800/Pizza-1-1.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="463" data-original-width="800" height="231" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMds8vrtsw4zX0v1VLVN8lkdbobpKwvjDjIbFCNkUFW-mZ_9i9s3EsPbbvIUW2ntumDbAWohi77WCETcJ-YhneDGeBl4M7B7NUeoeqMaGTP1JyNga93HZexotpwznb4qwBs0ujToNjO6jeOUV1b_LpUdXMjNZL0kbpNkaojEvEn0xzkSMo8TWFp2WoFQ/w400-h231/Pizza-1-1.png" width="400"></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">The Trattoria restaurant on Kaunda Street, Nairobi, is a hot ticket for Italian food.</span></i><i><br><div><br></div></i></td></tr></tbody></table></i><div style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia; text-align: justify;">In
May 2022, </span><a href="https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/business/2022/05/artcaffe-market-launches-italian-month-of-may/" style="font-family: georgia; text-align: justify;">the Artcaffé Market launched ‘the Italian month’</a><span style="font-family: georgia; text-align: justify;">, inviting Kenyans to get a taste of Italian
culture and cuisine exclusively at Rhapta Square. The experience ran from May 1
to May 31. On offer were ‘different tasting experiences and events to bring to
life the diverse nature of Italian cuisine, including Italian street food,
pizza and beer, the art of Apertivo and many more.’</span><span style="font-family: georgia; text-align: justify;"> </span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia; text-align: justify;"><br></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia; text-align: justify;">Below is a list of places that either specialize in or offer Italian gastronomic delights. Please note that this is not an exhaustive list as it is normal for restaurants to pop up or close down over the years. (Some might also be temporarily closed due to COVID-19 impact). </span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia; text-align: justify;"><br></span></div></div></div></div><blockquote style="border: medium none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><div style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: georgia; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">1. </span><span style="font-family: georgia; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"> </span><a href="https://trattoria.co.ke/" style="font-family: georgia; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">Trattoria Ristorante & Pizzeria</a></div></div></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><div style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">2.</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: -18pt;"> </span><a href="https://www.tripadvisor.com/Restaurant_Review-g294207-d5038688-Reviews-360_Degrees_Pizza_ABC_Place-Nairobi.html" style="text-indent: -18pt;">360
Degrees Pizza, ABC Place</a></div></span></div></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><div style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">3.</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: -18pt;"> </span><a href="https://www.tripadvisor.com/Restaurant_Review-g294207-d15360946-Reviews-La_Terrazza_Italian_Restaurant_Lounge_Art_Gallery-Nairobi.html" style="text-indent: -18pt;">La
Terrazza Italian Restaurant, Lounge & Art Gallery</a></div></span></div></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><div style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">4.</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: -18pt;"> </span><a href="https://www.tripadvisor.com/Restaurant_Review-g294207-d1141042-Reviews-Artcaffe-Nairobi.html" style="text-indent: -18pt;">Artcaffe</a></div></span></div></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><div style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">5.</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: -18pt;"> </span><a href="https://www.tripadvisor.com/Restaurant_Review-g294207-d4209665-Reviews-Mambo_Italia_Lavington-Nairobi.html" style="text-indent: -18pt;">Mambo
Italia, Lavington</a></div></span></div></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><div style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">7.</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: -18pt;"> </span><a href="https://www.tripadvisor.com/Restaurant_Review-g294207-d6276115-Reviews-Asmara_Restaurant_Westlands-Nairobi.html" style="text-indent: -18pt;">Asmara
Restaurant, Westlands</a></div></span></div></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><div style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">8.</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: -18pt;"> </span><a href="https://www.tripadvisor.com/Restaurant_Review-g294207-d12088461-Reviews-Utamu_Restaurant-Nairobi.html" style="text-indent: -18pt;">Utamu
Restaurant</a></div></span></div></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><div style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">9.</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: -18pt;"> </span><a href="https://www.tripadvisor.com/Restaurant_Review-g294207-d950947-Reviews-Mediterraneo-Nairobi.html" style="text-indent: -18pt;">Mediterraneo</a></div></span></div></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><div style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">10.</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: -18pt;"> </span><a href="https://www.tripadvisor.com/Restaurant_Review-g294207-d10140471-Reviews-La_Cascina-Nairobi.html" style="text-indent: -18pt;">La Cascina</a></div></span></div></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><div style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">11.</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: -18pt;"> </span><a href="https://www.tripadvisor.com/Restaurant_Review-g294207-d8084433-Reviews-The_Arbor-Nairobi.html" style="text-indent: -18pt;">The Arbor</a></div></span></div></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><div style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">12.</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: -18pt;"> </span><a href="https://www.tripadvisor.com/Restaurant_Review-g294207-d1082559-Reviews-Osteria_del_Chianti-Nairobi.html" style="text-indent: -18pt;">Osteria
del Chianti</a></div></span></div></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><div style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">13.</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: -18pt;"> </span><a href="https://www.tripadvisor.com/Restaurant_Review-g294207-d4040718-Reviews-La_Dolce_Vita-Nairobi.html" style="text-indent: -18pt;">La Dolce
Vita</a></div></span></div></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><div style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">14.</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: -18pt;"> </span><a href="https://www.tripadvisor.com/Restaurant_Review-g294207-d21337424-Reviews-Gg_s_Italian_Pizzeria-Nairobi.html" style="text-indent: -18pt;">Gg's
Italian Pizzeria</a></div></span></div></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><div style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">15.</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: -18pt;"> </span><a href="https://www.tripadvisor.com/Restaurant_Review-g294207-d2386446-Reviews-Osteria_Gigiri-Nairobi.html" style="text-indent: -18pt;">Osteria
Gigiri</a></div></span></div></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><div style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">16.</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: -18pt;"> </span><a href="https://www.tripadvisor.com/Restaurant_Review-g294207-d12612615-Reviews-La_Cantina_Ristopizza_Wine-Nairobi.html" style="text-indent: -18pt;">La Cantina
- Ristopizza & Wine</a></div></span></div></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><div style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">17.</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: -18pt;"> </span><a href="https://www.tripadvisor.com/Restaurant_Review-g12559418-d23441650-Reviews-Matteo_s-Karen_Nairobi.html" style="text-indent: -18pt;">Matteo's</a></div></span></div></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><div style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">18.</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: -18pt;"> </span><a href="https://www.tripadvisor.com/Restaurant_Review-g294207-d6778017-Reviews-Pomodoro-Nairobi.html" style="text-indent: -18pt;">Pomodoro</a></div></span></div></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><div style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">19.</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: -18pt;"> </span><a href="https://www.tripadvisor.com/Restaurant_Review-g294207-d17189045-Reviews-Il_Giocoliere-Nairobi.html" style="text-indent: -18pt;">Il
Giocoliere</a></div></span></div></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><div style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">20.</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: -18pt;"> </span><a href="https://www.tripadvisor.com/Restaurant_Review-g294207-d17313994-Reviews-Panarottis_Kenya-Nairobi.html" style="text-indent: -18pt;">Panarottis
Kenya</a></div></span></div></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><div style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">21.</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: -18pt;"> </span><a href="https://www.tripadvisor.com/Restaurant_Review-g294207-d15187440-Reviews-Marketplace-Nairobi.html" style="text-indent: -18pt;">Marketplace</a></div></span></div></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><div style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">22.</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: -18pt;"> </span><a href="https://www.tripadvisor.com/Restaurant_Review-g15517142-d13837119-Reviews-Pizzeria_Il_Portico-Lavington_Nairobi.html" style="text-indent: -18pt;">Pizzeria
Il Portico</a></div></span></div></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><div style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">23.</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: -18pt;">
</span><a href="https://www.tripadvisor.com/Restaurant_Review-g294207-d6507827-Reviews-Lucca-Nairobi.html" style="text-indent: -18pt;">Lucca</a> </div></span></div></div></div></blockquote><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><div style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-indent: -18pt;"> 24.</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal; text-indent: -18pt;"> </span><a href="https://www.tripadvisor.com/Restaurant_Review-g294207-d1945635-Reviews-La_Salumeria-Nairobi.html" style="text-indent: -18pt;">La
Salumeria</a><b> </b> <br></div></span></div></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><div style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br><div><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/C-cfrgZFrI4" width="320" youtube-src-id="C-cfrgZFrI4"></iframe></b></span> <br></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><div style="text-align: justify;">As with fashion, Italy also produces some world-class wines. An insight from <a href="http://Wine-Searcher.com" target="_blank">Wine-Searcher.com</a>:</div></span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span></p><blockquote style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">'Very
generally speaking, Piedmont's Barolo and Tuscany's Chianti Classico
regions are considered to produce some of Italy's greatest wines.
However, Italy's wine production is so vast (it is the world's largest
wine producer) and varied, nominating any one region as the best is a
recipe for antagonism. Even within Piedmont, Barbaresco could challenge
Barolo, and in Tuscany, Brunello di Montalcino and Vino Nobile di
Montepulciano could challenge Chianti. Some will point to Amarone della
Valpolicella, others the idiosyncratic wines of Etna or Collio
Goriziano.' </span></blockquote><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">Italian wines are locally available. One point of sale is the <a href="https://www.enoteca.agency/" target="_blank">Enoteca in Nairob</a>i. Their website describes the establishment thus:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span></p><blockquote style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">‘</span><span style="border: 1pt none windowtext; font-family: georgia; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0cm; padding: 0cm;">The
Italian word Enoteca is derived from the Greek Οινοθήκη, which
literally means ”wine repository” but is used by Italians to describe a
special type of wine shop. Enoteca in Nairobi has been operating since
the beginning of 2011 as an importer and distributor of representative
products from Italy. We sell wine, pasta and other Italian
confectionaries.’ <br></span></blockquote><b><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-family: georgia;">SPORTS<o:p></o:p></span></b></div></div></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/H4wcVIoVUM4" width="320" youtube-src-id="H4wcVIoVUM4"></iframe></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">Sports is probably the most underrated area of Italian interaction with Kenya. There are plenty of Italians actively or competitively engaged in various sports on Kenyan soil. Both countries have been known to produce world-beating athletes, but in different sports. Kenya is world-famous for producing the world’s greatest long-distance runners. No exaggeration. Marathoners and trainers come from all over the world to look for our secret(s). Foreign nations offer citizenships to promising Kenyan runners so that they can stand a chance of appearing on the medals tables of prestigious athletics events. There’s even a book titled <i><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Running-Kenyans-Discovering-Secrets-Fastest/dp/0345528808" target="_blank">Running With the Kenyans: Discovering the Secrets of the Fastest People on Earth.</a></i> The greatest marathoner of all time (officially) is Kenyan runner Eliud Kipchoge. Incidentally, Kipchoge’s initial attempt to break the sub-two-hour world marathon record took place in Italy. It was sponsored by Nike shoe company and dubbed Breaking2. He completed the challenge in just over two hours, which was stellar but not a victory. (He later broke the record in Austria in 2019, making history.) More recently, <a href="https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/sports/2022/05/22/on-form-omanyala-scores-superb-double-victory-in-italy-including-setting-a-100m-meeting-record/" target="_blank">Kenyan sprinter Ferdinand Omanyala broke two records </a>(100m and 200m double) at the International Castiglione Athletic Meeting at Zecchini Stadium in Grosseto, Italy. ‘It was a great outing and definitely two competitive races. Winning a double on foreign soil definitely feels great and this is another morale boosting performance,’ Omanyala told Capital Sport. </span></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">Italy,
one the other hand, is one of the most successful nations in the history of the
FIFA World Cup. She has won the soccer World Cup four times: in 1934, 1938,
1982 and 2006. For some reason, despite having some talented soccer players,
Kenya has never prospered in international soccer tournaments. Should our
Italian friends help us in this area, we will say <i>‘Grazie mille!’</i> and find a way to return the favour! Already, some
Kenyan footballers have had the opportunity to train with or even play for
Italian clubs. For example, <a href="https://nairobinews.nation.africa/mariga-rises-from-the-ashes-to-sign-deal-with-italian-club/">Kenyan
midfielder MacDonald Mariga was signed to three different Italian clubs</a> during
his career: Parma, Inter-Milan, and Unione Sportiva Latina Calcio. Soccer is
Kenya’s most popular sport.
International stars like MacDonald Mariga, Dennis Oliech and Victor
Wanyama have shown that Kenya can contribute a lot more to The Beautiful Game.</span><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">A
few other sporting highlights (just a tip of the iceberg):</span><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">-
Paul Thiong’o, <a href="https://www.michezoafrika.com/profiles/another-kenyan-youth-soccer-player-paul-thiongo-playing-in-italy/230.aspx">a Kenyan
born soccer star, plays the Empoli youth soccer academy</a> in
Tuscany, Italy. <a href="https://soka.co.ke/2019/06/20/italian-side-ropes-in-kenyan-national-and-a-former-maurizio-sarri-trainee/">Thiong’o
was once under the tutelage of current Juventus head coach</a> Maurizio
Sarri.</span><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">-
Kenya’s AFC Leopards youthful midfielder<b><span face=""Calibri","sans-serif"" style="mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> </span></b><a href="https://www.goal.com/en-ke/team/juventus-u19/7xc2hts8w4jm1axesso3c1ump">Richard
Odada</a>
trains with Italian giants Juventus.</span><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">-
<a href="https://www.malindikenya.net/en/articles/news/last-news/italy-and-kenya-run-fast-in-nairobi.html">Kenyan and
Italian athletes excel at the ABSA Kip Keino Classic</a> athletics
meeting in Nairobi. ‘The happiness of the Kenyan runner was matched by the
excellent performance of Italian athlete Filippo Tortu.’ - Malindikenya.net</span><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">-
<a href="https://worldathletics.org/news/news/kenya-and-italy-share-honours-in-padua-marath">Kenya and
Italy share honours in Padua Marathon</a>. Kenyan Benjamin Kiprotich shines in
the men’s race while Italian Tiziana Alagia does the same on the women’s side
at the Sant’Antonio Marathon from Vedelago to Padua.</span><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">-
<a href="https://nation.africa/kenya/sports/italian-test-for-kenya-in-world-beach-volleyball-opener-3843596">Beach
volleyball: Italian test for Kenya in World Championships opener</a>. Kenya’s
pair of Brackcides Agala and Gaudencia Makokha get their World Beach Volleyball
Championship campaign underway on Friday with a clash against Italian pair
of Claudia Scampoli and Margherita
Blanchin at the Foro Italico in Rome, Italy.</span><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">- Italian Lorenzo Gagli is the winner of the <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6DqEZz0BbcQ" target="_blank">2018 Kenya Open Golf Championship</a>.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">As
with fashion, I believe that the sports world is an area that Kenyans and
Italians can find multiple synergies; co-operate, compliment, and inspire each
other. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><o:p><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></o:p></p>
<div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><b><span style="font-family: georgia;">RECOMMENDED SITES:</span></b></div><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br></span></b></div><div style="text-align: left;"><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: georgia;">Italian Cultural Institute of Nairobi: <a href="https://iicnairobi.esteri.it/iic_nairobi/en/" target="_blank">https://iicnairobi.esteri.it/iic_nairobi/en/</a></span><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></li></ul></div><div style="text-align: left;"><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: georgia;">Twitter: </span><a href="https://twitter.com/iicnairobi" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: georgia;">https://twitter.com/iicnairobi</span></a></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: georgia;">Embassy of Kenya in Rome: </span><a href="https://www.embassyofkenya.it/" style="font-family: georgia;" target="_blank">https://www.embassyofkenya.it/</a></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li> <span style="font-family: georgia;">'Kenyans in Italy' Facebook group: <a href="https://www.facebook.com/groups/281135165346796" target="_blank">https://www.facebook.com/groups/281135165346796</a></span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span><span style="font-family: georgia;">Il portale Italiano in Kenya: <a href="https://www.malindikenya.net" target="_blank">MalindiKenya.net </a></span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span><span style="font-family: georgia;">Learn
Italian in 30 Minutes (YouTube): <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VeH03PzD25E" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VeH03PzD25E</a></span></li></ul><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: georgia;">Hardcore Italians (Instagram):</span><span style="font-family: georgia;"> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/hardcoreitalians" target="_blank">https://www.instagram.com/hardcoreitalians</a></span></li></ul></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="text-align: left;"><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: georgia;"> <a href="http://www.thinkitalian.com/">www.thinkitalian.com</a></span></li></ul></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/7bweuDZYJvE" width="320" youtube-src-id="7bweuDZYJvE"></iframe></div><div style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: medium none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 1pt;"><br>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><o:p><span style="font-family: georgia;"> --------------------------------</span></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><o:p><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></o:p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b><span><o:p><span> ABOUT THE WRITER</span></o:p></span></b></span></span></p><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span><o:p><span> </span></o:p></span></b></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><o:p><span> </span></o:p><span style="line-height: 115%;">Alexander Nderitu is a Kenyan writer, poet, playwright and
critic. Some of his writings have been translated into Swedish, Japanese,
Chinese, Arabic, French, Dholuo and Kiswahili. His poems have been in many
publications, including the <i>World Poetry Yearbook</i> and the <i>World poetry Almanac</i>.
<span>In 2014, his poem ‘</span><a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p01wjtmp" target="_blank"><span>Someone in Africa Loves You</span></a><span>’ represented Kenyan literature in Poetry
Postcards distributed during the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow, Scotland. </span>He is the Deputy Secretary-General of PEN Kenya Centre and a
Regional Editor for the global news portal <a href="https://thetheatretimes.com/author/a-nderitu/" target="_blank">TheTheatreTimes.com</a>.
In 2017, <i>Business Daily</i> newspaper listed him among Kenya’s ‘<a href="http://www.oape-africa.org/news/interviews/en-interview-with-mr-alexander-nderitu-african-e-book-prionner-by-ulrich-talla-wamba.html" target="_blank">Top 40 Under 40 Men</a>’. In 2021, he was a co-winner of
the IHRAF African Human Rights Playwriting Contest. Official website: <a href="http://www.alexandernderitu.com/" target="_blank">http://www.alexandernderitu.com/</a></span></span></span></span></div><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><o:p><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: small;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:TargetScreenSize>800x600</o:TargetScreenSize>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
</style>
<![endif]--> </span><br></span></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><o:p><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></o:p></p></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br></div>Alexander Nderituhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03967229184207192460noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8867540652900306681.post-51982117241097594802022-06-15T00:17:00.001-07:002022-06-15T00:17:39.254-07:00BUSINESS DAILY AFRICA Top40 Club Launch<div> </div><div>The Top40 Club is a quarterly event that seeks to bring the Business Daily "Top 40 Under 40" alumni together both as a networking and a knowledge platform.<br></div><div><br></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7-QuA-tW0AtZtu5PP0lq6TfU7TwNfFbThmU-7PhryzL_dphnnvcBMvIhON_2IO27AsSC_-akHbzomX6rhOWB7SViy4zQRMJkcCRorkeBSPcuXdYzETBiXZ8OfPiSpq3W6aWhz1VlUAWQG/s1600/1655277454124830-0.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
<img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7-QuA-tW0AtZtu5PP0lq6TfU7TwNfFbThmU-7PhryzL_dphnnvcBMvIhON_2IO27AsSC_-akHbzomX6rhOWB7SViy4zQRMJkcCRorkeBSPcuXdYzETBiXZ8OfPiSpq3W6aWhz1VlUAWQG/s1600/1655277454124830-0.png" width="400">
</a>
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkpn6wWACKFiICCvBNilL48IbRA6NVQAIkZ5uflFVNyP1HsMeleCC-Ed9pBmIaQ6ZeJgyqNPQiR2VnVKfy-lwUv8kdw4o8bizn0c8fPQh9zTuTdt2lt6cfldWJQHAMMV7UfUP6JZyS1JF3/s1600/1655277447187484-1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
<img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkpn6wWACKFiICCvBNilL48IbRA6NVQAIkZ5uflFVNyP1HsMeleCC-Ed9pBmIaQ6ZeJgyqNPQiR2VnVKfy-lwUv8kdw4o8bizn0c8fPQh9zTuTdt2lt6cfldWJQHAMMV7UfUP6JZyS1JF3/s1600/1655277447187484-1.png" width="400">
</a>
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg36bY48HUGGDCLGy-Kvw_V6PAyMbcTn40rlGxxQklhgJ7ZBNmyVdWVTSf7dySfu6SrTki3XIFLR56s6rmxXMrYE5eIS483ONAs9YKNvv7lPFo5e1vdtOGJ9N3cKBYa7C_PHBewgCjQQb6S/s1600/1655277439485790-2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
<img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg36bY48HUGGDCLGy-Kvw_V6PAyMbcTn40rlGxxQklhgJ7ZBNmyVdWVTSf7dySfu6SrTki3XIFLR56s6rmxXMrYE5eIS483ONAs9YKNvv7lPFo5e1vdtOGJ9N3cKBYa7C_PHBewgCjQQb6S/s1600/1655277439485790-2.png" width="400">
</a>
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlX3o_gcJOHE5Enit-fzW1NtH-aHYODiYi_Jogn848eCdTJWk4piypilgliBNzWXw2Y7Ryx57rhG6-bN72JwrEPjwtbuXsI1uC74zxP6GdXRlSeZvQmltRGsHi8M-Alm3AWBEAP4ePlr-1/s1600/1655277432589671-3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
<img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlX3o_gcJOHE5Enit-fzW1NtH-aHYODiYi_Jogn848eCdTJWk4piypilgliBNzWXw2Y7Ryx57rhG6-bN72JwrEPjwtbuXsI1uC74zxP6GdXRlSeZvQmltRGsHi8M-Alm3AWBEAP4ePlr-1/s1600/1655277432589671-3.png" width="400">
</a>
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEyzvwBN47XGLgKd1Pfxky36DF_l2PE3Yh9Pq1mwpgtsfPWCuPFmwdL8PT35y8w2EZSOJeKQSY2HxnBG7Z-pMczBRBes0OQ1Sd3dWtGSYppWDph7IynKOYloxYrxDPeLeqvFJogix_Agoz/s1600/1655277423403774-4.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
<img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEyzvwBN47XGLgKd1Pfxky36DF_l2PE3Yh9Pq1mwpgtsfPWCuPFmwdL8PT35y8w2EZSOJeKQSY2HxnBG7Z-pMczBRBes0OQ1Sd3dWtGSYppWDph7IynKOYloxYrxDPeLeqvFJogix_Agoz/s1600/1655277423403774-4.png" width="400">
</a>
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiN2EHzWlSdTr7AaJ8aePnDbJ7G5D5u1V3z7l4lSdF8chVTRZPTq9vUvgKZCVCL4zpSV0fBCUaI-fy8e_GG_yj_jH2qtTGuq6wWeIr3oGZ4jRYBOeqoP-W3yNUR4-jBUQ5RckN-eYunSAKv/s1600/1655277414621767-5.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
<img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiN2EHzWlSdTr7AaJ8aePnDbJ7G5D5u1V3z7l4lSdF8chVTRZPTq9vUvgKZCVCL4zpSV0fBCUaI-fy8e_GG_yj_jH2qtTGuq6wWeIr3oGZ4jRYBOeqoP-W3yNUR4-jBUQ5RckN-eYunSAKv/s1600/1655277414621767-5.png" width="400">
</a>
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUjkrn8UKvL9dWouRaGTl3C82g-GsBub7RoZY2WGgB4rngE3Vjfj1SN93iUWo2RMCfSRGe-SQR_ZilY4pphx1fgq4ApBSxVGSyzWouo695OfSvLGBQlYc7Hx02P68NlFM5bob-J6KyrJI-/s1600/1655277407704355-6.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
<img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUjkrn8UKvL9dWouRaGTl3C82g-GsBub7RoZY2WGgB4rngE3Vjfj1SN93iUWo2RMCfSRGe-SQR_ZilY4pphx1fgq4ApBSxVGSyzWouo695OfSvLGBQlYc7Hx02P68NlFM5bob-J6KyrJI-/s1600/1655277407704355-6.png" width="400">
</a>
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNgCmsrHKHUtth-SNocIZzzhqFrbLLhTFdbFqIqgLOSRj6xqy9aLV3qb7US8ps14iO44CQC8d4rmxLnpm-8dwntqUKlZ9YzYOOSoA_ngYoNvCllrfnEIeIFLz5DQtTfs7rKf8LHxqdgzJK/s1600/1655277402385876-7.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">
<img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNgCmsrHKHUtth-SNocIZzzhqFrbLLhTFdbFqIqgLOSRj6xqy9aLV3qb7US8ps14iO44CQC8d4rmxLnpm-8dwntqUKlZ9YzYOOSoA_ngYoNvCllrfnEIeIFLz5DQtTfs7rKf8LHxqdgzJK/s1600/1655277402385876-7.png" width="400">
</a>
</div><br></div>Alexander Nderituhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03967229184207192460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8867540652900306681.post-2122884531168542652022-05-16T05:41:00.002-07:002022-05-16T05:41:40.636-07:00The Naked Truth About Kenya’s Diasporic Sex Queens<p align="center" class="MsoPlainText" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">(This
article was originally published in 2005)</span></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p><p align="center" class="MsoPlainText" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfzFPDmKb7AmKTOgivjtKjIat0HHdRXublnQdqEFknsZVqbVn4Tc5Kw8N6fpAfe1d2flmyiMzdAQq3dgThBYNyz_BU5UCEQDFUMcL3HJxmElARsChS4KrBBcBZOqgC4HCUEbmavqLqNCSWkocTueYTP_6bViHQ5fJJK_hJ7342toD9WjfHcDQC5pKrnA/s4137/luke-stackpoole-mOEqOtmuPG8-unsplash.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4137" data-original-width="3310" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfzFPDmKb7AmKTOgivjtKjIat0HHdRXublnQdqEFknsZVqbVn4Tc5Kw8N6fpAfe1d2flmyiMzdAQq3dgThBYNyz_BU5UCEQDFUMcL3HJxmElARsChS4KrBBcBZOqgC4HCUEbmavqLqNCSWkocTueYTP_6bViHQ5fJJK_hJ7342toD9WjfHcDQC5pKrnA/s320/luke-stackpoole-mOEqOtmuPG8-unsplash.jpg" width="256" /></a></div><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span><p></p><p class="MsoPlainText" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">This...is
<st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">London</st1:place></st1:city>. Seen
from above, double-decker buses look like giant red beetles and pedestrians
like ants. Eager to reach Heaven - like the fated <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placetype w:st="on">Tower</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename w:st="on">Babel</st1:placename></st1:place>
- is Big Ben. Elsewhere, the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placetype w:st="on">Tower</st1:placetype>
<st1:placetype w:st="on">Bridge</st1:placetype></st1:place> doth bestride the <st1:place w:st="on">Thames</st1:place> like a colossus. Further on, <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Buckingham</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Palace</st1:placetype></st1:place>
clings tenaciously to the fading vestiges of the once-mighty <st1:place w:st="on">British
Empire</st1:place>. Meanwhile, the London Eye watches in stony silence. Below
street level, the London Underground shuttles thousands of commuters back and
forth. High above, an unrewarding grey sky presides over the world's most
famous city.</span></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoPlainText" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 12pt;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoPlainText" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Meet
Panther (not her real name, that would be ridiculous). She's a Black girl from <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Mombasa</st1:place></st1:city>, the dreamy
holiday capital of <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Kenya</st1:place></st1:country-region>.
In her mid-twenties, she's slim, dark, with large fiery eyes set in a rather
angular head from which luscious red-painted lips pout at the world. Sexy she
certainly is, and it helps in her line of work because she peddles sex in <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">London</st1:place></st1:city> town. Oh, and
business is good. Panther averages £1000 per week (over Kshs.100,000). She is
so busy that her two mobile phones hardly ever stop ringing, even on Wednesday
which is her "off day". On Wednesday, she gets to shop at Harrod's and
other choice places, eat at posh restaurants and spend time with her
six-year-old daughter. Believe it or not (God, I sound like the host of <i>Ripley's</i>), Panther told her daughter
exactly what she does for a living and is neither ashamed nor apologetic. In
fact, Panther is quite brazen. She almost made conservative patrons choke on
their food when she blurted out, "I need my White meat!" during an
interview with a magazine (She only sleeps with White men). But how did a young
girl from far-off <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Kenya</st1:place></st1:country-region>
come to be selling sex in <i>the</i> city?
Let's find out.</span></span></p><p class="MsoPlainText" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoPlainText" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Panther
was an innocent country maiden until the White men came for her. I tell a
lie - she's a sex freak who's been posing topless since she was fourteen.
Growing up in <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Mombasa</st1:place></st1:city>,
she met a British soldier who brought her back to Cool Britannia as his wife.
Before long, she snapped up an offer to pose nude and spread-eagled for a
steamy magazine. The photos were an instant hit and she started
"modelling" behind her husband's back. As her fame grew, so did the
risk of exposure and it wasn't long before one of the guys at the barracks
showed her husband a nude centrefold of her. Chaos reigned that night as the
military man beat Panther black and blue. She reported the matter to the police
and started a court case but never saw it through. Interestingly, she reckons
that instead of beating her, hubby should have "been proud" of her
(Go figure.) She left hubby, found a place a train-ride away from <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">London</st1:place></st1:city> and continued
turning men on for a living. Now an underground celebrity, it wasn't long
before the people of her sleepy neighbourhood were enlightened by a nude
magazine spread of her which was pinned to the wall of her local pub. From that
time onwards, the beery men there would get erections that would put Big Ben to
shame whenever she breezed in. Women scrawled obscenities across the photo.
"It's always the women who have a problem," Panther argues,
"because they know they can't compete. The minute a woman sees her husband
talking to me, the claws come out". For now, Panther is a happy hooker.
She has a new White boyfriend who knows her trade and she lives in the lap of
luxury.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoPlainText" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuO4hV01Y6nCdF2W4d0rIHX1hNJ8VmfWcSo6-kKPvH5PbGIDeCHSmeDBslmb6-GSx6qKFF4uCZuOz5XWzG7lpRTEbacq2M-52-BaYnaaJE4sIzfDkvqDxKyZRhq4Y4VEKVegWCBzlWbnqQ/s5000/womanizer-toys-9apmHZgTIUQ-unsplash.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4000" data-original-width="5000" height="256" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuO4hV01Y6nCdF2W4d0rIHX1hNJ8VmfWcSo6-kKPvH5PbGIDeCHSmeDBslmb6-GSx6qKFF4uCZuOz5XWzG7lpRTEbacq2M-52-BaYnaaJE4sIzfDkvqDxKyZRhq4Y4VEKVegWCBzlWbnqQ/s320/womanizer-toys-9apmHZgTIUQ-unsplash.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><p></p><p class="MsoPlainText" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">But
Panther isn't the only Black girl "on the game". British males appear
to relish the thrill of having sex with exotic women and ebony skin ranks very
high in the takings. On </span></span><st1:date day="22" month="8" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 12pt;" w:st="on" year="2003">22nd
August 2003</st1:date><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">, a Kenyan newspaper revealed that for decades, numerous British troops had been having sexual </span></span>liaisons<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> with local Kenyan women (About 3,000
British soldiers are deployed to </span></span><st1:country-region style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 12pt;" w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Kenya</st1:place></st1:country-region><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> for training every year). The liaisons included ordinary dating, sex with prostitutes - and is some cases - rape. Many of these women have mixed-race children. Through a London-based lawyer,
the complainants have been seeking justice but, so far, without much luck. Now,
prostitutes avail themselves to "Johnnies" (British soldiers) even if
it means travelling from </span></span><st1:city style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 12pt;" w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Nairobi</st1:place></st1:city><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">
to smaller towns like Nanyuki and </span></span><st1:city style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 12pt;" w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Mombasa</st1:place></st1:city><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">.
In Simon Nye's famous comedy
series, </span></span><i style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 12pt;">Men Behaving Badly, </i><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">one
character mused, over a beer, that "the thing with your Mediterranean bird
(girl) is that her sexual urges have been gently brought to the surface by the
(warmth of) the sun" whereas "your British bird, bless her, has spent her life
(all wrapped up) freezing at a bus stop: she's in no position to open up
sexually." If that's the case, then it's no wonder that foreign girls London very attractive.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoPlainText" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoPlainText" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">There
is a time to live and a time to die. For the high class foreign-born sex
queens, this is the time to live: I'm talking plush homes, ridiculously fat
bank accounts, cars that could make you weep with envy, designer clothes, and
any other luxury available on the third rock from the sun. Which is hardly
surprising in a country that spends more on prostitution (£770,000,000 per
year) than at the movies (£250,000,000 per year). In fact, "the game"
is hardly a newsworthy topic, unless someone frightens the horses (Like the
time actor Hugh Grant was caught with a Black hooker in his car). Recently, a
Kenyan-born woman known as Anne O'Brien became a victim of her own success and
ended up in Southwark Crown Court facing charges of "controlling
prostitutes". To paraphrase rapper Ma$e, she was crucified for "sex
in the city<a href="file:///D:/The%20Naked%20Truth%20About%20Kenya's%20Sex%20Ambassadors%20.doc#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>".
Her story:<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoPlainText" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoPlainText" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">The
petite Anne O'Brien was born Hannah Wambui in Karura forest (near Nairobi city)
where her parents were squatters (landless people). She got her basic schooling
at <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Uthiru</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">Primary School</st1:placetype></st1:place> in Uthiru, a crime-prone
area of <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Nairobi</st1:place></st1:city>.
On completing school she worked beside her mother, selling vegetables at a
market stall, before leaving for the <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">UK</st1:place></st1:country-region>. Less than two years later,
Wambui married Irishman Patrick O’Brien and settled in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Ireland</st1:place></st1:country-region> but not
for long. Wanderlust and the lure of big money took her to London where she
joined the flesh trade. She changed her name to "Nancy" (She was
forever changing names and still goes by various aka's). Before long, became a
well-paid vice girl in London brothels. She later moved to Park West Apartments
in <st1:street w:st="on"><st1:address w:st="on">Edgware Road</st1:address></st1:street>
to work in a brothel owned by a fellow Kenyan, Ms McDowall from Naivasha.
Living in the fast lane, the two Kenyans later relocated to <st1:street w:st="on"><st1:address w:st="on">Baker Street</st1:address></st1:street>, where McDowall set up
another brothel - Emma’s Escort Agency. After working for McDowall for several
months (raking in about Kshs.8,000 per hour) O’Brien moved out and started her
own operation in Paddington, <st1:place w:st="on">West London</st1:place>, in
1997. She provided a procession of call girls to her male clients, some as
young as fourteen. She also employed "card boys" to post thousands of
nude pictures of her girls, contact information supplied, in <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">London</st1:place></st1:city>’s public phone booths (a common way
for <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">London</st1:place></st1:city>
hookers to advertise themselves). The Force, as Star Wars fans might say, was
with her and the business grew at a premium.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoPlainText" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2u0XFW0kfGuonugHCrzTrXWaqOE-9X6uFazXUlGnLrMqmw_jmGEgjRvfflg5q2VRWLNTLTxP1SXUNB5PhRIfDl-TaXbaoHh_yjQZH0GK-7y9y2_g1JFiMdgvUQvE0ux7oLQKJawyAw2N61xrFEmiuUK0IZYIXgu_tqMFj8X3Aj6qeKykY6lBPEqQBWg/s5084/stefan-k-BDopH1gn4VU-unsplash.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="5084" data-original-width="3393" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2u0XFW0kfGuonugHCrzTrXWaqOE-9X6uFazXUlGnLrMqmw_jmGEgjRvfflg5q2VRWLNTLTxP1SXUNB5PhRIfDl-TaXbaoHh_yjQZH0GK-7y9y2_g1JFiMdgvUQvE0ux7oLQKJawyAw2N61xrFEmiuUK0IZYIXgu_tqMFj8X3Aj6qeKykY6lBPEqQBWg/s320/stefan-k-BDopH1gn4VU-unsplash.jpg" width="214" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><p></p><p class="MsoPlainText" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">O'Brien
paid over £1 million in cash for her upmarket Kensington property which had a
penthouse that conjured up memories of <i>Penthouse</i>
magazine. It also has a dungeon for those who like a little pain with their
pleasure (Me, I'll have a nice Catholic girl with all the trimmings and mustard
on the side). Customers were given a "take-away sex menu" offering
every kind of sexual pleasure under the sun, with prices starting at £250
(Kshs.40,000) per hour. Her 24-hour call-girl service had three shifts of
prostitutes from <st1:place w:st="on">Europe</st1:place>, <st1:place w:st="on">Asia</st1:place>
and Mother Africa. "She was ruthless and exceptionally greedy,"
revealed Ruth Nyambura, a Kenyan girl who worked for O'Brien. "A very
aggressive woman whose success knows no boundaries…That is how she made her
fortune."<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoPlainText" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoPlainText" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Sweet
was the smell of profit. O’Brien stuffed £1.6 million (Ksh 224 million) in 27
bank accounts under the company names, Marble Arch Services, Anne Hair And
Beauty, and Dream Girl Creations. She paid £487,000 for a four-storey building
in CrickleWood in North West London. Her personal profit was £1,200 (over
Kshs.120, 000) per week. She bought her mother back in Kenya two <i>matatus</i> (public service vehicles)
christened “Dream Girl” (after her escort agency) and a mansion worth Kshs.7 million.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoPlainText" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoPlainText" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Too
successful to be remain secret, O'Brien's operation came under investigation.
Detectives from Scotland Yard paid her a visit. They asked some penetrating
questions and probed deep into her assets. Newspapermen all over the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placetype w:st="on">Land</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename w:st="on">Hope</st1:placename></st1:place> and Glory each dedicated several
inches to O'Brien and her girls. She was arraigned in Southwark Crown Court
where a jury found her guilty on three counts of controlling prostitutes,
between <st1:date day="10" month="10" w:st="on" year="2003">October 10, 2003</st1:date>
and <st1:date day="15" month="4" w:st="on" year="2004">April 15, 2004</st1:date>.
She was briefly jailed and later put on community service.</span></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center;"> </span></p><p class="MsoPlainText" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span><p></p><p class="MsoPlainText" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">The
O'Brien affair sent tremors across <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Kenya</st1:place></st1:country-region>, bringing the sex trade into
the limelight once again. 'This woman said to be selling natural resources in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">England</st1:place></st1:country-region> is my
constituent,' said Kabete MP Paul Muite who is a lawyer by profession.
'Prostitution is not prohibited in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">England</st1:place></st1:country-region>. What is prohibited is
living on earnings of immorality.' Meanwhile, O'Brien's mother rushed to her
daughter's defence, saying that O'Brien was a Christian and had no truck with
prostitution. She simply owned a highly successful Hair Salon. (Yeah, right -
and Bill Clinton didn't have sex with "that woman, Monica Lewinsky".)<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoPlainText" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoPlainText" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Side-stepping
the issue of morality, I find O'Brien guilty on two counts: Exploiting children
and being greedy. In fact, had she not been such a money grabber, she would
probably have flown under the radar. But because she made money her god and
worshipped at the altar of the almighty dollar, she not only did jail time but
lost ALL her wealth, including the cash in the 27 bank accounts. What was the
message from the movie <i>Rush Hour 2</i>? - "GREED WILL IMPRISON US ALL"<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoPlainText" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhT7386M8UBQQX_s7yQwTRyPp24g-z3z9glNIBZID2tmCCYrMKPM2dXZ6-DPvMLDU2fA1raxnoKtE0Jn25UWLzjs7Zt3wiLABBX7Jk7FCaoimfKe0-LQZGmm8jgb7BKcAj85AvolxMHKH6FCWeZ6icw_p-sP48D6edzmmPWCQW_UWkHEj8Mh-Q4PsWypw/s4490/thiago-reboucas-OnW6Wqkc8qs-unsplash.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="font-size: 16px; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4490" data-original-width="2630" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhT7386M8UBQQX_s7yQwTRyPp24g-z3z9glNIBZID2tmCCYrMKPM2dXZ6-DPvMLDU2fA1raxnoKtE0Jn25UWLzjs7Zt3wiLABBX7Jk7FCaoimfKe0-LQZGmm8jgb7BKcAj85AvolxMHKH6FCWeZ6icw_p-sP48D6edzmmPWCQW_UWkHEj8Mh-Q4PsWypw/s320/thiago-reboucas-OnW6Wqkc8qs-unsplash.jpg" width="187" /></a></p><p class="MsoPlainText" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">I
have side-stepped the issue of morality because prostitution - aka "the
selling of natural resources" - is one hard nut to crack. History records
that prostitution was humanity's first profession. Before there were lawyers
and doctors, there were prostitutes. Before there were soldiers and spies,
there were prostitutes. The sex trade is unlikely to fade away in <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">London</st1:place></st1:city> as elsewhere.
<a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2015/2/6/the-uks-celebrity-sex-offenders" target="_blank">UK's unending high-profile sex scandals</a> show the lengths to which ‘decent’
citizenry will go to fulfill their sexual desires. London, brace yourself for
the girls from Africa.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoPlainText" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoPlainText" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">God
save the Queen.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p>
</p><div><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br clear="all" />
</span><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<!--[endif]-->
<div id="ftn1">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="file:///D:/The%20Naked%20Truth%20About%20Kenya's%20Sex%20Ambassadors%20.doc#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a> Ma$e - <i>Breathe, Stretch, Shake</i> (song)</span><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
</div><div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"><div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
</div>
</div>Alexander Nderituhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03967229184207192460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8867540652900306681.post-49419637440681004922022-04-26T08:58:00.002-07:002022-04-27T05:55:35.103-07:00ARE EAST AFRICAN INTELLECTUALS FAKING THE FUNK?<div><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Author and Hip-Hop Promoter Analyzes the
Failure of Local Thought Leaders</span></b></span></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"></span></span></p><span style="font-size: small;"><div style="text-align: center;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkWUSdSzXM2v3sQ-hjvTHBGcKh7MzfoALZsVbRAPDncLObTkwV0bU97tGwx5ltGclmW29-oFsU7m0q8q6fxLdrEcKkLuaFhgfnX5GFaeIXJUKKIw8MoWyGQqq1eJANFc9SlOPaNtpNYQmiUbexbGOKYqj6BZ9cGCr0JLOWOR4tUIJyoeBUTmdUehpUGA/s1000/Alexander%20Nderitu%20Mbogi%20Ya%20Mawriters.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="667" data-original-width="1000" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkWUSdSzXM2v3sQ-hjvTHBGcKh7MzfoALZsVbRAPDncLObTkwV0bU97tGwx5ltGclmW29-oFsU7m0q8q6fxLdrEcKkLuaFhgfnX5GFaeIXJUKKIw8MoWyGQqq1eJANFc9SlOPaNtpNYQmiUbexbGOKYqj6BZ9cGCr0JLOWOR4tUIJyoeBUTmdUehpUGA/w400-h266/Alexander%20Nderitu%20Mbogi%20Ya%20Mawriters.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i>Alexander Nderitu, author of ‘<a href="https://nuriakenya.com/product/kiss-commander-promise-by-alexander-nderitu/" target="_blank">Kiss, Commander, Promise</a>’<o:p></o:p></i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><i style="font-family: inherit;"><div style="text-align: center;"><i style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></i></div><div style="text-align: center;"><i style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></i></div>'Now, I've never been one to knock the next man for getting his...</i><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><i> </i></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><i>But this has always been something with which you have to be true...</i></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><i> </i></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><i>I shine and rise at the same time</i></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><i> </i></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><i>The mastermind of the sport called "the rhyme"</i></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><i> </i></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><i>Now it's time to dump chumps right in front of you</i></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><i> </i></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><i>(Yo, Professor, what's up?)'</i></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">- <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FMeqyLDs1u4" target="_blank">The Main Source, <i>Fakin' The Funk </i></a>(rap song)</span></span></span><br /></div></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">‘Oh boy, we about to make a lot of people annoyed!’</span></i><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"> – Sacario in <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ePmt1tFDtW8"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">If I Could Go</i> </a>(song) </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">I discovered <a href="https://lionheadthemovies.fandom.com/wiki/Progressive_rap">Progressive Rap</a>
(aka <a href="https://www.masterclass.com/articles/alternative-hip-hop-music-guide#3-characteristics-of-alternative-hiphop" target="_blank">Alternative Hip-Hop</a>) when I was in my preteens and it has remained my
favourite genre of music. Later, in my teens, I decided I wanted to be a career
writer. <a href="https://africainwords.com/2021/05/12/qa-alexander-nderitu-trailblazing-when-the-whirlwind-passes-from-digital-to-print/" target="_blank">My first novel came out when I was 22</a>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I thus entered the literary scene. In the literary world, I was quickly
introduced to a curious animal: the intellectual. At first, it was great to
interact with great minds and be staggered by their ability analyze society and
generate ideas. But as I grew older and interacted with more of these
self-styled ‘public intellectuals’, I realized that only a few of them were the
real deal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The majority were faking the
funk. It’s gotten so bad over the years that I can count the intellectuals I
respect in my country on the fingers of one hand. And I’m not the only one
who’s noticed the decline in intellectual discourse. We’ve all seen ‘academic
giants’ try to sound clever on Social Media beefs and get pulverized. Their
fallacious arguments are pissed on like urinal cakes by average folks. Using
big words doesn’t make one a brainiac. In a recent televised discussion
involving one of Kenya’s apex lawyers and a ‘distinguished professor' who has
taught in the USA, the general reaction of the audience was to think less of
<i>both</i> ‘debaters’.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The professor was
especially disappointing. At least two people on Social Media commented that
they possess Masters Degrees but have changed their minds about going for PhDs!
Other comments included ‘the only thing he brought from the US was an accent’
and ‘we should stop worshipping idiots just because they studied abroad’. (There
were some positive comments but most were negative. As a writer, if 8 out of 10 people
told me that a story I wrote was whack, then I’d accept it was whack!) </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">I remember sitting at a
function at one of the foreign ‘cultural institutes’ in Nairobbery one time and there
was this university don complaining that the media should make a habit of inviting
academics to TV debates, not just addressing talking heads on the street. The
media <i>has </i>tried that, but it rarely ups the ante (or the ratings). Usually, the
audience is left feeling like <a href="https://www.shazam.com/gb/track/5994481/that-dont-impress-me-much" target="_blank">Shania Twain ie. ‘That don’t impress me much!’</a> The media want a show, not a showoff. One of my favourite intellectuals published a book on Kenya’s first 50 years of
independence (The type of thing one expects from <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">real </i>intellectuals). During the launch, a journalist from the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Daily Nation</i> newspaper, which had
previously published many of her articles, revealed that the media house is regularly
inundated by dons submitting articles for publication. Their ‘problem’, he stated, was that ‘they
write for each other’ (instead of the general public). They’re hell-bent on
impressing and competing with their peers. One-upmanship. </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">This issue of pseudo intellectuals
started to bug me some years time ago. I tried reading the newspaper articles
of a US-based Kenyan professor (let’s call him Professor A) who was supposed to
be a legal paragon. I was underwhelmed. Despite being thousands of kilometers
away, one could sense the unshakable tribalism in him. We were heading into an
election and he was obviously angling for his tribal kingpin. (On international
matters, he was quite objective.) Aware of his reputation, he recently wrote
that he’s not tribally biased because there was a time he didn’t vote for
aforementioned kingpin (But the kingpin didn’t run that time, he seconded
another.) The plot thickens. A gov’t official who hails from the same tribe as
Professor A (let’s call him Dr. B) was similarly causing waves of controversy.
Dr. B holds a doctorate but he’s so depressing, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Star</i> newspaper once carried a cartoon of him going to work but
leaving his brain at home! On social media, he has been accused of ‘ignorance' and ‘arrogance’ so many times, you might think they are his last names. One
young activist has gone to the extent of searching for Dr. B’s PhD thesis ’cause he
doesn’t believe the dude could actually have reached doctorate level. Personally, I
don’t doubt that he has a PhD. According to VinayNagia.com<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">, ‘A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) is the highest degree that is conferred
after a course of study, by universities. PhDs or Doctorates are awarded for
programs across the whole breadth of academic disciplines. PhD scholars are
usually required to produce original research that expands the boundaries of
knowledge, normally in the form of a thesis or dissertation. They defend their
work in front of expert/s in their field.’</b> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">However,</i> a lot of these ‘academic disciplines’ are highly specialized,
which means that the PhD student doesn’t need to know a lot of things in
general in order to pass. Thus, if somebody has a doctorate in, say, Soil
Science, he/she could <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">still</i> be a
dumbass in every other field of knowledge, or life in general. </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"> From <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Intellectuals and Society</i> by Thomas Sowell:</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">‘If knowledge is defined expansively, including mundane knowledge
whose presence or absence is consequential and often crucial, then <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">individuals with PhDs are as grossly
ignorant of most consequential things as other individuals are</b>, since no
one can be truly knowledgeable, at a level required for consequential
decision-making for a whole society, except within a narrow band out of the
vast spectrum of human concerns.’</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></span></span></p>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Back to Professor A and Dr.
B. Incidentally, going by their mentions of each other, there's no love lost between them.
(Which I personally attribute to the <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nrk7bsWYF68" target="_blank">Head Negro In Charge Syndrome</a>). It
bothered me that with all their education, exposure, and maturity, they were
still politician-worshipping narrow thinkers. They don’t seem to have attained
a higher level of thinking. I’ll give you two examples of what I mean by ‘a
higher level of thinking’. The first one is from <a href="https://www.facebook.com/nderitualexander/videos/10220356924087358" target="_blank">a viral video by a Nairobi pastor</a>,
at the time when gullible Kenyans were entertaining the idea of adopting the infamous and <a href="https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/national/article/2001441942/supreme-court-judges-declare-the-bbi-process-unconstitutional">unconstitutional Building Bridges Initiative (BBI)</a>:</span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"> <br /></span></span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">‘Recently, the ruler of Dubai, Al Maktoum, appointed a 27-year-old
person to be Minister for Artificial Intelligence...In Kenya, we're still
quarrelling over BBI...Other countries are appointing ministers for Artificial
Intelligence!... Because that is where the world is going...We're thinking
about 2022 when others are thinking about 2117. How they (the Emiratis) can
live on Mars by 2117. A hundred years from now. That's what <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">they</i> are working on. With us, we're not
even thinking of 2050. Our vision only goes up to 2022. That's why I am telling
you that Africa is not poor - <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Africans</i>
are poor. Because we can't think ahead of the next General Elections!’</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">In the above excerpt, Al
Maktoum’s vision of a human civilization on Mars is an example of ‘a higher
level of thinking’. Example two: Techprenuer <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EoS7xtzY6IY" target="_blank">Julius Mwale</a>. This relatively
young dude (about 45 at the time of writing) is best known as ‘the brains
behind the over Kshs 200 billion <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JsH_X1h1Nrk" target="_blank">Mwale Medical and Technology City</a> in Butere,
Kakamega county.’ He flew to the US in 2001 and was homeless for a while. He
later studied electrical engineering at Columbia University. In 2003, he
pioneered a wave-based biometric system in New York.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 2004, the US parliament passed two-factor
authentication legislation for digital security. Biometrics swung into vogue
and Mwale made a fortune. (In October 2021, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Business
Daily</i> reported that <a href="https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/corporate/companies/inside-billionaires-fight-mumias-sugar-deal-3579094" target="_blank">Mwale placed a bid of Kshs 27.6 billion for the leasing of debt-ridden Mumias Sugar Company.</a>) And he continues to innovate. His
multi-million-shilling ultra-modern city in Kenya, for example, uses <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sxBw2SQ5dCE" target="_blank">a free cryptocurrency digital payment system</a> without transaction fees. I would rather
have a sit-down with Julius Mwale than just about any local professor. I admire
people who use their brains to solve the problems of the world.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhk9r7ea1DDYHxlMYit81V2DoOpMolYln-GRKFPv1T7Udgv3u0vktzrCAbeT6dQGswaakCUrB39mvsSovsgBIEsPqLQ1BU4ZdVw9aABwWt92knmLkk5Aa-y1ZKoQSDPtxNNuc_q8LWo8EOsYglCnc7sth3gr5ZdGqAr6-Q5cq2UzjGnLHOVL8Pn05Riaw/s480/Recoverd_jpg_file(653).jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="369" data-original-width="480" height="308" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhk9r7ea1DDYHxlMYit81V2DoOpMolYln-GRKFPv1T7Udgv3u0vktzrCAbeT6dQGswaakCUrB39mvsSovsgBIEsPqLQ1BU4ZdVw9aABwWt92knmLkk5Aa-y1ZKoQSDPtxNNuc_q8LWo8EOsYglCnc7sth3gr5ZdGqAr6-Q5cq2UzjGnLHOVL8Pn05Riaw/w400-h308/Recoverd_jpg_file(653).jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Meanwhile, I looked at
supposed intellectuals like Professor A, Dr. B, and their ilk and I asked
myself: ‘If people of their calibre can’t rise above the fray, then what hope
does Wanjiku (Joe/Jane Citizen) have? Is it a wonder that we live in a country
that still appoints tribal spokesmen (in a constitutional democracy), won't admit it's in <a href="https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=The%20Sunken%20Place" target="_blank">a sunken place</a>, and routinely burns suspected "<a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna24759141" target="_blank">witches and wizards</a>"?’ I was disillusioned. I became like a boy who suddenly discovers that his dad is not the
biggest, strongest person in the world – he’s just another man on the street.</span></span></span></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"> From <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6vNCpGaxWno" target="_blank"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Culture in Decline: Episode 6 – ‘Tale of Two Worlds’</i> </a>(documentary
series):</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></b></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">‘It may be true that behind
every cynic, there is a failed idealist. But in a world where no good deed goes
unpunished, it is easy to see how the most sensitive of the human condition
can’t help but suffer a kind of trauma of the spirit where the childlike
goodwill, curiosity<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and rational development
is stomped, suppressed and destroyed by stubborn traditionalism forged by the
supposed virtue of arrogant elitism…And my hope is that those of you who can
identify with this plight will begin to understand the seriousness of this
societal struggle and work to help redeem this epidemic of intellectual
belligerence…’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; margin: 0in 0in 0in 0.5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b></span></span></p>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">So, being better known as a
scribe than a rapper, I’m not gonna spit <a href="https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=diss%20track&utm_source=search-action" target="_blank">a diss track</a>. Instead, I will drop a
‘thesis’ on these fakers. I’m gonna break down my arguments, citing various
examples and references, all without exiting a Hip-Hop frame of mind. </span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"> <br /></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Right off the bat, I want to
acknowledge that I use a lot of quotations here (as I often do in my
non-fiction) but I am not merely quote-mining. Writers do a lot of research. If
I just wanted to impress you with quotes, I could have posted better zingers.
The quotes I sample here are meant to enhance my message and show that I am not
some ‘lone nut’ shouting into the abyss: I am, instead, echoing the thoughts of
many thinkers around the world. <span style="font-family: inherit;">People who have noticed <a href="https://blog.oup.com/2017/04/anti-authority-public-distrust/" target="_blank">a steep decline in thought leadership over the past few decades</a>. </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span face="Calibri, "sans-serif"" style="font-size: small; text-align: left;">In 2012, 'Africa as a Country'
blog did an informal poll to uncover ‘</span><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://africasacountry.com/2012/02/africanthinkers" style="text-align: left;">The Most Influential
African Thinker’</a><span face="Calibri, "sans-serif"" style="text-align: left;">. Among the shortlist of 12 candidates, there was one Tanzanian,
one Ugandan and zero Kenyans.</span></span></span><span face="Calibri, "sans-serif"" style="font-size: small; text-align: left;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span face="Calibri, "sans-serif"" style="font-size: small; text-align: left;"> <br /></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:DocumentProperties>
<o:Version>12.00</o:Version>
</o:DocumentProperties>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
</style>
<![endif]--></span>
</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span>WTF IS AN INTELLECTUAL ANYWAY?</span></b></span></span></p><p style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>‘Coz we love to talk on nasty chickens / Most intellectuals will only half-listen’</i><br /><i>– </i>Nas<i>, <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kAKxjTRV6ms" target="_blank">Hip-Hop is Dead</a> </i>(song)</span></p>
<div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><br /></i><i>‘I’m only empowering caps and gowns<br /></i><i>We had (slave) masters, and then I got my Masters (degree)<br /></i><i>I turned that back around<br /></i><i>Look at me – I’m the captain now!’<br /></i>- Emerson Kennedy vs B. Dot, battle rap</span></div><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh41NNmuZfC-FladC70L5AmI7HO2bx4YlGomLtf405E-7Ai8qO6qDqYeEx_FyLKwueJoWUqENai-udLE1Q_fUSA9Zs0EBY5vC9bXnEW7RSrFle3gVTKDAHa1OwneZT6Du6hZDNcHLz4_7JgSskJPAzhNaU_O9SEd9q2PNJSfijwEOtrLYsYcemxmXOfGw/s480/Recoverd_jpg_file(658).jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="447" data-original-width="480" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh41NNmuZfC-FladC70L5AmI7HO2bx4YlGomLtf405E-7Ai8qO6qDqYeEx_FyLKwueJoWUqENai-udLE1Q_fUSA9Zs0EBY5vC9bXnEW7RSrFle3gVTKDAHa1OwneZT6Du6hZDNcHLz4_7JgSskJPAzhNaU_O9SEd9q2PNJSfijwEOtrLYsYcemxmXOfGw/s320/Recoverd_jpg_file(658).jpg" width="320" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:DocumentProperties>
<o:Version>12.00</o:Version>
</o:DocumentProperties>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
</style>
<![endif]--></span>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span>Pseudo-intellectuals be like…</span></i></span></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-size: small;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:DocumentProperties>
<o:Version>12.00</o:Version>
</o:DocumentProperties>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
</style>
<![endif]--></span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span>In an online article for
MIT, titled ‘<a href="http://web.mit.edu/comm-forum/papers/lightman.html">The
Role of the Public Intellectual’, Alan Lightman</a><i>,</i> gives us a couple definitions of an intellectual:<br /></span></span></span></p>
</div><blockquote style="border: medium none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><div><div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small; text-align: justify;">‘Over 150 years ago, Ralph Waldo Emerson
considered the meaning and function of the intellectual in his great essay
"</span><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.emersoncentral.com/amscholar.htm" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">The American
Scholar</a><span style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">"…Emerson's intellectual, while enriched by the past, should
not be bound by books. </span><b style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">His most
important activity is action</b><span style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">. Inaction is cowardice. Emerson's intellectual
preserves great ideas of the past, communicates them, and creates new ideas. He
is the "world's eye." And </span><b style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">he
communicates his ideas to the world, not just to fellow intellectuals. </b><span style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">And
finally, Emerson's intellectual does all of these things not out of obligation
to his society, but out of obligation to himself…</span></span></p></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">A more political tone to the concept of
the public intellectual was suggested a few years ago by Edward Said of
Columbia University, in a series of lectures called “Representations of the
Intellectual” (1993 Reith Lecture).</span></p></div></div></div></div><div><div><div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">According to Said, an </span><span style="font-size: small;"><b style="font-family: inherit;">intellectual's mission in life is to advance human freedom and
knowledge.</b><span style="font-family: inherit;"> This mission often means standing outside of society and its
institutions and actively disturbing the status quo. At the same time, Said's
intellectual is a part of society and should address his concerns to as wide a
public as possible. Thus Said's intellectual is constantly balancing the
private and the public. His or her private, personal commitment to an ideal
provides necessary force. Yet, </span><b style="font-family: inherit;">the ideal
must have relevance for society.</b><span style="font-family: inherit;">’</span></span></p></div></div></div></div></blockquote><div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span>Shall I
go deeper? <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7312/morr14384#:~:text=Gayatri%20Chakravorty%20Spivak's%20original%20essay,division%20of%20labor%20and%20capitalism's%20%22" target="_blank">Can the subaltern speak</a>? OK, then. Let’s proceed…</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span><br /></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span>TRUE GRIT - ANY REAL BRAINIACS IN THE
HOUSE?</span></b></span></span></p><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><br /></i></span></div><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>‘When you were playing checkers, I was playing chess</i></span></div><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>When you were playing chess, I was done playing games.’</i></span></div><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;">- The Deadman, battle rapper</span></div><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1uMycQtaZIxnl-rfeRol5b4dDyPLy_qYsXxA_lLdDLziwaBKIgU7Krqr8Vevh2iO5Bzf4_OUHLauxiH9s4lH9rA5eXJHgSLzbeYQ5ZMD92jnisSQa8g4cW6wCXMNcg1C8sEVjLH6ZsKInLpkvFbIgT337o_w8XVgI1z6SvPnigf8prA6eMDi84UKiZg/s535/mazrui-wangari.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="232" data-original-width="535" height="174" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1uMycQtaZIxnl-rfeRol5b4dDyPLy_qYsXxA_lLdDLziwaBKIgU7Krqr8Vevh2iO5Bzf4_OUHLauxiH9s4lH9rA5eXJHgSLzbeYQ5ZMD92jnisSQa8g4cW6wCXMNcg1C8sEVjLH6ZsKInLpkvFbIgT337o_w8XVgI1z6SvPnigf8prA6eMDi84UKiZg/w400-h174/mazrui-wangari.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
<o:TargetScreenSize>800x600</o:TargetScreenSize>
</o:OfficeDocumentSettings>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:DoNotShowInsertionsAndDeletions/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="false"
DefSemiHidden="false" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="371">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footer"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of figures"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope return"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="line number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="page number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0in;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
</style>
<![endif]--><span style="font-family: inherit;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">Late Kenyan intellectuals Prof. Ali Mazrui (left)
and Prof. Wangari Maathai</span></i></span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /></div><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">East
Africa does have and has had some world-class intellectuals. Professors <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2004/maathai/biographical/" target="_blank">Wangari Maathai</a> and <a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2014/10/18/an-intellectual-giant-ali-mazrui-1933-2014" target="_blank">Ali Mazrui</a> immediately come to mind. <o:p></o:p></span></div><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">Prof. Maathai was the <a href="https://www.africaknowledgeproject.org/index.php/jenda/article/view/1436" target="_blank">first female scholar from East and Central Africa to earn a doctorate</a> and the first female professor ever in her home country of Kenya.
However, it was in the field of conservation that she truly excelled. In 1977,
she started <a href="https://www.greenbeltmovement.org/wangari-maathai/biography" target="_blank">the Green Belt Movement</a>, a grass-roots movement aimed at countering
the deforestation that was threatening the means of subsistence of the
agricultural population. She authored books, such as <i>The Challenge for Africa</i>, and also engaged in political and gender
activism. She showed how environmental issues were intertwined with security
issues. In 2004, she became the first African woman to receive the Nobel Peace
Prize, for ‘her contribution to sustainable development, democracy and peace.’</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0_sMaRjRQco" target="_blank">Prof. Ali Mazrui</a> was a Kenyan-born academic, professor and political writer. The
famously hosted/produced the television documentary <i><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8-pksToXSL4" target="_blank">The Africans: A Triple Heritage</a></i>. He wrote or co-wrote more than 20
books. He published hundreds of articles in academic as well as mainstream
media. He served on the boards of over 20 scholastic journals. He was consulted
by international media, gov’ts, and research institutions for political
strategies and ‘alternative thoughts.’ In 2005, Prof. Mazrui was ranked among
the world’s top 100 intellectuals by readers of <i>Prospect Magazine</i> (UK) and <i>Foreign
Policy Magazine</i> (USA). (As we shall see, many local pseudo intellectuals
are more likely to make a Bottom 100 intellectuals list than a Top 100 one!) The
No.1 slot in the <a href="https://foreignpolicy.com/2005/10/15/prospectfp-top-100-public-intellectuals-results/" target="_blank">2005 <i>Prospect/FP</i> 100
Intellectuals Poll </a>was taken by <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FDv7PLM7K60" target="_blank">Prof. Noam Chomsky</a>. Also known as ‘the Elvis of
Academia’, Prof. Chomsky is a famous MIT professor, linguist, and author. He
has published over 100 books on various subjects. He is one of the few global thinkers
that exhibit true grit. He’s not afraid study or write about any subject or speak truth to power. Being an
American Jew, for example, has not prevented him from addressing from
controversial acts of Israel or America (especially foreign wars). While some
like to think of him as a cozy grandfather-like geek, Chomsky is <a href="https://www.dw.com/en/dissident-intellectual-noam-chomsky-at-90/a-46629642" target="_blank">one of the bravest and most radical thinkers of all time</a>. In his youth, he was arrested
for street protests. He’s nobody’s coward, in life or academia.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">The work
of the three personages mentioned above are examples of the standards we expect
our intellectuals to aim for. Pure,
unadulterated, funk.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">I once worked for a European-based IT company where the boss openly bragged that he never completed college but had ‘hired PhDs’ to work for him. In this treatise, you will see how many African brainiacs have gone the same way. They have been reduced to factotums by moneyed politicians and captains of industry. In Kenya, for example, it’s not uncommon to see academics/scholars working as lap dogs or attack dogs for politicians who were ‘D’ and ‘C’ students. Some of those politicos have even been accused of ‘buying degrees’ from mercenary colleges in order to meet the minimum qualifications for certain elective positions. Robert Kiyosaki wasn’t tripping when he wrote a book titled <i><a href="https://atticbooks.co.ke/books/why-a-students-work-for-c-students-and-why-b-students-work-for-the-government-rich-dad-s-guide-to-financial-education-for-parents" target="_blank">Why ‘A’ Students Work for ‘C’ Students</a></i>.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">Finding
true freethinkers in East Africa is hard these days. During a function at a
Christian university one day, a lecturer intimated to me that the academic
world has a false sense of freedom: ‘You’re
allowed to think outside the box, as long as that box is inside a larger box.’ I’ve noticed that African educators are
afraid to touch certain issues, like religion or politics. One very loud
Ugandan intellectual and political analyst is very vocal about Kenyan
governance issues (so much so that I initially thought he was Kenyan) but he
apparently doesn’t have the guts to criticize strongman Yoweri Museveni’s regime back
home. Or at least not loudly.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">Who’s
the East African equivalent of <a href="https://www.famousscientists.org/neil-degrasse-tyson/" target="_blank">Dr. Neil De Grasse Tyson</a>, <a href="https://www.ted.com/speakers/richard_dawkins" target="_blank">Dr. Richard Dawkins</a>, <a href="https://stevenpinker.com/">Professor Stephen Pinker</a>, <a href="https://literature.britishcouncil.org/writer/stephen-fry" target="_blank">Stephen Fry</a>, <a href="https://www.vox.com/world/2018/3/26/17144166/jordan-peterson-12-rules-for-life" target="_blank">Dr. Jordan Peterson</a>, <a href="https://www.thersa.org/events/speakers/clotaire-rapaille" target="_blank">Dr. Clotaire Rapaille</a>, <a href="https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/angela-davis" target="_blank">Dr. Angela Davis</a>, et al? Are we living
in Intellectual Lilliput? <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cv66xFD7s7g" target="_blank">Is the man who is tall happy?</a></span></p></div></div><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span><br /></span></span></span><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMMeP7nCYQ-mRtXzErI09CtzFFYp8rirs8M5CShnupL2vH63bK0fpD-vFTczmTBLkKwKGGoSkILueSSOeaXF_19fy5iyYio4Q1Y3Gc0N8ImgazyqAoWfTRo0r5s_MOD6Wlm_fGS5rKV-BGQV_XgqFlGgMs2x9JAvz4Xh0belknouYHOd06keAncgEQoA/s578/image006.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="356" data-original-width="578" height="246" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMMeP7nCYQ-mRtXzErI09CtzFFYp8rirs8M5CShnupL2vH63bK0fpD-vFTczmTBLkKwKGGoSkILueSSOeaXF_19fy5iyYio4Q1Y3Gc0N8ImgazyqAoWfTRo0r5s_MOD6Wlm_fGS5rKV-BGQV_XgqFlGgMs2x9JAvz4Xh0belknouYHOd06keAncgEQoA/w400-h246/image006.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:DocumentProperties>
<o:Version>12.00</o:Version>
</o:DocumentProperties>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
</style>
<![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapedefaults v:ext="edit" spidmax="1026"/>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:shapelayout v:ext="edit">
<o:idmap v:ext="edit" data="1"/>
</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></span>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><i><span>GREAT MINDS: British biologist Richard
Dawkins (left) and American astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson, at Howard
University, USA (2010).</span></i></span></span></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span>Goran Hyden on ‘The Failure
of Africa’s First Intellectuals’ (article), published in <i>Transition </i>journal:</span></span></span></p>
</div><blockquote style="border: medium none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><div><div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small; text-align: justify;">‘Intellectuals should first of all be able
to wield the power of the spoken or written word…The advantage of such a
definition is that any man regardless of occupation or position in society can
be considered an intellectual, provided he has these capacities. </span><span style="font-size: small;"><b style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;">Hence a man like (Guinean president Sékou)
Toure becomes an intellectual despite the fact that he has no higher education
of the type referred to by (Prof. Edward) Shils. Similarly, it means that every
university graduate does not become an intellectual.</b><span style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"> The intellectual might
be a political leader, an administrator, a trade unionist, an author, or a
student. He might be a demagogue, or a theorist, commanding his influence
“behind a screen”. He might be in power or in the opposition.’</span><span style="font-family: inherit; text-align: justify;"> </span></span></p></div></div></div></div></blockquote><div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span> </span></b></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b style="font-family: inherit;"><span>ACADEMIA - THE ROOT CAUSE OF THE PROBLEM?</span></b></span></p><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span><br /></span></span></span></i></span></div><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span> </span></span></span>'High Stakes Poker don't even begin<br />To describe the situation you're in...<br />My clique consists of eighteen scholars<br />And that don't include Dr. Cornell West -<br />He is a shill at best'</i><br />- Payday Monsanto, <i><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7anJILvKCa8" target="_blank">Tyrannus Maximus</a></i> (song)</span></div>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><i style="font-family: inherit;"><span>‘I don’t want scientists. I don’t want
academicians. I don’t want people who do “the right things”. I want people who
do inspiring things.’ - </span></i><span style="font-family: inherit;">Bill
Bernbach, advertising legend</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">Uganda’s Makerere
University has a galaxy of distinguished
alumni that includes Tanzanian President Julius Nyerere, Kenyan President Mwai
Kibaki, Ugandan president Milton Obote, Kenyan novelist/intellectual Ngugi Wa
Thiong'o, Tanzanian President Benjamin Mkapa, Ugandan Presidential candidates
Bobi Wine and Kizza Besigye, Kenyan politician Jaramogi Oginga Odinga, Ugandan
First Lady Janet Museveni, Congolese President Joseph Kabila, famed comedian
Anne Kansiime, musician Mowzey Radio, media personality Gaetano Kagwa,
Kenyan playwright/academician Micere Mugo, iconic poet David Rubadiri, educator
Prof. Austin Bukenya and many other notable personalities. One time, in one of
Kenya's ubiquitous <i>nyama choma </i>joints, an ageing Makererean bragged to us that
he did not consider an east African to be 'properly educated unless they went
to Makerere.'<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">However,
Makerere has received <a href="https://mg.co.za/article/2020-01-29-scandals-embarrass-ugandas-makerere-university/">so
much negative press</a> since the 1990s that some are wondering whether EA’s
oldest university lost its glory. We have seen Makerereans in the popular press
for <a href="https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2017/04/12/african-universities-recruit-too-many-students">strikes</a>,
controversial dons, political issues, and even <a href="https://observer.ug/news/headlines/57514-makerere-swims-in-sexual-scandal-again.html">sex
scandals</a>. What the public would like to see more of are inspirational
alumni, mind-blowing ideas and groundbreaking research. (Those things/people
might exist; we just don’t hear much about them.) One issue seems to be ‘<a href="https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/poverty-matters/2011/sep/09/africa-university-funding-crisis">over-recruitment’</a>.
In a 2005 article titled “<a href="https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2005/nov/18/guardianweekly.guardianweekly1" target="_blank">Hard times for 'Harvard of Africa'</a> ” the UK <i>Guardian
</i>reported:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div><blockquote style="border: medium none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">'But conditions today at Makerere
University, once known as the Harvard of Africa, are an embarrassment. Classes
are crowded, dorms have only intermittent running water, scholarship funds are
depleted and there are long waits for online computers...One reason is that
just as the number of qualified applicants began to soar in the 1990s, the
privatisation movement gained momentum and governments across the continent cut
school funding. Even elite universities such as Makerere came under pressure to
admit more paying students, even though they could not afford to expand their
facilities.'</span></p></div></blockquote><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2017/04/12/african-universities-recruit-too-many-students">A
2017 article in the<i> Economist</i></a>
also covered the ‘overpopulation problem but did not lose sight of the positive
aspects:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">‘MAKERERE UNIVERSITY’S position, on a hilltop commanding a
panoramic view of Kampala, is fitting for a place some call the “Harvard of
Africa”. By many measures, it is the continent’s best college outside South
Africa. But it was closed for two months from November by Uganda’s autocratic
president, Yoweri Museveni, after a strike by lecturers over unpaid bonuses
sparked student protests...The university went through a rough period between
1971 and 1979...But those dark days are past. Makerere’s researchers are now
some of Africa’s most prolific, creating everything from low-cost sanitary pads
to an electric car. Nonetheless the institution’s problems—too many students
and too little money—are all too common across the continent.’<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">Indeed, it’s not all doom
and gloom at the hallowed hilltop. According to the 2021 World University
rankings by Times Higher Education, <a href="https://africa.cgtn.com/2020/09/05/makerere-ranked-5th-best-african-university/">Makerere
University is Africa’s fifth-best university and the best in East Africa</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">In any case, controversies blow
around virtually all institutions of higher learning in EA. As Prof. Olive Mugenda’s term as Vice
chancellor of Kenyatta University for was about to end, her then almost 10-year
tenure came under sharp scrutiny. Most didn’t mind that the beautification of
her campus grounds as well as the creation of on-site businesses were part of
her achievements. However, some members of the public and academia argued that
flowers, hospitals and shopping malls were not academic achievements and they
would have expected breakthroughs in research and development instead.
(Although one could argue that the commercial ventures help generate revenue
which then enhances the academic activity.) Some of the harshest criticism came
from <a href="https://www.facebook.com/mwalimudotcom/photos/a.769108836497939/999842236757930/?comment_id=1026794684062685">a
well-known female media personality who allegedly wrote</a>, in part:<o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><div style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;">‘Why should a lecturer teach a class of
300 students in Chemistry and call it development… Why should we make KU a
market place and call it development. Tell me which journal is published by KU?
Which educational conference preceding has KU hosted under Madam. KU is an
educational institution and its chief trade should be on education, not
building Unicities, buying hotels at the coast, and starting secular TV
stations for the sake of making money…I hope the next VC at KU will restore the
learning culture, not the buildings culture. Oxford has less fancy buildings than
KU but offers one of the best in research and education…’<o:p></o:p></span>
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">The majority
of the public disagreed with this woman-on-woman critique, some calling the
media personality a ‘hater’ who was <a href="https://techtodayradioblog.wordpress.com/2016/03/22/mutoko-take-on-mugenda/">disconnected
from reality</a>. <a href="https://thespotlightweb.blogspot.com/2016/03/churchill-blasts-caroline-mutoko-over.html">One
of her former colleagues in radio broadcasting asked her to apply for the VC’s
soon-to-be-vacant position</a> if she feels she can do a better job. On her
part, the departing VC said that ‘<a href="https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/lifestyle/society/my-track-record-speaks-for-itself-says-prof-mugenda--2111682">her
record spoke for itself’</a>. It’s always good to be fair in one’s criticism,
to examine all the factors/metrics. For example, KU has vast grounds and the student population
has risen by tens over thousands over the past few decades. The VC’s expansion
of infrastructure (buildings, ICT facilities etc) was visionary, and she did one
heck of a fundraising job to accomplish what she did. And the proof of the
pudding is in the eating: According to a 2021 ranking of Kenyan universities by
<a href="https://www.4icu.org/ke/">https://www.4icu.org/ke/</a>, Kenyatta
University is current No. 2, behind only the University of Nairobi. So <a href="https://kenyayote.com/caroline-mutokos-view-on-how-prof-olive-mugenda-ruined-kenyatta-university-in-10-years/" target="_blank">it clearly wasn’t ‘ruined’</a> by anyone, although there's always room for improvement.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">I have
also noticed that EA universities rarely award honorary degrees, even to
academic overachievers from the region. For
instance, Prof. Ngugi wa Thiong’o has at least 12 honorary degrees, including
one from Yale University, but none from Kenyan universities. Wangari Maathai,
who taught (and chaired a department) at a Nairobi university, was honoured
abroad (with multiple conservation-related awards) but had little fanfare at
home, until she became a Nobel laureate.<span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-family: "Times New Roman"; letter-spacing: normal; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; orphans: 2; text-decoration-color: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvHXJ5lGbPdzhSKIFalbj9Kj3bQXtqq95L75EEsVvzwwWTz4v2qTE2CFbUAjgd4JNMDUQmDgr8AJLBjlCn9ahdcNU4Vl2geDtOlSxdWFd24oBkAFV6zL0DgjzKcUxSKvNSDoBtd26jbcfFJJxAEqQ893FcdhoqE6zCRlnz1KY0ht7du6zCDOIEy68-nw/s435/image009.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="290" data-original-width="435" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvHXJ5lGbPdzhSKIFalbj9Kj3bQXtqq95L75EEsVvzwwWTz4v2qTE2CFbUAjgd4JNMDUQmDgr8AJLBjlCn9ahdcNU4Vl2geDtOlSxdWFd24oBkAFV6zL0DgjzKcUxSKvNSDoBtd26jbcfFJJxAEqQ893FcdhoqE6zCRlnz1KY0ht7du6zCDOIEy68-nw/w400-h266/image009.jpg" style="cursor: move;" width="400" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:DocumentProperties>
<o:Version>12.00</o:Version>
</o:DocumentProperties>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
</style>
<![endif]--></span><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span>Prof. Ngũgi wa Thiong’o receiving his 12<sup>th</sup><span> </span>honorary degree</span></i></span></div><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span>(Yale University, 22 May 2017)</span></i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div style="text-align: justify;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: small;">Slightly over a decade ago, an NGO identified a need to effectively deal with the problem of jiggers. In less than ten years, the organization had researched, published, and devised medical solutions to deal with the jigger menace. They had also raised funds and facilitated medical camps where jigger sufferers were treated for free. They travelled to rural villages and schools, educating/training the populace on how to handle the parasites. They further lobbied to gov’t to get involved in their campaign. The Ministry of Health and some other state organs agreed to support the cause. A National Jigger Awareness Day was even declared. The NGO’s founders received numerous accolades at home and abroad. The CEO received an honorary doctorate from an American university. A Kenyan university don immediately complained about awarding the title of ‘doctor’ to some NGO guy. The CEO responded by asking, <b>‘What has he (the critic) done with his PhD?’</b> And that’s the main question of this lengthy article: ‘<b>What’s the purpose of your degrees if they add no value to the world?’</b> Why should we be impressed? If the fundamental requirement of a PhD is ‘to make an original contribution to knowledge’, then why should those achieving that outside academia not be eligible for honorary doctorates? <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;">Also, remember that <i>you </i>are the end-product of your PhD studies, not your thesis/project. If a PhD holder is placed in an important position (like that of a Cabinet Secretary), we expect him or her to handle things more intelligently than your average Joe. We’re almost always disappointed. It has become clear that most academics are not well-rounded people, as Sir Ken Robinson observed in his famous (and I do mean famous) TED Talk titled ‘<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iG9CE55wbtY" target="_blank">Do Schools Kill Creativity?</a>’ For example, if somebody has a PhD in Zoology or Information Technology, that doesn’t mean that they’re good at policy formulation, crisis management, budgeting, handling staff members, dealing with the media etc. That’s why some Dr. or Professor So-or-So will be given a gov’t docket to handle and make a royal mess of it! Communication, social, and managerial skills are vital for all. Not just ‘book knowledge’. Depressingly, all some local academics do is brag about the institutions they attended (especially foreign ones like Stanford, Syracuse, Yale, Harvard, Cambridge, Oxford, Bayreuth etc). To borrow a famous catchphrase from the rap world, ‘Nobody wants to hear that sh*t, Shariff!’</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: small;">I
would argue that the key problem (in the lack/decline of thought leadership)
has less to do with institutions and more to do with their graduates. Statements
like ‘I went to Alliance’, ‘I don’t remember seeing you at Makerere’ and ‘I go
to UoN, the best university in Kenya’ just won’t cut it! We’re looking at <i>you</i>, not your institution/affiliation. It has been said – in this Internet Age – that
some of the best thinkers can be found on YouTube but they ‘don’t have the
backup of a major institution’. Meanwhile, we have been treated to all kinds of
antics by our top brains. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: small;">One Ugandan
PhD holder created a whirlwind of controversy all manner of questionable things
on Social Media. And she can go H.A.M., as if she gets her <a href="https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/vybz-kartel-speaks-after-five-years-in-prison-he-still-rules-dancehall-122188/" target="_blank"><i>vibes </i>from Cartel</a>. She routinely refers to men as ‘penises’ and
women as ‘vaginas’. It’s a good thing she’s a woman ‘cause if a male university
lecturer went around referring to women as mere ‘vaginas’, it would spark
international outrage. Demonstrations by placard-waving ‘feminists’ and ‘civil
society’ would bring the university to a standstill until the penis – my bad,
the man – was fired. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: small;">Meanwhile,
there’s one Kenyan gov’t official who holds a PhD that should probably be
described as a “Player Hating Degree” or ”Permanent Head Damage”. He infamously
tangles with local celebrities for obscure reasons. Rarely <a href="https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=drop%20jewels" target="_blank"><u><span style="color: #0000cc;">drops a jewel</span></u></a> because he’s too busy bragging
about helicopter/plane flights and other mundane stuff best left to
‘socialites’ and entertainers. He also had the gall to compare himself to the
iconic human rights crusader Martin Luther King Jr., mainly because he also has
a thick moustache! There was an online petition, signed by thousands, for him
to be fired. (Seriously, how annoying do you have to be for thousands of
struggling people to take the time to sign a petition against you as a person?)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: small;">There
are so many of these types of controversial brainiacs. What gives?</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZ1L85NY2X7nW-Rz1qOPmmN2GBDuUxLVfcwK_G1u5_vGGeWDo1cZ-sSDFrT96KqoqWf5AL9N7WYGwQYA2LgCFqNz0yrfGMRSTzRynxpcy7od9n_ZT7fRNLxDX4pmROeWD0E5FXhWHI7Lvw1Ul42JiZuI82yq7dvM-TPuQ1cD7IjrA_vOTms8KYHcpBTA/s369/image007.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="369" data-original-width="369" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZ1L85NY2X7nW-Rz1qOPmmN2GBDuUxLVfcwK_G1u5_vGGeWDo1cZ-sSDFrT96KqoqWf5AL9N7WYGwQYA2LgCFqNz0yrfGMRSTzRynxpcy7od9n_ZT7fRNLxDX4pmROeWD0E5FXhWHI7Lvw1Ul42JiZuI82yq7dvM-TPuQ1cD7IjrA_vOTms8KYHcpBTA/w400-h400/image007.jpg" width="400" /> </a></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:DocumentProperties>
<o:Version>12.00</o:Version>
</o:DocumentProperties>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">Here’s
another example of how the local intelligentsia has failed:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">The
annual <a href="https://www.kusiideasfestival.com/" target="_blank">Kusi Festival of Ideas</a> was conceived and sponsored by Nation Media Group,
while celebrating their 60th anniversary. According to one official, the idea
was to map out the next 60 years, as they reflected on the institution’s
history thus far. <b>Why wasn’t the
Festival of Ideas conceived, sponsored and hosted by a university</b>, or
(better still) a consortium of universities? You’d expect the majority of
speakers and panelists to be from academia, not business or politics or media. <span> </span>An excerpt from the <a href="https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiZ1dbh57H3AhVMh_0HHWkGC8IQFnoECA4QAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kusiideasfestival.com%2Fdoc%2Fkusi-ideas-festival-overview.pdf&usg=AOvVaw2g5O5OR95NmXdHhLjrANUR" target="_blank"><i>Kusi Ideas Festival Report 2020</i>:</a><br /></p>
</div></span></span></span></div><blockquote style="border: medium none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><div><div><div><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b><span>‘Nation
Media Group (NMG) launched the Kusi Ideas Festival in 2019 as part of its 60<sup>th</sup>
anniversary celebrations, and to begin building a “Pan African ideas
transaction market” to capitalise on the opportunities and innovations
available to Africa to help her win in the 21<sup>st</sup> Century. The
Festival brings together some of the most free-spirited and bold people calling
out Africa’s challenges, and those turning them into opportunities. For many
years to come, these will be the people shaping the continent. The Festival
allows connections to this valuable cast of players, and gives institutions and
businesses a great opportunity to hitch their wagons to the coming African
Century.’</span></b></p></div></span></span></span></div></div></div></div></blockquote><div><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">I still
can’t believe that the above statement came from a media house as opposed to a
university or one of the many high-falutin well-funded civil society
groups/NGOs operating in Sub-Saharan Africa. Or the African Union itself.
Thought leaders, where art thou?</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/G06GXFPljTc" width="320" youtube-src-id="G06GXFPljTc"></iframe></div><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: justify;"><br /></span></div><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="text-align: justify;">In an article titled ‘Academics Can Change
The World If They Stop Talking Only To Their Peers’, published by </span><a href="https://theconversation.com/academics-can-change-the-world-if-they-stop-talking-only-to-their-peers-55713" style="text-align: justify;">TheConversation.com</a><span style="text-align: justify;">,
one Savo Heleta argued:</span></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: justify; text-autospace: none;"><span>‘<a href="https://www.newscientist.com/round-up/zeros-to-heroes-10-unlikely-ideas-that-changed-the-world">Research
and creative thinking can change the world</a>. <b>This means that academics have enormous power.</b> But, as academics
Asit Biswas and Julian Kirchherr have <a href="http://www.straitstimes.com/opinion/prof-no-one-is-reading-you">warned</a>,
the overwhelming majority are not shaping today’s public debates. Instead,
their work is largely sitting in academic journals that are read almost
exclusively by their peers. Biswas and Kirchherr <a href="http://www.straitstimes.com/opinion/prof-no-one-is-reading-you">estimate</a>
that an average journal article is read completely by no more than ten people.’</span></p> <br /></div></span></span><span style="line-height: 115%;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgME-vc4aEB-C_r8C1SADTOhJVLZPfS77zOx3t1iv4pAvXFPJlFUtfKvWph1YdgP-6vM4unKjJ7-i2GxFXbi3o3K2Ea4BMySVt3AfLPD5mU6W7lDZq8gRrEHIRt1TQvJ_BOrTXvXuE6Ol4VU4JXhjNkE-2UzrA1zYV3c3twgbwEGNSLHV0RP3zq2cM5Qg/s402/image008.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="402" data-original-width="283" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgME-vc4aEB-C_r8C1SADTOhJVLZPfS77zOx3t1iv4pAvXFPJlFUtfKvWph1YdgP-6vM4unKjJ7-i2GxFXbi3o3K2Ea4BMySVt3AfLPD5mU6W7lDZq8gRrEHIRt1TQvJ_BOrTXvXuE6Ol4VU4JXhjNkE-2UzrA1zYV3c3twgbwEGNSLHV0RP3zq2cM5Qg/w281-h400/image008.jpg" width="281" /></a></div></span></span><p style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span>So what
are EA’s intellectuals doing instead of supplying the ideas the region
desperately needs? Well, I don’t know but they sure spend a lot of time arguing
amongst themselves! It’s interesting that the acronym for Pull Him/Her Down
syndrome is PHD! Example: In a WhatsApp group that includes many academics, a
British-educated activist once posted a premise on how ‘pockets of excellence’
can be found within dysfunctional systems (such as failed states). Her
point/conclusion being that the said pockets are not an indication of a
functional system because it is quite possible for certain elements to ‘benefit
from the dysfunction, rather than be harmed by it.’ I thought it was a sound
argument. For example, there are many Kenyan and millionaires and billionaires
who made their money via corruption. Thus, even though they appear to be
‘thriving’, they are by no means an indication of a healthy economy – they are
beneficiaries of a sick society. What did other brainiacs think of the
argument? One responded thus:</span></span></span></p></div><blockquote style="border: medium none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">‘This is
empty verbosity. It describes the nothingness of nothing. It's high sounding
blubbering which falls short of the philosophical threshold to be considered a
treatise. Whatever she might deem as a system must have components and those
should be concisely described. What is killing the world now is not the
dysfunctioning of political systems but state capture by capital -
Neoliberalism…’</span></span></p></div></blockquote><p></p><div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">…And on
and on he raved. I consider such responses to be <i>ad hominem</i> attacks
aimed at bringing somebody else down a peg or two. I mentioned this type of
jousting to a fellow writer and he said, ‘Never mind that! It’s called
“academic slugging”. They do it all the time.’ Well, concede that ‘iron
sharpens iron’ but I maintain that this type of ‘academic slugging’ does more
harm than good.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">An
insight from an article written by Sudanese griot Taban Lo Liyong, and </span><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blog/post/edit/8867540652900306681/4941963744068100492"><span style="color: blue; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">published
in the <i>Daily Nation</i></span></a></span><span style="font-size: small;">:</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"> <br /></span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small; text-align: justify;">'Kenyan intellectuals have never been kind
to foreigners of more superlative endowments and achievements. In the early
1960s, Ezekiel (Es’kia) Mphahlele came here and established Chemchemi Cultural
Centre. A leading Kenyan daily editor and a leading Kenyan editor for a foreign
publishing house managed to frustrate him and send him packing…</span></span></p></div><blockquote style="border: medium none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div><div><div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span> </span></span></span></span></p></div></div></div></div></blockquote><div><div><div><div><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span>John Ruganda, upon his return from Canada,
with a PhD on how Francis Imbuga tells the truth laughingly, was thrown out of
Kenya through the machinations, largely, of one Chris Wanjala. The ground for
the action was that he had no work permit to stage a play in Kenya. What was
wrong with going to get him a work-permit so that he could train and employ
Kenyan actors and actresses? So that he could help develop theatre in Kenya?</span></span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span> </span></span></span></span></p><span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><span>Sometime in 1973 or 1974, Okot p’Bitek and
I used to be feted by the Goethe Institute, Paa ya Paa Art Gallery, the USIS,
British Council, etc. One day after we had read our poems and were drinking the
whisky or Tusker with which Franz Nagel entertained us and our followers after
work, four of our young Kenyan followers turned nationalistically nasty. They
demanded to know why we were so popular in the cultural circuit of Nairobi. Why
should we Ugandans monopolise these houses? Why were they (Kenyans) being
shunned? Why don’t we go back to our country? Okot started driving to Kisumu
that very night in his Jaguar. In reverse!'</span></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span>Have you
also noticed that many EA dons seek greener pastures abroad? The recent
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RSwXmX1mzs8" target="_blank">Tanzanian Nobel Literature Prize winner Abdulrazak Gurnah</a>, for example, was
largely unknown in his home country because he has lived in the UK for the past
50 years. Incidentally, if you want to learn Kiswahili – the closest thing to
an East African <i>lingua franca</i> – then
one of the best places to do that is in…London, England. Brain drain tings. </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span>One Kenyan
retiring university Chancellor cited the beautification of her campus grounds
as well as the creation of on-site businesses as part of her achievements. But
most members of the public argued that flowers, hospitals and shopping malls were
not academic achievements and they would have expected breakthroughs in
research and development instead. (Although one could argue that the commercial
ventures help generate revenue which then enhances the academic activity.)</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span>We’re
still waiting to be inspired by the self-styled ‘academic giants’.<span> </span>‘Cause if this is the best our "intellectuals"
can do, then we’re not impressed.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span> <br /></span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFTfk9u9W985TPr43Cm_JsewKGPaRj59n-jS85c2mp3jVXhr02leDSgYnm85hv6TXhm_3JoeQdrQx4qCATe-7xAUjoI6Lcm6gBfKOEiOeeq8NazhTdDita4s1TiEWSeXdZXDnuvzND8yCkHD1C4l220idqZBLPGEHAjFyB8G6vcVbZh5aO53f5sl2mwg/s480/image010.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="383" data-original-width="480" height="319" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFTfk9u9W985TPr43Cm_JsewKGPaRj59n-jS85c2mp3jVXhr02leDSgYnm85hv6TXhm_3JoeQdrQx4qCATe-7xAUjoI6Lcm6gBfKOEiOeeq8NazhTdDita4s1TiEWSeXdZXDnuvzND8yCkHD1C4l220idqZBLPGEHAjFyB8G6vcVbZh5aO53f5sl2mwg/w400-h319/image010.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span><br /></span></b></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span>INTERLUDE (STOP THE BEAT)</span></b></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span> </span></b></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><i style="font-family: inherit; text-align: center;"><span>‘It (writing novels) is not an
intellectual exercise. I don’t think of myself as an intellectual. I consider
myself a craftsman.’ </span></i><span style="font-family: inherit; text-align: center;">–
John Irving, bestselling novelist</span></span></p><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small; text-align: center;"><br /></span><span style="font-size: small;"><i style="font-family: inherit;"><span>‘Now, I’m accused of spiking the punch /
And I’ll be the scapegoat for faking a funk’<br /></span></i><span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span>–
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P0No7iAqLHM" target="_blank">P.M. Dawn, </a><i><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P0No7iAqLHM" target="_blank">Plastic</a> </i>(song)</span></span></span></span></div>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/bwdaEPGCGxk" width="320" youtube-src-id="bwdaEPGCGxk"></iframe></span></p><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: left;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">You’ll
never hear me call myself a ‘brainiac’ or ‘intellectual’ or anything like that.
Non-authors tend to think people who write books are pretty brainy, but that’s
not necessary true. You just need to know a lot about your subject and posses
some writing skills (What is commonly referred to as having ‘the storytelling
gift’). There are pre-teens who have published storybooks. It’s not necessarily
an intellectual exercise. Until recently, I didn’t even like the word
‘intellectual’. Truth be told, I used to view it a fancy word for ‘nerd/geek’. I say all this to ward off <i>Ad Hominem</i> attacks, another intellectual
crime that self-styled ‘academic giants’ often commit. When someone proposes an
idea or argument that you strongly disagree with, you’re supposed to poke holes
in the proposed thing, not launch a personal attack on the mover of the
idea/motion/argument. That’s not how a debate works. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">One does
not have to be a chef to criticize the cooking. Likewise, any member of the
public is free to challenge any ideas, even those put forth by people far more
academically advanced than oneself. Dismissing critics because they’re not
scholars or don’t have the same academic background as you is just avoiding
debate; dodging potentially embarrassing discourse.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;">Personally,
I have never claimed to be the smartest person in the room. Hell, I used to
seek the company of academic heavyweights just to soak in the intellectual
brilliance. I am an Eternal Student. I love to learn new things. But I don’t
claim to be any type of ‘scholar’ or ‘academic’. I have the same standpoint as
Graham Hancock, author of <i>Fingerprints of
the Gods</i>, <i>Magician of the Gods</i>
etc<b>:</b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b> <br /></b></span></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>‘I
am not an archaeologist. I am not an anthropologist. I am not any kind of
"ist", including a scientist. I am a writer. And I don't claim to be
anything else than that. I am a person who writes books; who gets engaged in
mysteries, who explores those mysteries, who investigates them and who writes
about them.’ <o:p></o:p></b></span></p></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:DocumentProperties>
<o:Version>12.00</o:Version>
</o:DocumentProperties>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
</style>
<![endif]--></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:DocumentProperties>
<o:Version>12.00</o:Version>
</o:DocumentProperties>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
</style>
<![endif]--></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbRfkVGY5nrqaC54a_oiUmeQT492yeXpSdfyDvabIbIZMZLZ1_9-e2pMhdNTUGKR2j8IvwUr-ZowQinI6h4gQGnIxAXGhQkLH3Cj6f5FtKjAOR4vvvA6K_ctu55mhxSR7FQo7OEb1q-4mpDux2LnM0kHmf8jzaDXuPcA2ipxHHde8I_jg0eASSBG2ADQ/s960/Hancock.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="540" data-original-width="960" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbRfkVGY5nrqaC54a_oiUmeQT492yeXpSdfyDvabIbIZMZLZ1_9-e2pMhdNTUGKR2j8IvwUr-ZowQinI6h4gQGnIxAXGhQkLH3Cj6f5FtKjAOR4vvvA6K_ctu55mhxSR7FQo7OEb1q-4mpDux2LnM0kHmf8jzaDXuPcA2ipxHHde8I_jg0eASSBG2ADQ/w400-h225/Hancock.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:DocumentProperties>
<o:Version>12.00</o:Version>
</o:DocumentProperties>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
</style>
<![endif]--></span>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span>Bestselling non-fiction author, Graham
Hancock</span></i></span></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span>And yet,
I am willing to bet that I have been invited to speak in more universities and conferences
- locally and internationally - than the average East African professor. Why would institutions of higher
learning want to ‘pick my brains’ (and those of other scribes)? Let me give you
an example. I wrote a book titled <a href="https://nuriakenya.com/product/kiss-commander-promise-by-alexander-nderitu/" target="_blank"><i>Kiss,
Commander, Promise</i></a>.<span> </span>It contains ten
fictional short stories inspired by actual events. The topics it covers include
the Rwandan Genocide, Human Genetic Cloning, HIV/AIDS treatment, nuclear politics,
and urban crime in Kenya. A ton of research went into those tales. Why wouldn’t
educators in disciplines related to those themes (say, Genetics) not want the
author to discuss those ideas with his/her students; or to present a paper at
similarly-themed conference? By contrast, if you’re, say, a university don that
wrote a brilliant paper on HIV vaccines or the viability of human clones and
only shared it with a few people then why would researchers and the wider
public invite you to discuss it? You’re invisible. There’s no interface between
you and the rest of the world. Sc-fi writer Arthur C. Clarke (author of <i>2001: A Space Odyssey</i>) was a one-man
think-tank for NASA in his later life. He is said to be ‘the father of the
geo-stationary satellite’. American novelist Tom Clancy (author of <i>The Hunt for Red October</i>) had no
military or intelligence background at all. (He was an insurance salesman
before best-sellerdom claimed him.) But his thrillers were so expertly packed
with research information that he was often invited to lecture to <i>military audiences</i> and was a consultant
on US military affairs! </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span> </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span>POLITICS – AN INTELLECTUAL GRAVEYARD?</span></b></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span> </span></b></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span> </span></b></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><i style="font-family: inherit; text-align: center;"><span>‘If you’re emotionally attached to your
tribe, religion or political leaning to the point that truth and justice become
secondary considerations, your education is useless. Your exposure is useless.
If you cannot reason beyond petty sentiments, you are a liability to mankind.’</span></i><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span><i> </i>-
Dr. Chuba Okadigbo, Nigerian politician, writer and intellectual</span></span></span></p><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span> </span><i><span>‘While revolutionaries as individuals can
be murdered, you cannot kill ideas.’</span></i><span> – Thomas Sankara (Burkina Faso)</span></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVnKNPNb8U2493MxgwrBfLpIVzYR7w_ADDtQwu_YwryQZ5ojRmSjfunhqAz8Qx0dauIzNomB6-PqhnPlk1w7Uof-5DJQcmCJFpLRFqvaWeWdM7vx3xAq3xs2IhhTU3RpuorlttbmvHhdUJW948XJ5AMjjLvissudLSlcUWO_EdC7ttQ2q8p6MZoacm6A/s500/Soyinka.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="498" data-original-width="500" height="319" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVnKNPNb8U2493MxgwrBfLpIVzYR7w_ADDtQwu_YwryQZ5ojRmSjfunhqAz8Qx0dauIzNomB6-PqhnPlk1w7Uof-5DJQcmCJFpLRFqvaWeWdM7vx3xAq3xs2IhhTU3RpuorlttbmvHhdUJW948XJ5AMjjLvissudLSlcUWO_EdC7ttQ2q8p6MZoacm6A/s320/Soyinka.jpg" width="320" /></a></span><span style="font-size: small;"></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;">It has been rightly said that politicians will always be more popular than intellectuals because an intellectual makes you think while a politician relieves you of that duty. So if there's one thing that simultaneously surprises and saddens me, it’s seeing renowned 'intellectuals' in the
pockets of politicians. Some will even hop from one politician/political
affiliation to another, depending on the perks. We all need money. I’m not
knocking your hustle. All I’m saying is that when you accept to become little
more than mouthpiece/apologist/propagandist/strategist for some rich politico,
you do it at the expense of your credibility. If today you’re touting
Politician A’s policies/stance/candidature and tomorrow you have defected to
Politician B’s side and are now touting an opposing viewpoint, then I just
can’t take you seriously any more. How do I know that tomorrow you won’t be
trying to sell me yet another opposing set of ideas because you’re now on the
payroll of a third Mr. Big? It’s ludicrous. It demeans intellectualism. And yet
our Social Media and TV chat shows are awash with this type of intellectual
balderdash. Every so often, but especially during the campaign seasons, we are
treated to the verbal/textual equivalent of hired goons arguing it out on TV or
Social Media or newspapers. Academics and other brainiacs clashing violently
over their political godfathers; for a paycheck, out of fanaticism, or because
they just don’t think very hard. No objectivity or balance. That’s how you get
intelligent, educated people defending/promoting <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0zrYUmppTqg" target="_blank">nonsense like BBI</a>. Respected
intellectuals are reduced to little more than ‘educated sycophants’.</div></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span>If the
point I am trying to put across is still not clear, then please allow me to
solicit help from a more senior scribe than I – veteran Nigerian author and
advocate Chuma Nwokolo, in an article titled ‘<a href="https://nwokolo.com/y/the-hooker-intellectual/">The Hooker Intellectual</a>’:</span></span></span></p>
</div></div></div></div><blockquote style="border: medium none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px;"><div><div><div><div style="text-align: justify;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span>'The great crime of the public intellectual is the pimping of intellect, the prostitution of a gift of rationality to the service of paymasters. Yet, at one level, this is what the rest of the world does daily without condemnation. The farmer sells <i>gari</i> to every willing buyer, does not question their morality. The barber shaves every chin that presents itself, without assessing its owner’s criminality. Why should the intellectual secretly hired to spin the sins of his employer as virtue be vilified when he is merely selling his talents, doing what the rest of the world does daily?<br /><br />The answer is that they do so under false pretences. The farmer who offers yellow <i>gari</i> does not dress it up as an avocado. Neither does the barber offer his blade in service as a brain surgeon. What the intellectual prostitute does however is to pimp white elephants as essential infrastructure for profit, to present worthless partisan opinions purchased in a beer parlour – or ivory tower – transaction as a rigorously-thought out opinion presented in service of nation...<br /><br />Every day, thousands of thinkers, reporters, writers, scholars, mentors, take to the media to sell their ethnic interests as national, to argue the virtues of some politician over the other. In suing for sympathy for their candidates, the most honest argument they can truly make is often “My thief is better than yours,” but no: for self interest, common thieves are dressed up as statesmen and presented as messiahs to deluded nations that see blood plainly and drink it as milk. A clear case of those who are willing to be lost falling into the hands of those willing to sell them out; which is why <b>the pimping of intellect is the public intellectual’s great crime.</b>’</span></span></span></p></div></div></div></div></blockquote><div><div><div><div style="text-align: justify;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0dlAU3pUOHeAi2c7P4v4wWSMpLBxm2HcBWRfgrHWitdhlFuMw18vZL7gdChy0XD02bgLWKsuW3iuUncWD0q0_2-p1g2C7c2V_dUb9ufOZcIySYXfKQqqAsWF1wOeyBjRJrVCqlNupcQmgY9jMnkS-2_g4qF3-uTVWhBeqtsJPOnDWuZp5svPEkkvv8A/s680/PLO.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="680" data-original-width="644" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0dlAU3pUOHeAi2c7P4v4wWSMpLBxm2HcBWRfgrHWitdhlFuMw18vZL7gdChy0XD02bgLWKsuW3iuUncWD0q0_2-p1g2C7c2V_dUb9ufOZcIySYXfKQqqAsWF1wOeyBjRJrVCqlNupcQmgY9jMnkS-2_g4qF3-uTVWhBeqtsJPOnDWuZp5svPEkkvv8A/w379-h400/PLO.jpg" width="379" /></a></span></p>
<span style="font-size: small;"><!--[if !mso]>
<style>
v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
.shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
</style>
<![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:DocumentProperties>
<o:Version>12.00</o:Version>
</o:DocumentProperties>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
</style>
<![endif]--></span></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span>One idea
that radical intellectuals like to revisit (especially when their
paymasters/tin gods lose elections) is secession. Threatening to secede has become
a political gambit. It’s easy for someone to call multi-ethnic nations like
Kenya and Uganda forced marriages and advocate for their splintering into
several smaller countries (citing successful tiny nations as benchmarks) but is
it <i>wise</i>? Remember what happened when
Biafra tried to secede from Nigeria? Remember the horror, the destruction, the
hunger, the millions of lives lost and the final surrender? Is that what you
want for East African states and if not, why spread such dangerous ideas? </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span>South
Sudan’s divorce from the northern part of what was then Africa’s largest
country took over 20 years (the longest-recorded civil war in history) and cost
over 1 million lives (ie. a megadeath). Was the ‘self-determination’ worth it?
Is SS a prosperous, admirable, and peaceful nation today? Are the citizens
living in The Promised Land/Canaan/Utopia? Shortly after the birth of the new
nation, civil strife erupted when the president and his deputy fell apart.<span> </span>Once again, lives were shattered, investors
discouraged, and dreams dashed. A peace mission by other countries has been
trying to midwife a peace deal between warring factions. The guns are yet to
truly fall silent.</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span>What
about <a href="https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2021-03-17-kenya-case-at-icj-somalia-is-ungrateful-expansionist-neighbour/" target="_blank">Somalia, our ungrateful neighbour</a> to the northwest? Is it now more
prosperous now that it has splintered into three different states (two of which
are not internally recognized?) Or will the political-military-diplomatic
wrangles stifle national progress for the foreseeable future? </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span>Should EA
republics fall or fail due to secession attempts that were enthusiastically
fanned by thought leaders, then the said leaders will be partially responsible
for the human and socio-economic toll.<span>
</span>Don’t write books, articles and papers analyzing the ‘failed state(s)’
as if there was nothing you could have done, no positive contribution you could
have made. Even if it is baptized as ‘self determination’ and packaged as a
romantic idea dipped in manufactured ‘patriotism’, secession is often a
dick-measuring contest between power-hungry warlords fired up by the notion of
ruling their own countries. Why not spread ideas of <i>unity</i> instead? Why not advocate for Pan-Africanism - or even a
United States of Africa – like Emperor Haile Selassie, Mwalimu Julius Nyerere,
Dr. Kwame Nkrumah and Brotherly Leader <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FzVhyUIkm0E" target="_blank">Muammar Gaddafi </a>did? <b>Why is division more important than unity, and war more urgent than
peace?</b></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span><b> </b></span></span></span></p>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/x4n0cwacV5Q" width="320" youtube-src-id="x4n0cwacV5Q"></iframe><br /></span></div><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: small;">As for
‘the publics’, nobody is coming to save you: grow up. Seeing your sweaty faces
beaming during every election rally and then crying foul when the two-faced
candidates gain power and betray you is getting old. Personally, I have never
been disappointed by a politician. I expect nothing good from them, and they
always deliver! No politico is gonna give you Utopia, Black man/woman. Despite
their campaign pledges/promises, they have no superpowers to achieve miracles.
Some are downright crooks and never even intended to help you in the first
place. We call this ‘<i>Tumbo</i> (Stomach)
Politics’ or ‘<i>Tumbo</i>-cracy’ in Kenya –
when the main motivation for one to plunge into politics is so that he can
gorge on public resources and other personal perks that come with high office.
There are <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bg2FpnXStJk" target="_blank">no saints in politics, only sinners</a>. Vote soberly.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></p></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/WIuMZmagvUk" width="320" youtube-src-id="WIuMZmagvUk"></iframe><br /></span></div><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: small;">Addressing
the shocking <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5yZkFHaRdMM" target="_blank">#COVIDmillionaires</a> scandal, one Kenyan Senator commented that the
Bible says that such acts will attract generational curses. Really? Then why
aren’t Germany, Great Britain, USA and other nations known for genocides and
multiple war efforts over the centuries suffering from ‘generational curses’? Why
do nations that are even more religious than Kenya (eg. Saudi Arabia, Israel,
Pakistan, India etc) still have local justice systems instead of relying on
divine providence? If you spotted an old lady being mugged on the street, would
you rush to help her or would you let her suffer whatever indignity might
befall her because you believe that the crook will be tried by God on Judgment
Day? Lady, we live on Earth and, here, there’s what is called The Law of the
Land. That’s what we live by. Whatever the gods decide to do or not to do is
not within our domain. All that is required for evil to thrive is for good
people to do nothing. If I was that Senator’s appointing authority, I would have
dropped her like a mix tape! Incidentally, I’ve seen her speaking on TV a
couple of times but I’ve never heard her <a href="https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=drop%20jewels" target="_blank">drop jewels</a> (say something wise/knowledgeable).
In my humble opinion, she’s just a chick with plum job.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span>And
talking of people with plum jobs, a Ugandan minister was once quoted in the
papers as being an apologist for trans-Atlantic slavery. She reportedly said
that the 500-year slave trade (in which millions of Africans were kidnapped,
brutalized, dehumanized, and murdered) was justified because - according to the
Bible - the Jews were once held captive in Egypt. For real. Some Negros never
got over their Post-Slavery Syndrome (a variant of the Stockholm Syndrome). Even
their minds were colonized. To quote political icon Patrice Lumumba (DRC), <b>‘The liberation of the minds of the African
people will be a tougher battle than the eradication of settler regimes.’</b></span></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span> </span><b><span>APARTHEID</span></b></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>'</b></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><i><span>Science is but a perversion of itself
unless it has, as its ultimate goal, the advancement of humanity.’ </span></i></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span>-
Nikola Tesla, 1919</span></span></span></p><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span> </span></span></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/jMGuZDKiihM" width="320" youtube-src-id="jMGuZDKiihM"></iframe></span></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span>Dig
this. Individual nations like France, UK, USA, Russia, China, India and
Pakistan have nuclear arsenals (while others like Germany are protected with <a href="https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/news_180087.htm" target="_blank">nuclear weapons under the NATO banner)</a>, but the entire African continent, has no
nuclear defence/deterrence capabilities. Furthermore, many African nations have
signed nuclear non-testing/proliferation treaties without demanding that the
nuclear powers do the same. What’s sauce for the goose is good for the gander.
One can’t say that certain countries may develop nuclear weaponry but not
others. That’s <a href="https://northcarolina.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.5149/9780807895849_maddock/upso-9780807833551" target="_blank"><b>nuclear apartheid</b></a>.
Restrictions around nuclear posture are so harsh that developing nations are
unable to harness nuclear energy even for peaceful purposes such as vehicle propulsion
and electricity generation. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/1993/03/25/world/south-africa-says-it-built-6-atom-bombs.html" target="_blank">According to the <i>New York Times</i></a> and other analytical sources, part of the reason why Frederick De Clerk’s
administration <i>voluntarily</i> dismantled
South Africa’s nuclear weapons programme was so that it wouldn’t fall into
Black hands! (<a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2017/09/north-korea-south-africa/539265/" target="_blank">De Clerk denied this</a> but that is hardly surprising) The Rainbow Nation was then about to make an inevitable transfer
of power from the White apartheid regime to Black rule. Think about that for a minute.
Notice that to this day, <a href="https://theconversation.com/nuclear-disarmament-how-africa-can-play-a-role-in-securing-a-nuclear-weapons-free-world-170149" target="_blank"><b>no Black-led
gov’ts control nuclear arms</b></a>. SA went<b>
from racial apartheid to nuclear and economic apartheid.</b> Not much has
changed for the nation’s majority Blacks. The biggest land owners, corporate
titans, and high networth individuals are still either White or Asian. Correct
me if I’m <i>right</i>. Some parts are
literally segregated ie. <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2019/oct/24/an-indictment-of-south-africa-whites-only-town-orania-is-booming" target="_blank">Whites-only neighbourhoods</a>/gated communities. We’ve
been bamboozled. You don’t need <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vF-lF7slKV4" target="_blank"><span>Billy Crystal to
analyze <i>that</i></span>. </a></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span><br /></span></span></span></p>
<span style="font-size: small;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:DocumentProperties>
<o:Version>12.00</o:Version>
</o:DocumentProperties>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
</style>
<![endif]--></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQC9gu3Y_gOvF4PRYbk6Ln3yNHQtrUW6f1V7LJxN4gvd9VD_Pzzv1hL2By8lKKRYjOf9yu7_ryYpc3VhnLUq1cIvUOwUUuiZsYsPEo1BU02jKECZVJbZ6umL4R0pkA4b5wlmsivTdtrKXUWc1MPulRdcXXVndjWvTEniu1iyMUAp-exodKLmPUxF3h-Q/s480/FB_IMG_1565260200087.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="480" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQC9gu3Y_gOvF4PRYbk6Ln3yNHQtrUW6f1V7LJxN4gvd9VD_Pzzv1hL2By8lKKRYjOf9yu7_ryYpc3VhnLUq1cIvUOwUUuiZsYsPEo1BU02jKECZVJbZ6umL4R0pkA4b5wlmsivTdtrKXUWc1MPulRdcXXVndjWvTEniu1iyMUAp-exodKLmPUxF3h-Q/w400-h400/FB_IMG_1565260200087.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></span></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span> </span></b></span></span></p><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span>ECONOMICS – IT’S ALL ABOUT THE <a href="https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=scrilla" target="_blank">SCRILLA</a></span></b></span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"></p>
<div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><i><span>‘We do not want any more agitation, any
more disorder, any more pointless words, any more slogans. The only slogan for
the moment must be “economic progress”.’</span></i><span> – Patrice Lumumba, first DRC prime minister</span></span></span></div><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span><br /></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span> </span><i><span>‘See Imma tell you like Wu told me / Cash
rules everything around me.’<br /></span></i></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span><span> </span>– Wyclef Jean, <i>Sweetest Girl </i>(rap song)</span></span></span></div><div style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span> </span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:DocumentProperties>
<o:Version>12.00</o:Version>
</o:DocumentProperties>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
</style>
<![endif]--></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://alexandernderitu.blogspot.com/2020/01/" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="258" data-original-width="480" height="215" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicsuOHXLwtV4ZoDl_jOJrN6sU1co6tyIL001UilhEpFuca9gWaLUgh1phLV3QzkJdYNFWxmNHhUZYpuJz8hRdZBP1N13Ejj77VQYGgwW9Euu5ui60XIm2JaHRK_sAGTp_crxrwKbl6ih8aaHa8f5xotkgpzH4O_uuFjpMTYonoPNeM8n0-6IbIYmPKqw/w400-h215/FB_IMG_1536936701223.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></span></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span>‘Rich’
European nations like the UK and <a href="https://twitter.com/africafactszone/status/1357776305035567105?lang=en" target="_blank">France have impressive gold reserves but nogold mines</a>. Meanwhile, nations like Tanzania, Mali, and South Africa have gold
mines but no gold reserves. The equation doesn’t balance. Somebody’s getting
the shaft here, no pun intended! What we expect from our economists is
actionable advice like this:</span></span></span></p><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span> </span><b><span> </span></b></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span> ‘What
is needed for Africa today is for us to remove the shackles of the mind. We are
a sick and wounded people and we need healing…Let’s de-colonize ourselves.
Let’s eliminate the legacy of slavery…The dumb things we do as Black people are
mind-boggling…65% of the world’s cocoa comes from West Africa yet we do not
dictate the price of cocoa.<span> </span>Why aren’t
we manufacturing our own hot chocolate and chocolate bars? It’s only now that
Ghana is beginning to have value addition…and that’s still a pittance compared
with what we should be doing. There is a whole city built in Pennsylvania –
Hershi – based on the cocoa from West Africa. There is a whole city based in
Cadbury…Same thing…It goes back to the stupidity that I talk about. That we all
must wake up and say enough is enough. This stupidity has got to stop. We, the
richest continent on earth, have got to have value addition to our natural
resources before they live the continent. We…must and will dictate the prices
of our natural resources.’<span> </span></span></b><span><span>-<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cFa_9w9tetY" target="_blank"><b><i>Dr. Arikana Chihombori, Removing Shackles Off Of The Mind</i></b></a> (video) </span></span></span><b><span> <br /></span></b></span></span></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">I am
appalled by the lack of discourse and information (articles, books, YouTube
videos, public lectures etc) on such pertinent economic issues as the <a href="https://afcfta.au.int/en" target="_blank"> African Continental Free Trade Area</a>, <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HIPvlQOCfAQ" target="_blank">foreign 'aid'</a>, and Sino-African relations. So here are some quotable quotes to give
our economists (clearly much-needed) food for thought:</span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span>‘From
all these continents, under whose eyes Europe today raises up her tower of
opulence, there has flowed out for centuries toward that same Europe diamonds
and oil, silk and cotton, wood and exotic products. <b>Europe is literally the creation of the third world</b>. The wealth
which smothers her is that which <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Europe-Underdeveloped-Africa-Walter-Rodney/dp/1788731182" target="_blank">was stolen from the under-developed peoples</a>.
The ports of Holland, the docks of Bordeaux and Liverpool were specialized in
the Negro slave trade, and owe their renown to millions of deported slaves. So
when we hear the head of a European state declare with his hand on his heart
that he must come to the aid of the poor under-developed peoples, we do not
tremble with gratitude. Quite the contrary; we say to ourselves: “It’s a just
reparation which will be paid to us.” ’ – Frantz Fanon (West Indies)</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span>‘Africa
is a paradox which illustrates and highlights neo-colonialism. Her earth is
rich, yet the products that come from above and below the soil continue to
enrich, not Africans predominantly, but groups and individuals who operate to
Africa’s impoverishment.’ – From<i>
Neo-Colonialism: the Last Stage of Imperialism </i>(1965)</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span>‘Unless
we meet this obvious and very powerful threat with a unified African front,
based upon a common economic and defence policy, the strategy of the
imperialist will be to pick us off and destroy us one by one.’ (<i>Africa Must Unite</i>, page xvii).</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span>‘Africa needs back its
economy, its politics, its culture, its languages and all its patriotic
writers.’ - Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o, Kenyan author and intellectual</span></span></span></p>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">‘Capitalism means that the masses will work, and
a few people — who may not labour at all — will benefit from that work. The few
will sit down to a banquet, and the masses will eat whatever is left over.’ – Mwalimu
Julius Nyerere (Tanzania)</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:DocumentProperties>
<o:Version>12.00</o:Version>
</o:DocumentProperties>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
</style>
<![endif]--></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0OnBlAAWdVJw44UdQ35YZoE-7xmCdEhHcLnRcE1vO4qZIV90yHEzNl2l9E4x8hyjCPAZ_TYQwsWONK-v2mdX-dG_Nr4bhJz9RAX-7i2rgzKJMIBKwcXu_VFxf-PdbnqhrWgVe5G4o1GIO_kXldNLv5hmUDE5FgBJnb9cdak8xhMY9UikrD3M3n9QkWw/s474/FB_IMG_1603827613879.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="398" data-original-width="474" height="336" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0OnBlAAWdVJw44UdQ35YZoE-7xmCdEhHcLnRcE1vO4qZIV90yHEzNl2l9E4x8hyjCPAZ_TYQwsWONK-v2mdX-dG_Nr4bhJz9RAX-7i2rgzKJMIBKwcXu_VFxf-PdbnqhrWgVe5G4o1GIO_kXldNLv5hmUDE5FgBJnb9cdak8xhMY9UikrD3M3n9QkWw/w400-h336/FB_IMG_1603827613879.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></span></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span>‘Debt is
a cleverly managed re-conquest of Africa. It is a re-conquest that turns each
one of us into a financial slave.’ – Thomas Sankara (Burkina Faso), speaking at
the OAU Summit in 1987</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span>‘For a
colonized people the most essential value, because the most concrete, is first
and foremost the land: the land which will bring them bread and, above all,
dignity.’ – Frantz Fanon, author of <i>The Wretched
of the Earth</i></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span>‘The
problem is that many times people suspend their common sense because they get
drowned in business models and Harvard business school teachings.’ – Mo Ibrahim
(Sudan)</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span>‘Africa,
after all, is the richest continent on the face of the earth. Properly
organized, should be the most powerful continent on the face of the earth.’ –
Kwame Toure on ‘Making the Unconscious Aware of Their Unconscious Behaviour’
(lecture)</span></span></span></p></div><div><p style="text-align: center;">
</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/OxImEigBCTE" width="320" youtube-src-id="OxImEigBCTE"></iframe></span></div>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span>OUR LEARNED FRIENDS</span></b></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span> </span><i><span>‘A lawyer with his briefcase can steal
more than a hundred men with guns.’ </span></i></span>–
Mario Puzo, author of </span><span style="font-size: small;"><i style="font-family: inherit;">The Godfather</i></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span> </span><i><span>‘Educated well within your paradigm / But
you have no idea <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hE1HkWexuOk" target="_blank">you’re a slave to Maritime</a> (Law)’ </span></i></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;">–
Payday Monsanto, </span><span style="font-size: small;"><i style="font-family: inherit;">Psycho </i><span style="font-family: inherit;">(song)</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:DocumentProperties>
<o:Version>12.00</o:Version>
</o:DocumentProperties>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
</style>
<![endif]--></span></p><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ4QqkauCrB1r_GyFSZi4Be6tYqPqdAnB0_0N-pCxIHszgTL_NbZDRvSvSxsorifQT1KV-BSUPLgDjPAL4oJOni5vC3h5r-jh2b06K2EC_T19lzVRcqFRDBGcDtloOiib4RmdbYO9VnUcuqqcIgXNa9lIrunVY33nQzceNPSan64GnARFzSTI-P1-kvQ/s643/FB_IMG_1643039460913.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="643" data-original-width="475" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ4QqkauCrB1r_GyFSZi4Be6tYqPqdAnB0_0N-pCxIHszgTL_NbZDRvSvSxsorifQT1KV-BSUPLgDjPAL4oJOni5vC3h5r-jh2b06K2EC_T19lzVRcqFRDBGcDtloOiib4RmdbYO9VnUcuqqcIgXNa9lIrunVY33nQzceNPSan64GnARFzSTI-P1-kvQ/w295-h400/FB_IMG_1643039460913.jpg" width="295" /></a></span></span></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span>Have you
ever watched lawyers arguing it out on TV or even Social Media? Man, those
legal eagles can look at the same constitution/law and come up with wildly
different interpretations, depending on their paymasters. They often leave viewers as
confused as a baby in topless bar! But that’s not even my point..</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span>African
nations keeps signing unfair treaties, the same way our ancestral <a href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-dec-20-fg-land20-story.html" target="_blank">chiefs gave colonialists 999-year land leases </a>without a clear understanding of what they
were signing. We’re making the same mistakes. For example, why should we be
bound by the ICC, while some other countries (that are more likely to commit
grand atrocities) are not? Or sign multi-year deals based on our natural
resources (oil, gold etc) where we get a measly 3% - 5% per cent royalty from
foreign companies? Who structures and who negotiates such crummy deals? Where
are our legal brains? (One doesn’t have to be the Attorney General, ie. the
Chief Gov’t Advisor, to comment on legal public matters of public interest.)</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span>So what
are we getting instead of sound legal advice from our ‘learned friends’? Let me
give you an example. I watched - in shock and horror - as one of Kenya’s most
sough-after lawyers defended the position of a presidential hopeful who had
proposed the forgiving of past corruption cases. Speaking on national TV, the
vocal multi-millionaire hotshot suggested that, instead of following up on
proceeds of past ill-gotten wealth, the country should ‘move on’. I couldn’t
believe it! This is what happens when the nation’s top brains are corrupted by
power or money, or both. I’ve got some questions for that lawyer: Why does he
handle client briefs instead of advising the justice-seekers to forget ‘in
order to move on’ with their lives? If somebody raped a relative of his some
years ago and the culprit was caught today, would he advice his relative to
‘forgive and forget’ the rapist? What if one of his fancy cars was stolen last
year and the cops finally recovered it and apprehended the thief. Would he tell
the <i>po-po</i> that the villain can keep
the car? So why is it that he’s willing to support a move to forgive looters of
public resources? Is it because he’s working for (or wants to be hired by) the
beneficiaries of past economic crimes? In the last two decades or so, at least
two mega-scandals are estimated to have cost the taxpayer Kshs 100 billion, <i>each</i>. One of the scandals involved just
a handful of conspirators who used a shell company registered abroad to do
business via a large parastatal, and stashed their loot in offshore accounts.
The other was an infamous web of political and economic players through which
well-connected individuals (some now deceased) went from average net worth to
‘wealth beyond measure’. A local newspaper estimated that Kshs 100 billion is
enough to finance ‘four Thika Superhighways’. Imagine what Kshs 200 billion
would have done in a country where we still have poor road infrastructure,
dilapidated railways, open-air classrooms, mud houses, laughable medical care, runaway
unemployment, and so many other solvable economic problems. And some educated
peeps have the gall to publicly say that we should forgive past corruption and
move on. In more sober societies, especially in Europe and Asia, the architects
of such grand corruption/graft schemes would have been jailed long ago. (In
China, they would probably have been executed.) But as author D. H. Lawrence
once observed, ‘Money is our madness, over vast collective madness.’</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span><br /></span></span></span></p>
<span style="font-size: small;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:DocumentProperties>
<o:Version>12.00</o:Version>
</o:DocumentProperties>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
</style>
<![endif]--></span></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdfg6bBf3dLZnZYrpyEC593xvHlY8s6ynWbdeAS-S1rSAwjOHC6dY4JCRWkuJk205jAuuXO9AmYcLGsjOTnn02-NZS1CODb9acrbuOtHDKFzPl4IWeRyuEB0w829BpDdWYUNd31RP8GWkU1syl2xgtr7gibp3sM4jt6FdCbDszImkwsTFqveBojf3Q0g/s596/FB_IMG_1535210402358.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="596" data-original-width="480" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdfg6bBf3dLZnZYrpyEC593xvHlY8s6ynWbdeAS-S1rSAwjOHC6dY4JCRWkuJk205jAuuXO9AmYcLGsjOTnn02-NZS1CODb9acrbuOtHDKFzPl4IWeRyuEB0w829BpDdWYUNd31RP8GWkU1syl2xgtr7gibp3sM4jt6FdCbDszImkwsTFqveBojf3Q0g/w323-h400/FB_IMG_1535210402358.jpg" width="323" /></a></span></span></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span> </span></b></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span>THINK TANKS – BRAIN TRUSTS OR CAPITALISTIC
TOOLS FOR GLOBAL CONTROL?</span></b></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span> </span><i><span>‘Just Google the book, “Between Two Ages”
/ And you’ll meet a man, Zbigniew Brzezinski / Take some time to flip through
the pages / And if you understand, your next move won’t be
pretty/…Megalomaniacal men control societal trends / Along with a viable blend
/ Of “<a href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/useful%20idiot" target="_blank">useful idiots</a>” and insidious minions ’</span> </i><span><span> </span>– Payday Monsanto, <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j84Lp3N_d1s" target="_blank"><i>The Obama Fraud</i></a> (song)</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span>Many
African think tanks, conferences, publications, researches, pilot projects etc
are funded from abroad. Why? Are the results of such projects
copyrighted/patented in Africa or elsewhere?</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span>African
experts invited abroad (US and Europe) to share their expertise on matters such
as herbal healing solutions become overjoyed, not realizing that their
indigenous knowledge, handed down from generation to generation, is being
stolen – for the price of an air ticket and basic <i>per diem</i>.<span> </span>In one recent
incident, a USA-based researcher contacted a Kenyan natural medicine expert via
email with an offer to interview him for an article to be published by the
former’s scientific journal. The American said something strange in her
communication: ‘If you’d like to remain anonymous, that can be arranged.’ Why
would a contributor to a prestigious conservation/science/research journal want
to be anonymous? It’s educational material, not something radical. The mischief
was that the ‘nice American lady’ was trying to acquire and publish some
information without crediting (or paying) the real expert/researcher!</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span>From an
article titled '<a href="https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/opinion-analysis/columnists/intellectuals-have-failed-africa-3371418">Intellectuals
Have Failed Africa'</a>, written by Bitange Ndemo (<i>Business Daily</i>, April 22 2021):</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span> </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span>'African intellectuals (academics, experts
and professionals) are always quick to dismiss centuries of local (traditional)
knowledge as primitive. And they have never made any attempts to advance the
traditional knowledge to fit into the modern society. Yet in every society in
Africa, traditional knowledge is still being applied. In short, the intellects
have failed the continent. As the Covid-19 pandemic ravages every sector,
African intellectuals’ disdain for their own knowledge has come into sharp
focus. Experiences shared by many Covid patients from different parts of the
continent indicate that some of them have applied traditional methods used in
treating diseases like influenza such as regular steaming with natural oils
like eucalyptus, which seems to have had significant positive results on them.’</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span> </span></span></span></p>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaxPRKQL7mmjedJs-x_J9rkZcru2nHlMydGXgu13a5VfvsALpx5yHU4jCEbx9f2XteN3gGda3hoFCLYOy5S18_xEPSiW947Gzoo5RaIx8GArlNPEk5tnSw349opAvBTbIAQXr4zz32Bp16Xjf0h99RbM__8HWQWigmlhMQua4ZnisPsqjGcK7qmckt9w/s733/Recoverd_jpg_file(660).jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="733" data-original-width="480" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaxPRKQL7mmjedJs-x_J9rkZcru2nHlMydGXgu13a5VfvsALpx5yHU4jCEbx9f2XteN3gGda3hoFCLYOy5S18_xEPSiW947Gzoo5RaIx8GArlNPEk5tnSw349opAvBTbIAQXr4zz32Bp16Xjf0h99RbM__8HWQWigmlhMQua4ZnisPsqjGcK7qmckt9w/w263-h400/Recoverd_jpg_file(660).jpg" width="263" /></a></span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span>The late
US poet/activist <a href="https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/amiri-baraka" target="_blank">Amiri Baraka</a>, a much-sought speaker by universities and other
academic/research institutes in his day, was vehemently anti-capitalist. He
often preached against ‘the banks’ and ‘corporations’. He changed his own political
leanings to Socialism and finally Communism (in his final years) and encouraged
students to read widely, including the works of ‘Lenin, Marx and Mao’. Baraka
believed that it was difficult to effect change in the world because the banks,
insurance companies, and other big corporations had the money to bribe or
finance the organs necessary to maintain the <i>status quo</i>. Even intellectuals could be compromised, in his
opinion. Speaking to students at the University of Virginia, he said
(verbatim):</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span> </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span>‘They run this country, the corporations.
They run it. How can you be in a Depression, and someone is getting a
60-million-dollar bonus? Where is <i>that </i>coming
from?...What is happening in the United States (is that) they have enough money
to buy people. They have enough money so that even the most brilliant of you
can be bought...So it (changing the world for the better) is a difficult task
and it’s getting more difficult because you (university students) have more
qualifications to be among the oppressors.’</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span> </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span>HISTORY</span></b></span></span></p>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span><span><i> ‘Coz I celebrate December 6th 1865<br />The year the 13th damn Amendment was ratified<br />And I ceased to be an alien to your “inalienable rights”<br />And “we the people” stopped meaning “we the people who are White” ’</i><br />- From <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O-ZblMfZpuw" target="_blank">‘Frederick Douglass vs Thomas Jefferson’, Epic Rap Battles of History</a></span></span></span></span></div><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><i><span>'We don't think any more. We need to
think. Where do the clouds go when they drift away? Think. Why do nudists
always play volleyball? If it was Nikita Khrushchev that was assassinated
(instead of JFK), would Aristotle Onassis have married Mrs. Khrushchev?' </span></i><span>- Norm Crosby, US comedian</span></span></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Gea0JxAu_6o" width="320" youtube-src-id="Gea0JxAu_6o"></iframe></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span>The Maji
Maji Rebellion (German: <i>Maji
Maji-Aufstand</i>) saw one of the most shameful chapters in African military
history. In 1905, a charlatan witchdoctor called Kinjikitile Kwale convinced
Tanzanian frredom fighters that he had some magic ‘medicine’ that could protect
them from German bullets (The region was then known as German East Africa). The
‘war medicine’ was actually just water (Swahili: <i>maji</i>) mixed with some castor oil and millet seeds. Needless to say,
Kinjikitile’s followers (who thought they were now bullet-proof) went down like
bowling pins at the business end of German guns. I think about historical
events like those a lot. I am not convinced that Africans have left the
‘haunted wilderness of superstition.’ We’re too easily bamboozled by
charlatans. The slavery-themed Quentin Tarantino hit
movie, <i>Django Unchained</i>, leaned into the premise <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/blog/2013/feb/05/django-unchained-racist-science-phrenology" target="_blank">there’ssomething about the craniums of Africans that makes them more susceptible toslavery/submission than other races</a>. I do not subscribe this premise but its hard to disprove when some of us are <a href="https://www.worktheworld.com/blog/witch-doctors-tanzania-who-they-are-and-what-they-do" target="_blank">still following self-styled witchdoctors</a> and other charlatans!</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span><br /></span></span></span></p>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHdCfL-qio-6XcC0mv10BhZu-YlfRbVFHTFlDdZIh26vZL4g6-Tzz_xtcVLqaQIRUOmGsK28emqX4g5YoLWpA045IzTbbC3ULY-fHlE9hWhlZ193yasXSRZ7qIKyhCYCS1R_dpPc7Va0QOnA8xxUTucipC8ln18645CzeHT3BTbXuQQntS45oaqhpFPQ/s480/FB_IMG_1639946570072.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="480" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHdCfL-qio-6XcC0mv10BhZu-YlfRbVFHTFlDdZIh26vZL4g6-Tzz_xtcVLqaQIRUOmGsK28emqX4g5YoLWpA045IzTbbC3ULY-fHlE9hWhlZ193yasXSRZ7qIKyhCYCS1R_dpPc7Va0QOnA8xxUTucipC8ln18645CzeHT3BTbXuQQntS45oaqhpFPQ/w400-h400/FB_IMG_1639946570072.jpg" width="400" /></a></b></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span>How come
I can get more memorable lessons from conscious rappers than from local
intellectuals these days? What’s
next – youths will be drawing life lessons from pop stars as opposed to parents
and teachers? What <i>exactly </i>do you
guys do anyway? Most self-styled “<b>intellectuals”
<i>talk </i>a lot but they don’t <i>say </i>much</b>. That’s why they can’t push
arguments/ideas. <span> </span>They stay in the same
place like <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8Pr0zB6KMZk" target="_blank">spinning rims</a>.</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span>Lies
such as Christopher Columbus discovering America are still being perpetuated
and y’all doing nothing to counter that b.s. Never mind that there were humans
living in North, Central, and South America centuries before the arrival of
Europeans <i>and</i> there is evidence of
several voyages from the West Coast of Africa to the Americas long before the
Spanish-sponsored genocide-inclined Italian-born Columbus reached the West
Indies. Early ‘crossers’ include the legendary sailor Kush Kush Bin Said and
famous Viking Leif Erickson – Google them. In fact, it was due to previous
Trans-Atlantic crossings that the genocidal Columbus knew that it <i>could</i> be done.<span> </span>Here’s one of the most revered African-American
intellectuals, Dr. John Henrik Clarke, <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h7L4FFzHDCw" target="_blank">calling b.s. on a TV series on the legendary Zulu King</a>, ‘Shaka the Zulu’:</span></span></span></p>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 21pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span><span> </span> </span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 21pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span>'Now let’s come back to the series, <i>Shaka Zulu</i>. So many things were wrong –
technically, factually – the whole thing was about 90% factually in error. The
people didn’t talk like Zulus – these were actors, and bad actors at that. The
people didn’t look like Zulus, half of the time…Nearly all the women were light
to the point where Zulus are not…The mass media is out to control image. If
they can control what you look at, they can control what you think. ’ - From
‘History of the Zulus’ (lecture)</span></span></span></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span>Now
that’s an intellectual at work. Telling it like it is. Not being a sycophant,
conformist, or radical. Just stating the facts so that in future, people will
stop taking us for a ride on the jive train, <i>nahmean</i>?</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span> </span><span>UK/Caribbean
rapper, <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yxh_3MoXBic" target="_blank">writer and activist Akala</a>:</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span> </span></b></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span>‘We
have to make our (African) history and culture sexy and normal and okay, and not
appear radical. I mean, what the hell does that mean? The idea that it’s
radical for a people to<i> know</i>. Or
they’re “Afro-centric” because they know something about African history! It’s
completely absurd!...Look how far from England Greece is. Still, your English
universities have no problem teaching people the plays on Socrates or their
(Greek) intellectual ancestors, right? But Anglo-Saxon people are not descended
from Greeks, but still they feel that within that European conversation, those
are their intellectual ancestors. Why is it absurd then for people of African
heritage to look back at the texts of The (Egyptian) Book of the Dead or Nubia
or old Kingdoms of the Nile or the Mandingo Empire for our intellectual
inspiration?’<span> </span></span></b></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:DocumentProperties>
<o:Version>12.00</o:Version>
</o:DocumentProperties>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
</style>
<![endif]--></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhK4m6NahF5gExfKPdxEQ_vP87v2HZyTUxCnqw3recN8yvLeVulVPYT2yp0iNPArrcf6SdkzHuYTGe8QhgMEmjnHXJY4k3w123sHhxZlfn6BBXKt3RqZdPIdMhRR5iwBnui8Br5RFjcf7n3Wydnne3fOfNgjqFbpKDWld8X4vFibPovmWMKzXe4QEVjAw/s480/FB_IMG_1594121201310.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="480" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhK4m6NahF5gExfKPdxEQ_vP87v2HZyTUxCnqw3recN8yvLeVulVPYT2yp0iNPArrcf6SdkzHuYTGe8QhgMEmjnHXJY4k3w123sHhxZlfn6BBXKt3RqZdPIdMhRR5iwBnui8Br5RFjcf7n3Wydnne3fOfNgjqFbpKDWld8X4vFibPovmWMKzXe4QEVjAw/w400-h400/FB_IMG_1594121201310.jpg" width="400" /></a></b></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><b><br /></b></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span>ARTS & CULTURE</span></b></span></span></p></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>‘Now, for these labels telling fables<br />Making the messed up deals under the tables<br />You think that you’re smart but, fool, I’m the smartest<br />You can’t make no money if you can’t keep an artist.’</i><br />- Warren G, <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I7dSVg00Rsg" target="_blank"><i>What’s Love Got to Do With It?</i></a> (rap song)<br /><br /><i>‘As for your vids, maybe “podiatrist” is a good way to put it<br />I always see defeat (the feet) when I look at your foot-age.’</i><br />– QZ, battler rapper<span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span>Most
Africans think that a war is fought using guns and bombs, by trained soldiers
in uniforms and amoured vehicles. They think the hostilities begin when the
first rifle is fired or the first missile is launched, and ends when the guns
fall silent. My friends, you’re stuck in the Matrix. Wars are fought on
physical, psychological, and even spiritual frontiers! And they’re now fought
24/7. Culture, language, religion, history, academia and even ‘entertainment’
are all used to defeat and conquer physical and non-physical territories. I
hate to be the bearer of bad news but somebody’s gotta do it and the task
appears to have fallen upon me.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span>US
psychologist and historian, <a href="https://www.drumarjohnson.com/" target="_blank">Dr. Umar Johnson</a>:</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span> </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span>‘Propaganda is essential to any military
campaign. Black people tend not to understand propaganda. And the reason why we
tend not to understand propaganda is because the propaganda channels, the
mediums (sic), the conduits – the radio, the television, the newspaper – we
tend to treat as just forms of entertainment. We don’t see ’em as forms of
military strategy. When there is a movie depicting Black people in negative
image, when there’s caricatures in the newspaper making jokes about Black
people, we tend to see it as just, er, political entertainment… Whoever has the
most access to the brain rules the brain. It’s all about volume, not quality.
The more you tell people that a certain group of people are no good, the more
you show images, the more you show sounds, songs, poems, dance, projecting
negative images about a person; sooner or later, the subconscious begins to get
conditioned.<span> </span>Automatically. Because you
can’t turn off the subconscious to what it sees and what it hears. Sound and
image, you cannot stop it – unless to stay away from it. So sound and images
are <i>critical</i> to any propaganda campaign
because they help lessen the defences of anyone who may be against what you’re
trying to do…Propaganda is the first stage of military warfare.’ </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span>Famous
cultural (including literary) events, projects and were/are sponsored by
foreign organizations, some with questionable motives. The brain has no
firewall. Propaganda is as effective as Kalashnikovs.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span><span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdEzlM7D9tbMdwHYWTtmHA-Qy3xvDuNPUVEqcV7dKolkPof90Hk_qZLbGsvVSIC2gk955Dw5CR8SLPy6yKEOPrB0WmkL-b82QjGt1IG0mSLqiI9vtcOL3d5W43BK8cxkrObmsSfK-lYI8v3cQ_a8xxWCT-xuqud6PBusi0L6d-L7EJ118msc0mvrAmsQ/s480/FB_IMG_1621837063644.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="480" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdEzlM7D9tbMdwHYWTtmHA-Qy3xvDuNPUVEqcV7dKolkPof90Hk_qZLbGsvVSIC2gk955Dw5CR8SLPy6yKEOPrB0WmkL-b82QjGt1IG0mSLqiI9vtcOL3d5W43BK8cxkrObmsSfK-lYI8v3cQ_a8xxWCT-xuqud6PBusi0L6d-L7EJ118msc0mvrAmsQ/w400-h400/FB_IMG_1621837063644.jpg" width="400" /></a></span> <br /></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span>People
who don’t think critically will fall for anything. There is no greater
indictment of our education systems than the senseless behavior of large numbers
of educated people. For example, a newspaper once reported that a conman tricked
a bank manager in Central Kenya, by convincing the latter than he could double her
money magically. The bank manager withdrew some funds and after some
abracadabra nonsense was left holding a bag of fake notes while the culprit
made a clean getaway. A whole bank manager fell for the oldest trick in the
con-book! This wouldn’t surprise anybody in Nairobbery – sorry, Nairobi. More
recently a lady with a “Dr” prefix to her name became <a href="https://www.citizen.digital/news/woman-conned-ksh800k-by-inmate-who-promised-her-state-house-hr-job-n292354" target="_blank">a national laughing stock after being conned out of Kshs 800,000</a> by an inmate who contacted her phone/Faecebook (allegedly from
prison!), claiming he worked at State House and could hook her up with a plum
job there! Incidents like these happen <i>every
single minute of the day</i>. Educated people are shanghai’d in very basic ways
by conmen, swindlers, fraudsters, fake pastors, witch-doctors and other
villains. It’s as if we’re trained to never think rationally; just go with your
emotions or obey ‘authority’. The results can be tragic, as they were in the still-unresolved
Ugandan religious cult mass suicide that took an estimated 700 lives in the
year 2000. In a more recent example religious silliness, promoters of a self-styled
Kenyan ‘prophet’ promised that those who would attend a forthcoming ‘miracle
crusade’ would ‘see two suns in the sky.’ And some sheeple travelled to witness
the miracle. Educated fools. Everyone who has graduated high school knows that
if a twin star suddenly appeared next to our sun, we wouldn’t have to be in any
particular venue to witness it. Its presence would affect every plant and
animal on our home planet.<span> </span>In any case,
the heat and radiation from the combined suns would immediately obliterate most
of the solar system and disrupt the orbits and trajectories of ‘heavenly
bodies’ for millions of miles around. None of that happened. And anyone who
claims it did should be immediately checked into a mental hospital. (Incidentally,
five critically ill people once died in one of the controversial ‘prophet’s
so-called miracle crusades.) To repeat, <b>‘Extraordinary
claims require extraordinary evidence’. </b>Carl Sagan.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span> </span></b></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span>LIVING CONTRADICTIONS</span></b></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span> </span></b></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><i>‘If I sound mad, it’s coz I am</i><br /></span></p></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>I am tired of this sh*t you’ve been propagating<br />You’ve been indoctrinate. Claim you’re “religious”<br />Don’t even know the difference between God and Satan<br />But I’m waitin’ – for you to get up, off that slave ship<br />Ni**a, you basic – the Etch & Sketch is in your brain<br />I’m here to shake you up to erase it.’</i><br />- B. Dot tha God, battle rapper <br /><br /><i>‘If you’re so <a href="https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=nice" target="_blank">“nice”</a>, why nobody ever demand you, my n***a?<br />How the f**k are we supposed to feel you, when we can barely understand you?’</i><br />- Cocky vs Deadman, battle rap<br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span>When
you’re truth seeker, you come across many conspiracy theorists. And the
difficulty is in separating the genuine researchers from the crazy ones. One I
am yet to figure out is a certain Kenyan-born Social Media diva who – from
her accent - appears to have lived abroad for quite some time. Very congenial
and intelligent. Holds a PhD in 'Social Sciences'. She covers a wide range of
topics – from politics to spirituality – and shares plenty of videos and memes.
An intellectual, yes. But also a mass of contradictions. She tries to be
decidedly ‘African’ but displays signs of Western brainwashing. Like she will
condemn slavery/colonialism but still claim to be a believer in a religion that
was imposed by colonialists. To fix the contradiction, she says in one of her
many videos that her faith is due to personal reasons, not indoctrination. For
example, she claims to have personally witnessed a human resurrection. I call
bullsh*t. There have been numerous <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pJsrFny0s84" target="_blank">claims of resurrections</a> but there’s zero evidence.
And, as Christopher Hitchens famously observed, <b>‘What can be asserted without evidence can be dismissed without
evidence.’</b> Forget humans: If somebody could raise even insects back from
the dead, (s)he’d be on the cover of <i>TIME,
Newsweek, Science,</i> and <i>National
Geographic</i> magazine <i>simultaneously</i>.<span> </span>Sky News, CNN, BBC, Al Jazeera, Deustche
Welle, VOA, France 24, RT and every other global news station would be blowing
up his/her phone and flooding their e-mail accounts with requests for
interviews. The reason that ain’t happening is because the so-called ‘resurrections’
are demonstrable hoaxes. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HIbSXtJM-zw" target="_blank">Arguments From Miracles</a> don’t hold water.<b> </b>And – get this right – the plural of ‘hoax’
is not ‘evidence’. We’re not interested in the number of claims, we’re
interested in proof (ie. ‘an overwhelming preponderance of evidence, beyond
reasonable doubt.’). If you don’t have that, then don’t waste other peoples’
time. </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span></span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/jdUXtdd5VhQ" width="320" youtube-src-id="jdUXtdd5VhQ"></iframe></span></span></span></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span>The Conspiracy
Theory lady also claims to be a ‘prophetess’, which immediately makes me roll
my eyes. I personally know several people who claim to be prophets but have
never prophesied anything. Again, ‘extraordinary claims require extraordinary
evidence.’ </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span>But to
be fair, this particular lady does fit the bill of a public intellectual. She’s
an avid researcher, a warm host (of her show), and an able articular of
issues. She has posted numerous thought-provoking videos on platforms such as
YouTube and Instagram. There’s much food for thought in her presentations (mostly
only Pan-Africanism) that can act as a prompt for truth seekers to investigate
further. </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:DocumentProperties>
<o:Version>12.00</o:Version>
</o:DocumentProperties>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" Name="footnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" Name="footnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
</style>
<![endif]--></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6GcK6QHHTPQ5tO0boUNC3k9uAOzrHLiZfk6s7yZUr8eAR6DebKy2wOPe-jTFl7sj6qn2mpLefm3eT7urFhR26GJ8GpPWeXahkBKbEPZjqfAqM4bGnEiZE_0rjb4SFFGvKeNvggmoyxDyGbLoa53d2GvFYA1vR6ceRxJSQAbtHmGwtq_qHT95iYG9y3A/s581/FB_IMG_1539059629766.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="581" data-original-width="480" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6GcK6QHHTPQ5tO0boUNC3k9uAOzrHLiZfk6s7yZUr8eAR6DebKy2wOPe-jTFl7sj6qn2mpLefm3eT7urFhR26GJ8GpPWeXahkBKbEPZjqfAqM4bGnEiZE_0rjb4SFFGvKeNvggmoyxDyGbLoa53d2GvFYA1vR6ceRxJSQAbtHmGwtq_qHT95iYG9y3A/w330-h400/FB_IMG_1539059629766.jpg" width="330" /></a></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span><span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:DocumentProperties>
<o:Version>12.00</o:Version>
</o:DocumentProperties>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" Name="footnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" Name="footnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
</style>
<![endif]--></span>
</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span>A few
years ago, one Kenyan gov’t official kept falling for the Streisand Effect ie.
inadvertently promoting the things/people he was opposing. (Incidentally, the
Ugandan gov’t is infamous for falling for the Streisand Effect while pursuing
perceived critics.) He was also infamous for using God/religion as a shield from
criticism (eg. bragging about going from negotiating <i>matatu</i> fare to jetting<span>
</span>abroad) and then thanking ‘<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5QynkWRXq-4" target="_blank">God</a>’ at the end of the post so that if you
accuse him of being boastful/a socialite/a braggart/joyrider-on-tax-money etc.,
you will look as if you’re undermining the power of ‘God’. Most Kenyans are
deeply religious/superstitious and would rather not be dragged into religious
beefs. He claimed to be a champion of indigenous cultures and but to love the
God given to forbears by Yurugu missionaries. (And since he looks like a
villain in a 1960’s Blaxploitation film, it’s clear that the <i>mzungu </i>God doesn’t love him back! For <i>shizzle</i>,<i> my nizzle</i>.) To give the devil his due, this particular dude does
have an inspirational rags-to-riches story, some leadership qualities, and some
great motivational quotes. But he’s so egotistical that he drowns out all the
good stuff in a sea of braggadocio. </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span>For those
‘public intellectuals’ who think they’re super ‘nice’/’woke’, where are their
TED Talks, keynote addresses, Genius Awards, Nobel Prizes etc? Why aren’t they
in demand around the world? Why aren’t foreign universities conferring honorary
degrees on them? Why aren’t they being invited to give commencement speeches or
public lectures or sit on discussion panels? <b>’Cause rational people don’t believe them.</b> Their works are like
Sharia-compliant loans: there’s <i>0%
interest</i> in them. </span></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>‘You do a song about a current event<br />Get on TV and seem hesitant to represent<br />And that’s what we call fraud’</i><br />- The Main Source, <i>Fakin' the Funk</i> (rap song)<br /></span></p><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span>THE BOTTOM OF THE ABYSS</span></b></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span> </span><i><span>‘I have no desire to take all black people
back to Africa; there are Blacks who are no good here and will likewise be no
good there.’</span></i><span> – Marcus
Garvey (West Indies)</span></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><i><span>‘Oh, I say you been misled. You been had.
You been took.’</span></i><span> – Malcom
X (USA), ‘Bullet or the Ballot’ speech</span></span></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Ry3uym2Rz6M" width="320" youtube-src-id="Ry3uym2Rz6M"></iframe></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span>In the
end, Africa’s tragedy is that it is the most well-endowed continent in terms of
minerals <b>but clearly not the most
endowed in terms of brains.</b><span> </span>That’s
our sad reality. Only a small percentage of Africans are independent thinkers.
Most are sheep-like followers of politicians, religious leaders, celebrities
etc. And when the rest of the world realized this (eons ago), they immediately
took advantage of our plight. They have been raping our continent ever since.
Do you know that Black people are discriminated against in every continent (and
parts of Africa)? Even the Asians look down upon us, as was evidenced during
the Covid-19 pandemic (which had nothing to do with Africa in the first place).
Do you know that our presidents speak to empty seats at the United Nations? No
African country is a permanent member of the UN Security Council. <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AHJP3LHm8jc" target="_blank">Brotherly Leader Gaddafi</a> described the <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PBRqqa7ZpeQ" target="_blank">speeches non-permanent members of the Security Council make inside the UN</a> as the equivalent of lone speakers addressing the
public at London’s Hyde Park! (He also dubbed the UN Security Council the ‘terror
council’). How can there be starving people in the continent with the most
arable land in the world? Why should we have to borrow loans from China which
has a larger population to take care of than we do? <span> </span>Why do we have to fly our sick to India; again
a country with an even larger population than us? How is it that Israel (a
country of less than 10 million) has been nuclear armed since the 1980’s but
Africa (a continent of 1.3 billion) has no nuclear weapons for its defence? Too
many fools live here!</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span></span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/oAnaCZRwWCw" width="320" youtube-src-id="oAnaCZRwWCw"></iframe></span></span></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span><br /><a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Taban-lo-Liyong" target="_blank">Taban Lo Liyong’</a> (author of <i>Another Nigger Dead</i>
and <i>Culture is Rutan</i>) once described
<a href="https://nation.africa/kenya/news/why-east-africa-still-remains-a-literary-dwarf--630866" target="_blank">East Africa as a literary desert.</a> <b>My
question, today, is whether East Africa is an intellectual desert as well.</b>
Should our sea and air ports be branded with signage that says, ‘WELCOME TO
INTELLECTUAL LILLIPUT’? I have no answers, only questions. I will therefore
draw no conclusions on this subject matter for fear of falling into the “Argument
From Ignorance” fallacy. </span></span></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span></span></b></span></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2pbVeArmYkjVDbr0_1qpe3fSgAOzhsDajqfRCt5xsXPMVi9own1_5NJekNDpoxsogA-mpW3sPShCz3ZRLskxkJH2qwY7qm37L2iskFMMxuJob5sSjLX6eTMZrKOGDpKyyFpQ3SkH7Bacus7z1Lexz-KG-ri9r7QCSgSfD0Zb00E7aiI8gOZNhrG7Krw/s480/FB_IMG_1644740238767.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="369" data-original-width="480" height="246" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2pbVeArmYkjVDbr0_1qpe3fSgAOzhsDajqfRCt5xsXPMVi9own1_5NJekNDpoxsogA-mpW3sPShCz3ZRLskxkJH2qwY7qm37L2iskFMMxuJob5sSjLX6eTMZrKOGDpKyyFpQ3SkH7Bacus7z1Lexz-KG-ri9r7QCSgSfD0Zb00E7aiI8gOZNhrG7Krw/s320/FB_IMG_1644740238767.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Really, homies? Couldn't even figure out how such t-shirts work?</i><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span> </span></b></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span><br /></span></b></span></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span>BEGGING THE QUESTION</span></b></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span> </span></b><i><span>‘You was reaching, baby / You was implying
that I’m slipping / Like my sneaker’s sliding / Well, let me get a grip then…’</span></i><span> – Loaded Lux vs Young Calicoe, battle rap</span></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><i><span>‘I studied The Bible, I studied The
Qu’ran, I studied The Torah, I studied the books of servitude from the Baha’i
Faith…I study all the time the works of Buddhists. I study all religious
faiths, simply because I know, as a human being, since these books have
affected these many people for this length of time, and I have to be reacting
with them (religious people), it behooves me to know what these (religious)
voices are.’</span></i><span> - Kwame
Toure, speaking at Florida International University, Miami, in 1992</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span>One
issue I’ve noticed with most discussants (of a given topic) is that they start
with the end in mind. It’s like having a preferred answer to a mathematical
question in mind so now you have to invent or modify the formula in order to
make your answer correct. ‘Begging the question’ (aka ‘Implying the
conclusion’) is a fallacy. What happened to free thinkers? How are you gonna
debate a wide spectrum of issues if you live in an echo chamber? How can you
argue about, say, Human Personality Theories if you’ve only been exposed to a
single one? How dare you enter a debate on Comparative Religion if you’ve only
read one religious book your entire life? A good debater/discussant/panelist
argues from abundance, not ignorance or personal bias (aka the ‘<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-3S-DclPOAk" target="_blank">Argument From Personal Incredulity</a>’.)</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhS9yD7EiT8E381tcDJRjYRcg_j38CJjl84QuGsOkA1gP1SC0tICVrKyl6GAsaqrscwW9Y13NoznEPalsefJreEAW_-j4ZmSlQ1ss6Ma5WQfz4EQxO-y_DTGvnZFWEI0YOBwkK3XWG0piuiFO-R-uX_EG6rkzmi1QhGvCyVTj6LDtzskiBsk7F7HDh_BA/s676/Marcus%20Garvey.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="676" data-original-width="480" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhS9yD7EiT8E381tcDJRjYRcg_j38CJjl84QuGsOkA1gP1SC0tICVrKyl6GAsaqrscwW9Y13NoznEPalsefJreEAW_-j4ZmSlQ1ss6Ma5WQfz4EQxO-y_DTGvnZFWEI0YOBwkK3XWG0piuiFO-R-uX_EG6rkzmi1QhGvCyVTj6LDtzskiBsk7F7HDh_BA/w284-h400/Marcus%20Garvey.jpg" width="284" /></a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span> </span></b></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span>BACK TO BASICS – WHAT’S THE ROLE OF THE
AFRICAN INTELLECTUAL?</span></b></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span> </span><i><span><span> </span>‘A
university should be a true safe space: not <b>safe from</b> dangerous ideas but safe <b>for free</b> discussion of them.’ – </span></i><span>Dr. Richard Dawkins</span></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span> </span><i><span>‘Can’t no PhD (player haters degree)<span> </span>n****s hold me down / Cudda (my manager)<span> </span>schooled me to the game , now I know my duty
/ Stay humble, stay low, <a href="https://www.hootie.com/" target="_blank">blow like Hootie’</a> </span></i><span>– Ma$e,<span> </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gUhRKVIjJtw" target="_blank"><i>Mo’ Money, Mo’ Problems</i></a> (w/ P. Diddy & the Notorious B.I.G.)</span></span></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmNMWJs-XtbpuJ7NKBGFAulPDJKKhtVJjDDKAm1qj67mka5xU_c4YI_I8JvQ_xcFXclqVlN26yM3Vv_wVu9cwqSsY7PhpXtqIgnWmIMAEGznp5iF08ZxemwmshTAsNF3mhh36eHMPe3nf8ITdWdUr6nufLcGpcorOUENRMd08gat8isIYMhCBtoZkFqw/s960/Akala%20UK-Caribbean%20rapper.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="553" data-original-width="960" height="230" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmNMWJs-XtbpuJ7NKBGFAulPDJKKhtVJjDDKAm1qj67mka5xU_c4YI_I8JvQ_xcFXclqVlN26yM3Vv_wVu9cwqSsY7PhpXtqIgnWmIMAEGznp5iF08ZxemwmshTAsNF3mhh36eHMPe3nf8ITdWdUr6nufLcGpcorOUENRMd08gat8isIYMhCBtoZkFqw/w400-h230/Akala%20UK-Caribbean%20rapper.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></p><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>Rapper/intellectual Akala</i></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span>Once
again, Caribbean/UK rapper, writer and activist Akala in a ‘Victor of RWS’
YouTube video:</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span> </span></b></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span>‘The
African intellectual’s job is to articulate – from an African perspective –
world views, ideas, philosophies; for the betterment of their group of people
and humanity as a whole. If something is intelligent and works for a particular
group of people and helps with social management, economic management, and
people relations, the whole of humanity can benefit from that. Millions of
people practice Indian <i>yoga</i>, you
know, ’cause they feel that it spiritually helps them. That doesn’t change the
fact that it’s Indian and Indian people invented that, and if we respect that
culture, we should acknowledge that. </span></b></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span> </span></b></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span>The
African intellectual, be he at home in Africa or in the Diaspora somewhere, his
function – or her function – is to articulate to the best of their knowledge,
from <i>their</i> cultural roots, not
somebody else’s cultural roots. And this has been the problem, I think,
historically. The information that is readily available to us today, about the
history of Black people – African people – wasn’t available sixty, seventy, a
hundred years ago as freely as it is today. So you had a lot of Black
revolutionaries identify with Marxism or various other European doctrines. I
think they have some useful parts but are very anti-African in their
philosophy, essentially. They are very historically naïve and they don’t take
into account the non-European world experience. They take European experience
to be world experience. We can’t afford to make that mistake because the
experience of the Caribbean or African or Native Americans, for example, is
radically different…’<span> </span></span></b></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><span> </span></b></span></span></p>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/GuK7uB2ONdc" width="320" youtube-src-id="GuK7uB2ONdc"></iframe></span></div>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span> </span><i><span>‘Now you see (C) how intelligent I can be
(B) when I am on my “A” game.’</span></i><span> – Arsonal, battle rapper</span></span></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span> </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:DocumentProperties>
<o:Version>12.00</o:Version>
</o:DocumentProperties>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" Name="footnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" Name="footnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
</style>
<![endif]--></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span> _____________________________________________</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span><span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:DocumentProperties>
<o:Version>12.00</o:Version>
</o:DocumentProperties>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" Name="footnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" Name="footnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
</style>
<![endif]--></span>
</span></span></span></p><h1 style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="EN-GB"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvduSrdG8MAqrg-iODKfwhNd8YF5Xmp5O6Gov8nZRaP-ddJOtIQpI97tFVSSh5qTNwdAAkx8yAvOcWF43lUnJ88VtWopqAsMCPFjNxLqtU1bHLjhx-mkldU2U2NyASQ3HVF388NRp0kXZ7QFs-eqfX-aV_iOPlOmFzMEuxsBRjH3hiNKCDnDU6Ax2liw/s290/image026.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="290" data-original-width="286" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvduSrdG8MAqrg-iODKfwhNd8YF5Xmp5O6Gov8nZRaP-ddJOtIQpI97tFVSSh5qTNwdAAkx8yAvOcWF43lUnJ88VtWopqAsMCPFjNxLqtU1bHLjhx-mkldU2U2NyASQ3HVF388NRp0kXZ7QFs-eqfX-aV_iOPlOmFzMEuxsBRjH3hiNKCDnDU6Ax2liw/w315-h320/image026.jpg" width="315" /></a></div> </span></span></span></h1><div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span lang="EN-GB">Alexander
Nderitu is an award-winning Pan-Africanist writer and critic. He is also an
arts promoter and the spiritual guide of <a href="https://www.facebook.com/groups/916499461772779" target="_blank">Progressive Hip-Hop in Kenya</a>. His
books include <i><a href="https://nuriakenya.com/product/when-the-whirlwind-passes-by-alexander-nderitu/" target="_blank">When the Whirlwind Passes</a>,
<a href="https://nuriakenya.com/product/kiss-commander-promise-by-alexander-nderitu/" target="_blank">Kiss Commander Promise</a>, <a href="https://nuriakenya.com/product/the-moon-is-made-of-green-cheese-by-alexander-nderitu/" target="_blank">The Moon is Made of Green Cheese</a>, Hannah and the Angel,</i>
and <a href="https://nuriakenya.com/product/the-talking-of-trees-by-alexander-nderitu/" target="_blank"><i>The Talking of Trees</i></a>. He has
authored numerous papers, mostly on literature and the performing arts. His
poetry has been translated into several languages and appeared in both <i>The World Poetry Almanac</i> and the <i>World Poetry Yearbook</i>. In 2017, <i>Business Daily</i> named him one of Kenya’s
‘Top 40 Under 40 Men’. In 2020, he was a finalist for the Collins Elesiro
Literature Prize. In 2021, an excerpt from <i>The
Talking of Trees</i></span><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal;"> </span></i><span lang="EN-GB">(titled <i>Freedom Corner</i>) co-won the IHRAF African
Human Rights Playwriting Prize. Official website: <a href="http://www.AlexanderNderitu.com">www.AlexanderNderitu.com</a> </span></span></span></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span> </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:DocumentProperties>
<o:Version>12.00</o:Version>
</o:DocumentProperties>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" Name="footnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" Name="footnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
</style>
<![endif]--></span></p>
<div>
<hr size="1" style="text-align: left;" width="33%" />
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:DocumentProperties>
<o:Version>12.00</o:Version>
</o:DocumentProperties>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" Name="footnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" Name="footnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
</style>
<![endif]--></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><!--[if !mso]>
<style>
v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
.shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
</style>
<![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:DocumentProperties>
<o:Version>12.00</o:Version>
</o:DocumentProperties>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
</style>
<![endif]--></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span><br /></span></span></span></p>
<span style="font-size: small;"><!--[if !mso]>
<style>
v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
.shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
</style>
<![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:DocumentProperties>
<o:Version>12.00</o:Version>
</o:DocumentProperties>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}
</style>
<![endif]--></span></div><div><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></p><div><div><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /><span><br /> </span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:DocumentProperties>
<o:Version>12.00</o:Version>
</o:DocumentProperties>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
</style>
<![endif]--></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:DocumentProperties>
<o:Version>12.00</o:Version>
</o:DocumentProperties>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
</style>
<![endif]--></span></p>
</div></div></div></div>Alexander Nderituhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03967229184207192460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8867540652900306681.post-18133842723629305272022-03-16T04:13:00.004-07:002022-03-16T04:33:54.877-07:00Arab Literature: An Untapped Treasure?<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">‘The
Arab world also won the Nobel with me. I believe that international doors have
opened, and that from now on, literate people will consider Arab literature
also. We deserve that recognition.’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>- </span></i><span lang="EN-GB">Naguib Mahfouz, Egyptian author
and winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature</span></span></span></p><div>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB"> ‘We
know all about the intellectual somersaults that some European historians and
scholars have performed in their attempts to deny that the Moors were black
Africans. But never mind. Facts will remain facts.’ </span></i><span lang="EN-GB">- Baffour Ankomah<a href="https://www.blogger.com/#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a></span></span></span></p>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiEuHC-psr9XX7uEvOnMFHbEWhF03q3uCEXC5K4mDREaJTeRcDve8asNQVVAmj_WrISZxs9H4kjGoI8RlZGYu3TKnHBN6Tyb8wLSf8BrQO2vJS0IaauPDbYtBb80ZEGg3k8SIO-ApBVlFLFCml9Cc-hKP_jZ-uCObCiFRHKNX1AfzObYWRu7GxdRXPDkA=s681" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="436" data-original-width="681" height="410" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiEuHC-psr9XX7uEvOnMFHbEWhF03q3uCEXC5K4mDREaJTeRcDve8asNQVVAmj_WrISZxs9H4kjGoI8RlZGYu3TKnHBN6Tyb8wLSf8BrQO2vJS0IaauPDbYtBb80ZEGg3k8SIO-ApBVlFLFCml9Cc-hKP_jZ-uCObCiFRHKNX1AfzObYWRu7GxdRXPDkA=w640-h410" width="640" /></a></i></span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB">I would like to begin by first describing the geographical
location and the culture of the people from whom the literature in question
originates…</span></span></span></p>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">
</span></b></span></span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">WELCOME TO ARAB STREET</span></b></span></span></p>
<p align="center" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span>‘We
leave the books unsupervised; because thieves don't read and readers don't
steal.’ </span></i></span></span></p>
<p align="center" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span>— Al-Mutannabi Street, Baghdad, Iraq</span></span></span></p>
<p align="center" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span> </span></span></span></p>
<p align="center" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span>‘As
we were flying across Saudi (Arabia) we started to appreciate the lie of the
ground. </span></i></span></span></p>
<p align="center" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span>It
looked like a brown billiard table.’</span></i><span>
– From <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Bravo Two Zero</i> by Andy McNab</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span>Let’s
begin by bursting a few myths. Firstly, not all Arabs live in the so-called
‘Middle East’, which for some reason includes some African countries (‘How can
Egypt not be a part of Africa but faraway Madagascar island is?’ some have
asked.)</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span>The
largest Arab nation (by population) is Egypt, which is situated in northern
Africa. Below is a chart by <span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="http://thinkprogress.org/yglesias/2011/02/02/199797/egypt-is-a-very-large-proportion-of-the-arab-world/">ThinkProgress.org</a></span>,
showing the relative populations of Arab states:</span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiYO6NKQRtWgdCkXT1uYCzenb1r29q_FmoaammXEgDSA3QxAKgReKD451TJvtlGZsVqZj-hL0AQ6qqAU0byAQjE5BfLJTno8z7rfFONV9sj6WGokcnRY9wl0LNQkjFKr-pZqIcfKre3VS0quc8uVEHTRPgHhDAqbGJogjOwNlsT5f1js4bA2244CBmfMQ=s558" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="320" data-original-width="558" height="368" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiYO6NKQRtWgdCkXT1uYCzenb1r29q_FmoaammXEgDSA3QxAKgReKD451TJvtlGZsVqZj-hL0AQ6qqAU0byAQjE5BfLJTno8z7rfFONV9sj6WGokcnRY9wl0LNQkjFKr-pZqIcfKre3VS0quc8uVEHTRPgHhDAqbGJogjOwNlsT5f1js4bA2244CBmfMQ=w640-h368" width="640" /></a></span></span></div><p style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span>
</span></span></span></p><p style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span>It is
telling that Palestine is not listed in the chart above, probably due to its
unclear borderlines vis-à-vis Israel. Also notice the absence of Iran. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Iran is NOT an Arab country.</b> A bit of
explanation from <span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/news/999070/posts">FreeRepublic.com</a></span>:</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span>Alone among the
Middle Eastern peoples conquered by the Arabs, the Iranians did not lose their
language or their identity. Ethnic Persians make up 60 percent of modern Iran,
and modern Persian is the official language. (Persian also has official status
in Afghanistan, where Dari, or Afghan Persian, is one of two official
languages.) In addition, the majority of Iranians are Shiite Muslims while most
Arabs are Sunni Muslims. So Iran fails most of the four-part test of language,
ancestry, religion, and culture.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span>And
according to <span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="http://www.persiansarenotarabs.com/">PersiansAreNotArabs.com</a></span>,
‘Persians are not Arabs, any more than Koreans are Japanese.'</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span>Another
controversy concerns the very identity of the Arab people. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Who <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">are</i> the Arabs?</b> What
makes them distinct from any other ethnic group? Unfortunately, such questions
have no simple answers. But here is a great insight from AfricaResource.com: </span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span>Much confusion
attends the word ‘Arabs’, because it has not always been used with rigorous
consistency. Moreover, in the wake of the global dominance of the Arab culture
and Islamic political power in the between 7AD and 14 AD, the number of Arabs
increased exponentially by the addition of many non Arab Arabized people,
because acculturation and assimilation were deliberately fostered by state
policy.</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span>Today, the word
Arab does not strictly imply or designate any known racial category of people.
It is an ethnic identification that has several aspect including linguistics,
politics and genealogy. Its meaning is nuanced depending on the particular
context.</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span>As an ethnic
identity, an Arab is someone who considers himself to be an Arab regardless of
racial or ethnic origin. This definition encompasses many Africans, Indians,
Indonesians and Chinese who describe themselves as Arabs.</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span>Usually the first
language of persons who claim to be Arab is Arabic<span style="color: red;">.</span>
There are over 200 million people worldwide whose first language is Arabic.
Again these peoples spread over a large portion of the globe spanning from
central Africa to central Asia. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">More
than 70% of the so-called Arabs in the world live physically in Africa.</b><a href="https://www.blogger.com/#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span>According
to E-TV, Arabic is, in fact, one of the most widely-spoken languages <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">inside </i>Africa.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span>Generally
speaking, ‘the Arab world’ – also colloquially reffered to as ‘Arab Street’ in
the West – consists of <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">the 22 countries
of</b> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">the Arab League</b> ie. Egypt, Iraq,
Jordan, Morocco, Algeria, Bahrain, Comoros, Oman, Djibouti, Saudi Arabi,
Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Palestine, Qatar, Somalia, Sudan, Syria,
Tunisia, UAE and Yemen. </span></span></span></p>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br clear="all" style="break-before: page; page-break-before: always;" />
</span></b></span></span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">Commonly Used Terms:</span></b></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB"> The Middle East</span></b><span lang="EN-GB"> – Loose geo-political term used
to describe western Asia and northeast </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB">Africa
that includes the nations on the Arabian Peninsula ie. Egypt, Iran, Iraq,
Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and Turkey. (‘Western Asia is mistakenly called
“The Middle East”.’ – Dr. Henrik C. Clarke, ‘You Have No Friends’ lecture)</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">UAE </span></b><span lang="EN-GB">- The United Arab Emirates ie. </span></span></span></p>
<ul style="margin-top: 0cm;" type="square"><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB">Abu Dhabi<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Capital)</span></span></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB">Dubai </span></span></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB">Sharjah</span></span></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB">Ajman</span></span></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB">Umm Al Quwain</span></span></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB">Ras Al Khaimah</span></span></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB">Fujairah</span></span></span></li></ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">The Holy Qu’ran<a href="https://www.blogger.com/#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[2]</span></b></span></span></span></a></span></b><span lang="EN-GB"> – The sacred scriptures/holy
book of Islam<a href="https://www.blogger.com/#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a>,
equivalent of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Holy Bible</i> to
Christians or the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Vedas</i> to Hindus.</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span></span></p>
<p align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">Sharia</span></b><span lang="EN-GB"> - Islamic canonical law based
on the teachings of the Qu’ran (or ‘Koran’) and the traditions of the Prophet
(Hadith and Sunna). (<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/sharia">https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/sharia</a></span>)
</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">Bismillah / Basmala</span></b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">
-</span></i><span lang="EN-GB"> The first
word in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Holy Qu'ran</i> ie. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Bismillah hir Rahman nir Raheem </i>(English:
‘In the Name of Allah, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful’).</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">Muslimah </span></b><span lang="EN-GB">– A Muslim woman, especially a
devout one. </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;">The
Hajj</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"> - An annual pilgrimage made by Muslims to Mecca (or ‘Makkah’) in
Saudi Arabia. Making this trip is one of the Four Pillars of Islam.</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;">Al-Hajj</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"> –
A prefix Muslims who have undertaken the Hajj pilgrimage may add to their names
eg. A man called Salim Malik will now be known as Al-Hajj Salim Malik.</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">Salaam aleikum</span></b><span lang="EN-GB"> – </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;">Everyday
greeting amongst Muslims</span><span lang="EN-GB">,
the standard reply being ‘Aleikum </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB">Salaam.’ </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"><a href="http://www.arabnews.com/news/715716">Inshallah</a></span></b></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"> –
Very commonly used term amongst Muslims. Means, ‘if Allah wills’ (Christian
equivalent is ‘God willing’).</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;">Marshallah
/ Mash'Allah</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"> – Respectful Arabic phrase used to show
appreciation for a person or happening. </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB"> Mosque</span></b><span lang="EN-GB"> – Muslim equivalent of a church
or temple. The Muslim Holy Day is Friday</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;">Hijab/Jilbab/Niqab</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"> –
Conservative clothing that can be worn by either an adult or a child. </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;">In many Islamic communities, women/girls are expected
to cover their heads and necks that's why they wear <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">hijabs.</i> A <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">nikab</i> is longer
and covers the knees or even feet. A <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">jilbab</i>
also covers up. The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">hijab</i> is the most
common one and is compulsory in some cultures; covers head to neck.</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;">Halal
/ hallal / halaal</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"> – Permissible or lawful in traditional Islamic
law. For example, Halal food is that which adheres to Islamic law (Equivalent
of ‘kosher’ in some other traditions)</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;">Burqa
</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;">(<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">chadri</b> or <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">paranja </b>in Central Asia) - An
enveloping outer garment worn by women</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;">Haram
/ Haraam</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"> – Forbidden (by Islamic law)</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;">Madrassa
</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;">- A Muslim school, college, or university that is often part of a
mosque</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"><a href="https://www.whyislam.org/faqs/pillars/">The
5 Pillars of Islam</a></span></b></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"> – Testimony of faith (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">shahada</i>), Prayer (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">salah</i>), Charity (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">zakah</i>), Fasting
(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sawm</i>) and Pilgrimage (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">hajj</i>)</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;">Idd-il-Fitr</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"> –
‘Festival of Breaking Fast’; important religious holiday celebrated by Muslims
worldwide</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;">Id-Mubarak</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"> - Eid
Mubarak is a traditional Muslim greeting reserved for use on the festivals of
Eid ul-Adha and Eid ul-Fitr. (Eid = ‘Feast’)</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;">Al-Aqsa
mosque</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"> – The magnificent gilt-domed mosque in the Old
City of Jerusalem. The third holiest site in Islam. </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"> </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;">Habibi</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"> –
My beloved/love. However, it is very commonly used and often applied to a
friend, a boy/girl friend, husband or wife.</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"> </span></span></span><br clear="all" style="break-before: page; page-break-before: always;" /><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">
</span></b></span></span>
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">ANCIENT LITERATURE</span></b></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">‘No
people in the world manifest such enthusiastic admiration for literary
expression </span></i></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">and
are so moved by the word, spoken or written, as the Arabs. Modern audiences in
Baghdad, Damascus and Cairo can be stirred to the highest degree by the recital
of poems, only vaguely comprehended, and by the delivery of orations in the
classical tongue, though it be only partially understood. The rhythm, the
rhyme, the music, produce on them the effect of what they
call "lawful magic"</span></i><span lang="EN-GB"> (sihr halal).’ - Philip K Hitti, <span class="MsoHyperlink"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="http://www.al-bab.com/arab/literature/poetry.htm">History of the Arabs</a></i></span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[4]</span></b></span></span></i></span></a></span></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">‘For
hundreds of years, Egypt's role in the region was as a cultural world.’</span></i><i> </i><span lang="EN-GB">- Gamal Al Ghitany, editor of al
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Akbar al Adab</i> (literary journal)</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> In his
narration of the mind-boggling PBS TV series <i>Cosmos<a href="https://www.blogger.com/#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[5]</span></b></span></span></span></a></i>,
Prof. Carl Sagan, gave some startling insights about the Great Library of
Alexandria in ancient times:</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> But
the treasure of the library, consecrated to the god Serapis, built in the city
of Alexandria, was its collection of books. The organisers of the library
combed through the cultures and languages of the world for books. They sent
agents abroad to buy up libraries. Commercial ships docking in Alexandria
harbour were searched by the police. Not for contraband, but for books. The
scrolls were borrowed, copied, and returned to their owners. To be studied,
these scrolls were collected in great stacks called ‘books’, from the ships.
Accurate numbers are difficult to come by but it seems that the library
contained at its peak nearly one million scrolls. </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> The
papyrus reed grows in Egypt. It is the origin for our word for ‘paper’ and each
of those million volumes which once existed in this library were hand-written
on papyrus manuscript scrolls. What happened to all those books?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Well, the classical civilization that created
them disintegrated. The library itself was destroyed. Only a small fraction of
the work survived. And as for the rest, we are left with scattered, pathetic,
fragments. But how tantalizing those remaining bits and pieces are! For
example, we know that there once existed here a book by the astronomer
Aristarchus of Samos who apparently argued that the earth was one of the
planets that, like the other planets, orbits the sun and that the stars are
enormously far away. All absolutely correct, but we had to wait nearly two thousand
years for these facts to be rediscovered.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> An excerpt from <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Egypt:
Literature in Ancient Egypt</i>: <span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/liter.htm">A prominent Component
of Civilization, A Feature Tour Egypt Story</a></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">:</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><blockquote><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> In
ancient Egyptian literature, there is a story dating back to the Middle Kingdom
(2022 BC-1850 BC). This era witnessed a great number of writers and thinkers
who left behind a number of works of art reflecting the elevated status of
thinking and culture in ancient Egypt. The story is titled <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Sailor and the Wonder Island</i>. It narrates the story of an
ancient Egyptian sailor whose ship was wrecked with all on board drowned. As
the only survivor, he lives on an isolated island, finds a treasure, returns
home and the mysterious island sinks deep into the sea immediately after his
departure.</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB">Scholars
of comparative literature maintain that the structure, plot and general theme
of the source has inspired many of the greatest and most famous novelists all
over the world. The story had influenced many famous classical and romantic
novels invoking adventures in search of valuable treasures and heroes who lived
in isolated islands.</span></span></span></p></blockquote></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></span></span></p>
<h1 style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><a name="_Toc251692"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc252214;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc254398;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc2686867;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">An excerpt from a fascinating article titled, ‘</span></span></span></span></a><a href="https://memory.loc.gov/intldl/malihtml/malihome.html"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc251692;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc252214;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc254398;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc2686867;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Islamic Manuscripts from Mali: Timbuktu an Islamic Cultural Center</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc251692;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc252214;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc254398;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc2686867;"><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">’:</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></h1>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span></span></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><blockquote><p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span>Timbuktu, the
legendary city founded as a commercial center in West Africa 900 years ago, is
synonymous today for being utterly remote. This, however, was not always the
case. For more than 600 years, Timbuktu was a significant religious, cultural,
and commercial center whose residents traveled north across the Sahara through
Morocco and Algeria to other parts of Africa, Europe, and Asia. Located on the
edge of the Sahara Desert, Timbuktu was famous among the merchants of the
Mediterranean basin as a market for obtaining the goods and products of Africa
south of the desert. Many individuals traveled to Timbuktu to acquire wealth
and political power…</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span>Other individuals
traveled to Timbuktu to acquire knowledge. It was a city famous for the
education of important scholars whose reputations were pan-Islamic. Timbuktu’s
most famous and long lasting contribution to Islamic– and world–civilization is
its scholarship and the books that were written and copied there beginning from
at least the 14<sup>th</sup> century. The brilliance of the University of
Timbuktu was without equal in all of sub-Saharan Africa and was known
throughout the Islamic world.</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span>Over the past
1,200 years, the Western Sahara area has given birth to powerful empires: Ghana
(8<sup>th</sup>-11<sup>th</sup> centuries), Mali (13<sup>th</sup>-17<sup>th</sup>
centuries), and Songhai (15<sup>th</sup>-16<sup>th</sup> centuries). The
influence of these empires transcends Mali’s current boundaries in its
contributions to civilization and culture, particularly through Muslim
scholarship. Many peoples, ideas, and goods passed through these empires by
land and via the Niger River. Among travelers to the region were many Muslim
scholars who came pursuing knowledge and whose scholarship survives in their
manuscripts…</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span>The texts and
documents included in <i><span>Islamic
Manuscripts from Mali</span></i> are the products of a tradition of book
production reaching back almost 1,000 years. Although this practice is anchored
in the methods of Islamic book production, it possesses features particular to
West Africa. The bindings of manuscripts from Timbuktu, and West Africa in
general, are unique in the Islamic world. Their decoration with incised
markings is in a style characteristic of the area. Further, pages are not
attached in any way to the binding–a practice different from all other Islamic
manuscripts.</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span>The form of
Arabic script used in Timbuktu ultimately derives, as do all forms of the
Arabic script, from the Kufic and Hijazi forms of Arabic writing developed in
Iraq and the Hijaz during the eighth and ninth centuries. Western and Eastern
style scripts developed from the Kufic script. The Western style, influenced by
the Hijazi script as used in North Africa, evolved into the script known as
Maghribi, or North African, beginning in the 11<sup>th</sup> century in North
Africa, Spain, and Sicily. Western style script still is used in North Africa.
From North Africa, this script crossed the Sahara Desert, came to Timbuktu, and
spread throughout West Africa where scholars and scribes further developed the
script. An exhibit of pages from these manuscripts is available at: <span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: #0000cc;"><a href="https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/mali/"><span style="color: #0000cc;">http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/mali/</span></a></span></span>.</span></span></span></p></blockquote></div><p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span></span></span></span></p>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhphkHKdS2HRkWe9qQH7MWsOLKPQSYsG8AOpWivIzCw-8TRzMo3flouY5b3E8hkA2gE88Z9EHm05u9Ey14KtUP_l0ODdGSGZ9F-K3GXg-n8Ddr3qLPka1lFGoTjH8Z_CEZ07_Hdf_z5vRR3YSgcoSeGP-KjZn61_dB_KANZ39e7UDablv5Uio7vJc-eeg=s301" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="201" data-original-width="301" height="267" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhphkHKdS2HRkWe9qQH7MWsOLKPQSYsG8AOpWivIzCw-8TRzMo3flouY5b3E8hkA2gE88Z9EHm05u9Ey14KtUP_l0ODdGSGZ9F-K3GXg-n8Ddr3qLPka1lFGoTjH8Z_CEZ07_Hdf_z5vRR3YSgcoSeGP-KjZn61_dB_KANZ39e7UDablv5Uio7vJc-eeg=w400-h267" width="400" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">
<p align="center" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span>A
TIMBUKTU MANUSCRIPT: Songhai Empire and Islam. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">al-Minnah fi Itiqad Ahl al-Sunnah</i> (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Gift of the Followers of the Path of Muhammad</i>).</span></b></span></span></p>
</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></span></div><p>
</p><p style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span>Two
poetry ‘diwans’ - <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Saqt al-Zand</i> and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Luzumiyyat</i> - by the celebrated blind
Syrian poet Abu al-‘Ala’ al-Ma‘arri date back to 1058 CE.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="center" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br clear="all" style="break-before: page; page-break-before: always;" />
</span></b>
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">MODERN TIMES</span></b></span></span></p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">‘Open
your mouth to speak only if what you will say is kinder or more beautiful than
silence.’</span></i><i> </i><span lang="EN-GB">– Arab proverb</span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span></span></p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB">In the Western world, one of the best-known and most
influential Arab poets is Khalil Gibran (1883 – 1931). The author of such
classics as <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Prophet</i> (1923),
Gibran’s writings are so rich with wisdom and poetic flair that they have
acquired a quasi-religious authority all their own. Below is a fragment of
biography from <span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/kahlil-gibran">Poetry Foundation</a></span>:</span></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> Though
he considered himself to be mainly a painter, lived most of his life in the
United States, and wrote his best-known works in English, Kahlil Gibran was the
key figure in a Romantic movement that transformed Arabic literature in the
first half of the twentieth century. Educated in Beirut, Boston, and Paris,
Gibran was influenced by the European modernists of the late nineteenth
century. His early works were sketches, short stories, poems, and prose poems
written in simple language for Arabic newspapers in the United States. These
pieces spoke to the experiences and loneliness of Syrian immigrants in the New
World. For Arab readers accustomed to the rich but difficult and rigid
tradition of Arabic poetry and literary prose, many of the forms and
conventions of which went back to pre-Islamic Bedouin poetry, Gibran’s simple
and direct style was a revelation and an inspiration. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">His themes of alienation, disruption, and lost rural beauty and
security in a modernizing world also resonated with the experiences of his
readers.</b> He quickly found admirers and imitators among Arabic writers, and
his reputation as a central figure of Arabic literary modernism has never been
challenged…</span></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Several of Gibran’s works of fiction—including the
novella <i>al-Ajniha al-mutakassira</i> (1912; translated as <i>The Broken
Wings,</i> 1957), with its story of a doomed love affair—are set in Beirut and
other parts of Lebanon around this time, leading to speculation that they may
be autobiographical; but nothing can be determined with certainty, especially
given Gibran’s habit of embroidering his past.</span></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Gibran left Beirut in 1901 and wandered around
Europe; Paris was among the places he visited…</span></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB">In 1906 Gibran
published <i><span>‘Ara’is al-muruj</span></i>
(Spirit Brides; translated as <i><span>Nymphs
of the Valley,</span></i> 1948), a collection of three short stories. ‘Rimal
al-ajyal wa al-nar al-khalidah’ (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Ash
of Centuries and the Immortal Flame</i>) is a story of reincarnation. Nathan,
the son of the priest of Astarte in Baalbek, loses his lover to disease.
Despite her promise that they will meet again, he is maddened by grief and
wanders lost in the desert...</span></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB">An hour-long ‘musical interpretation’ of Khalil Gibran’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Prophet</i> was recorded by Richard
Harris in 1974 (Atlantic Records; music by Arif Mardin). The audio-visual piece
is now available on YouTube video-sharing website, where it continues to garner
positive comments and spark nostalgia amongst those who read the poems in their
youth. The poems in the recording include ‘The Coming of the Ship’, ‘On Love’, ‘On
Marriage’, ‘On Children’, ‘On Religion’ and ‘On Death’. More recently, an
animated film titled <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Prophet - </i>inspired
by and dedicated to Gibran -<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>has been
produced by Arab-American actress Salma Hayek. It was written and directed by
Roger Allers. </span></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> A few other influential Arab writers of recent times:</span></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> - Nizar Qabbani was a former Syrian diplomat who became one of
the Arab world's greatest poets. He died in London in 1998 at the age of 75.
After his passing, reportedly due to a heart attack, <span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/1998/05/01/arts/nizar-qabbani-sensual-arab-poet-dies-at-75.html">Syrian
poet Youssef Karkoutly described Qabbani as having been ‘as necessary to our
lives as air.</a></span>’ Born on March 21, 1923, Qabbani was twice-married. He
met his second wife, Balqis al-Rawi, at a poetry recital in Baghdad, Iraq. An
Iraqi teacher working for the cultural section of the Iraqi Ministry, she later
died in a bomb attack by pro-Iranian guerrillas in Beirut, Lebanon. Qabbani’s
best-known works include ‘A Poem for Jerusalem’ and ‘Drawing with Words’.</span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background: rgb(191, 191, 191) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;">
<tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 487.8pt;" valign="top" width="650">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">A
POEM FOR JERUSALEM</span></b></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 487.8pt;" valign="top" width="650">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB">Below is part of Nizar Qabbani’s famous poem <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Jerusalem</i> with English translation by Fisal,
a resident of Rosetta, Egypt, where he teaches English as a Foreign Language
(Note: Arabic is read from right to left):</span></span></span></p>
<h3 align="center" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><a name="_Toc251693"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc252215;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc254399;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc2686868;"><u><span lang="EN-GB">Al-Quds
(Jerusalem)</span></u></span></span></span></a></span></span></h3>
<p align="center" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 36.0pt; margin-top: 5.0pt; margin: 5pt 0cm 5pt 36pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">بـَــكــَــيــْـــتُ .. حــَــتــَّــى
اِنــْـــتــَــهــَـــت الــدُّمــُـــوع</span></b></span></span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span>I
cried till tears ended</span></span></span></p>
<p align="center" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 36.0pt; margin-top: 5.0pt; margin: 5pt 0cm 5pt 36pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">صــَـــلــَّــيــْــتُ ..
حــَــتــَّــى ذَابــَـــت الــشــُّــمــُـــوع</span></b></span></span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span>I
prayed .. till candles melted</span></span></span></p>
<p align="center" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 36.0pt; margin-top: 5.0pt; margin: 5pt 0cm 5pt 36pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">رَكــَــعــْــتُ .. حــَــتــَّــى
مــَــلــَّــنــِــي الــرُّكــُـــوع</span></b></span></span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span>I
knelt .. till kneeling got bored with me</span></span></span></p>
<p align="center" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 36.0pt; margin-top: 5.0pt; margin: 5pt 0cm 5pt 36pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">ســَــألــْـــتُ عــَــنْ
مــُــحــَــمــَّــدٍ فــِــيــكِ ، وعــَــنْ يــَــســُــوع</span></b></span></span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span>In
you, I asked about Muhammad and Jesus</span></span></span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b><span face=""Tahoma",sans-serif">يــَــا</span></b><b><span> </span></b><b><span face=""Tahoma",sans-serif">قــُـــدْسُ</span></b><b><span> </span></b><b><span face=""Tahoma",sans-serif">،</span></b><b><span> </span></b><b><span face=""Tahoma",sans-serif">يــَــا</span></b><b><span> </span></b><b><span face=""Tahoma",sans-serif">مــَــدِيــنــَـــةً</span></b><b><span> </span></b><b><span face=""Tahoma",sans-serif">تــَــفــُــوحُ</span></b><b><span> </span></b><b><span face=""Tahoma",sans-serif">أَنــْــبــِــيــَــاءَ</span></b></span></span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span>O,
Quds, O, city scented by prophets</span></span></span></p>
<p align="center" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 36.0pt; margin-top: 5.0pt; margin: 5pt 0cm 5pt 36pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">يــَــا أَقــْـــصــَــرَ الــدُّرُوبِ
بــَــيــْــنَ الأَرْضِ والــســَّــمــَــاءِ</span></b></span></span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span>O,
you, shortest paths between earth and heaven</span></span></span></p>
<p align="center" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 36.0pt; margin-top: 5.0pt; margin: 5pt 0cm 5pt 36pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">يــَــا قــُــدْسُ ، يــَــا
مــَــنــَــارةَ الــشــَّــرَائــِــــع</span></b></span></span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span>O,
Quds! O, you, minaret of religions</span></span></span></p>
<p align="center" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 36.0pt; margin-top: 5.0pt; margin: 5pt 0cm 5pt 36pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">يــَــا طــِــفــْــلــَــةً
جــَــمــِــيــلــَــةً مــَــحــْــرُوقــَـــةَ الأصــَـــابــِـــعِ</span></b></span></span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span>O,
you pretty child with burnt fingers</span></span></span></p>
<p align="center" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 36.0pt; margin-top: 5.0pt; margin: 5pt 0cm 5pt 36pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">حــَـــزيــنــَــةٌ
عــَــيــْـــنــَــاكِ ، يــَــا مــَــدِيــنــَـــةَ الــبــَـــتــُــول</span></b></span></span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span>Your
eyes are sad, O, you city of the virgin (Mary)</span></span></span></p>
<p align="center" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 36.0pt; margin-top: 5.0pt; margin: 5pt 0cm 5pt 36pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">يــَــا وَاحــَــةً
ظــَــلــِــيــلــَـــةً مــَـــرَّ بــِــهــَــا الــرَّســُــول</span></b></span></span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span>O,
you, shady oasis that the messenger (Muhammad) passed by</span></span></span></p>
<p align="center" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 36.0pt; margin-top: 5.0pt; margin: 5pt 0cm 5pt 36pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">حــَــزيــنــَـــةٌ حــِــجــَــارَةُ
الــشــَّـــوَارِع</span></b></span></span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span>The
streets stones are sad</span></span></span></p>
<p align="center" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 36.0pt; margin-top: 5.0pt; margin: 5pt 0cm 5pt 36pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">حــَــزيــنــَــةٌ مــَــآذِنُ
الــجــَـــوَامــِــع</span></b></span></span></p>
<p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span>The
mosques minarets are sad</span></span></span></p>
<p align="center" dir="RTL" style="direction: rtl; margin-bottom: 5.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 36.0pt; margin-top: 5.0pt; margin: 5pt 0cm 5pt 36pt; text-align: center; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">يــَــا قــُــدْسُ ، يــَــا
جــَــمــِــيــلــَــةً تــَــلــْــتــَـــفُّ </span></b></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB">The full
poem/translation is available here: <span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://blogs.transparent.com/arabic/nizar-qabbani-al-quds/">https://blogs.transparent.com/arabic/nizar-qabbani-al-quds<span>/</span></a></span></span><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> - <span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="http://naguibmahfouz.cfun.fr/">Naguib Mahfouz</a></span> was an Egyptian
writer who won the <span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1988/mahfouz-lecture.html">1988
Nobel Prize for Literature</a></span>. He published over 50 novels, over 350
short stories, dozens of movie scripts, and five plays over a 70-year career.
His works, some of which have been made into Egyptian and foreign films,
include <i>Midaq Alley</i>, <i>The Thief and the Dogs<i><span>, </span></i>Miramar<i><span>, La Belle du Caire, Fountain and Tomb , </span></i>Adrift
on the Nile<i><span>, </span></i>Arabian
Nights and Days<i><span>, </span></i>The
Journey of Ibn Fattouma<i><span> and </span></i>Children
of the Alley. </i></span></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> - <span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2008/899/cu3.htm">Yusuf Idris</a></span> (1927
– 1991) was an Egyptian writer of plays, short stories, and novels. He also wrote
regular features for Egypt’s daily newspaper <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Al-Ahram.</i> He was initially trained to be a doctor, studying at the
University of Cairo. His most famous work was a play called <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Al-Farafeer</i> which was centred on the
paradoxical roles of its two main characters: the Master and the ‘Farfour’
(poor layman). His works include the short story collection <span class="MsoHyperlink"><i><a href="http://www.wrmea.com/backissues/1088/8810021.htm" target="_blank">The Cheapest Nights And Other Stories. </a></i></span></span></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><a name="_Toc251694"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc252216;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc254400;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc2686869;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">- </span></span></span></span></a><a href="http://www.awsa.net/literature/salwabakr.html" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc251694;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc252216;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc254400;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc2686869;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Salwa Bakr</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc251694;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc252216;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc254400;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc2686869;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> – Novelist, short story writer. Author of <i>The Man From Bashmour,<i><span> </span></i>The Rooster’s Egg: A Fable of
Ancient Thebes,<i><span> inter alia.</span></i></i></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><a name="_Toc251695"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc252217;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc254401;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc2686870;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">- </span></span></span></span></a><a href="http://www.qantara.de/webcom/show_article.php/_c-310/_nr-514/i.html"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc251695;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc252217;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc254401;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc2686870;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Alaa al Aswany</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc251695;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc252217;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc254401;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc2686870;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> – Novelist/journalist. Author of <i>The Yacoubian Building<i><span>, </span></i>Izzat Amin Iskandar,</i> <i>When
Women are Sinners in the Eyes of Extremists<i><span>,
</span></i>Why the Muslim World Can’t Hear Obama<i><span>, inter alia.</span></i></i></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span></div><p style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><a href="http://www.lettre-ulysses-award.org/jury06/bio_alghitany.html" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc2686871;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc254402;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc252218;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc251696;">Gamal al-Ghitani</span></span></span></span></a></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc2686871;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc254402;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc252218;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc251696;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> – Novelist, short story writer.
Author of <i>Zayni Barakat<i><span>, </span></i>The
Crop<i><span> </span></i>Mystery Woman<i><span>, inter alia.</span></i></i></span></span></span></span></span><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></i></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span></div><p style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span></div><h3 style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><a href="http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/articles/pages/4721/Marsot-Afaf-Lutfi-al-Sayyid-1933.html" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc2686872;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc254403;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc252219;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc251697;">Afaf Lutfi Al-Sayyid</span></span></span></span></a></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc2686872;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc254403;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc252219;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc251697;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> – Historian, essayist. Author of
<i>Egypt and Cromer: A Study in Anglo-Egyptian Relations <i><span>,</span></i>L’expédition d’Égypte et le
débat sur la modernité<i><span>, inter
alia.</span></i></i></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></h3><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span></div><p style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span></div><h3 style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><a href="http://radwaashour.net/English/index.html" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc2686873;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc254404;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc252220;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc251698;">Radwa
Ashour</span></span></span></span></a></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc2686873;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc254404;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc252220;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc251698;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> – Novelist. Author of <i>Siraaj<i><span>, </span></i></i></span></span></span></span></span><a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/booksblog/2008/aug/11/mappinganationthelegacyof" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc2686873;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc254404;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc252220;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc251698;"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Mapping the Nation: The Legacy of Darwish</span></i></span></span></span></span><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></i></a></span></span></h3><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span></div><p style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i> </i></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span></div><h3 style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><a href="http://www.ibe.unesco.org/fileadmin/user_upload/archive/publications/ThinkersPdf/husseine.pdf" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc2686874;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc254405;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc252221;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc251699;">Taha Hussein</span></span></span></span></a></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc2686874;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc254405;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc252221;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc251699;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> – Novelist. Author of <i><span>A Man of Letters, </span></i><i>Le livre
des jours,<i><span> inter alia.</span></i></i></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></h3><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span></div><p style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span> </span></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span></div><h3 style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><a name="_Toc251700"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc252222;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc254406;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc2686875;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Sonallah Ibrahim – Novelist.
Author of <i>Warda<i><span>, Zaat, inter
alia.</span></i></i></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></h3><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i><span> </span></i><span lang="EN-GB">Boualem Sansal – 2011 winner of the Peace Prize of the German
Book Trade</span></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span></div><h3 style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boutros_Boutros-Ghali" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc2686876;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc254407;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc252223;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc251701;">Boutros
Boutros-Ghali</span></span></span></span></a></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc2686876;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc254407;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc252223;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc251701;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> (a former Secretary-General of
the United Nations) – Author of</span></span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></span></span></h3><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span></div><p style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><i><span><a href="http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/53176/william-b-quandt/egypts-road-to-jerusalem-a-diplomats-story-of-the-struggle-for-p" target="_blank">Egypt’s Road to Jerusalem: A Diplomat’s Story of the Struggle
for Peace in the Middle East </a></span></i></span><i><span>(memoir)</span></i></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> - In 2017, the world-renowned <span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="http://www.broadwayworld.com/germany/article/Sundance-Institute-to-Highlight-New-Work-by-Syrian-Playwrights-in-Germany-20170424">Sundance
Institute highlited original works by 6 Syrian playwrights</a></span> in
Germany. The works were:</span></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 54pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"> <span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">Terror </span></i><span lang="EN-GB">by Liwaa Yazji (Film maker,
poet, playwright, screenwriter & translator)</span></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 54pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">Wind The Wind</span></i><span lang="EN-GB"> by Mudar Al Haggi (Dramaturg
and playwright)</span></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 54pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">Chronicles of A City We Never
Knew </span></i><span lang="EN-GB">by Wael
Qadour (Playwright and theater director)</span></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 54pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">Love Stories in Marly's Hotel</span></i><span lang="EN-GB"> by Amre Sawah (Writer,
dramaturg, journalist, theatre and film director)</span></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 54pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">Amad</span></i><span lang="EN-GB"> by Wael Salem (Graduate of Damascus Higher
Institute for Dramatic Arts) </span></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 54.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt 54pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">Family Statement</span></i><span lang="EN-GB"> by Ayham Abu Shaqra (A graduate
of Damascus Higher Institute for Dramatic Studies) </span></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB">Sundance Institute Theatre Program's Artistic Director, Philip
Himberg:</span></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></span></span></p><blockquote><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-GB"><b> Many
of the works address a very specific set of circumstances and places associated
with the artistic diaspora but the stories are deeply personal, rather than
overtly political, as is the case in the best theatrical writing. Time and
space to create are essential to global culture, especially in times of
conflicts and major transformations; preserving and cultivating independent
voices and storytelling enriches societies. We’re excited to convene these
artists in Berlin, with its dynamic and thriving metropolitan community which
includes many Middle Eastern & North African artists.</b></span></span></blockquote><p></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></b><span lang="EN-GB">Other notable Egyptian scribes include Hassan Hegazy, Ahdaf
Soueif, Tawfiq al-Hakim, Alifa Rifaat (Fatimah Rifaat).</span></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> Recommended lit journal:</span><span lang="EN-GB"> </span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.banipal.co.uk">Banipal</a></span></i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">
</span></i><span lang="EN-GB">(UK) Magazine
of Modern Arab Literature</span></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> ‘Tales From the Nile: The Best Egyptian Writers’, a curated
list by Sasha Frost, for TheCulturetrip.com is available online at this URL:</span></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://theculturetrip.com/africa/egypt/articles/tales-from-the-nile-the-best-egyptian-writers/">https://theculturetrip.com/africa/egypt/articles/tales-from-the-nile-the-best-egyptian-writers/</a></span></span><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></b></span></span><br clear="all" style="break-before: page; page-break-before: always;" /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">
</span></b>
</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">AWARDS AND RECOGNITIONS</span></b></span></span></p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">‘Great
literature can change our individual landscapes; it is an act of travel, of
freedom, a slight re-writing of our cramped and determined interior spaces.
Getting out from underneath the elephantine weight of the usual creates a
sudden, dizzying lightness. It gives us the impossible power of stepping
outside ourselves for just a moment.’</span></i><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB">- M. Lynx Qualey, <span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="http://www.ArabLit.org">Arabic Literature</a></span></span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEifw1TOqXbV4ThiiqpXITFxIi69bEJYgZLFLLmPLqr2lPWfjYUjc28fCoo2Kg-TpD3g5-Yg3NADIBfxV4445TwHbvOgnTDKoDndx6dQEM7gbdbcQ5G__T633x9PcWxO_Qc7QNviKa1qJC0Kl0xTo5YflDlTSw1Gw_mXfqNVzurUJxUrwcWXxmbwMBz19A=s381" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="381" data-original-width="307" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEifw1TOqXbV4ThiiqpXITFxIi69bEJYgZLFLLmPLqr2lPWfjYUjc28fCoo2Kg-TpD3g5-Yg3NADIBfxV4445TwHbvOgnTDKoDndx6dQEM7gbdbcQ5G__T633x9PcWxO_Qc7QNviKa1qJC0Kl0xTo5YflDlTSw1Gw_mXfqNVzurUJxUrwcWXxmbwMBz19A=w323-h400" width="323" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">Abu
Dhabi International Airport’s First Library Supporting the ‘Year of Reading’</span></b></span></span></p>
</td></tr></tbody></table><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span></span><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: center;">
<p style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 14.4pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;">The
International Prize for Arabic Fiction (IPAF) is an annual literary prize
supported by the<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: #0000cc; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;"><a href="http://www.arabicfiction.org/Supporters.html" target="_self"><span style="color: #0000cc;">Booker Prize Foundation</span></a></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;"> </span></span><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;">in
London and financially backed by the TCA Abu Dhabi, UAE. During its
launch, in Abu Dhabi in 2007, Jonathan Taylor, the IPAF Chairman, said: </span></span></span></p>
<p style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 14.4pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;"> </span></span></span></p>
<p style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 14.4pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;"></span></span></span></b></p><blockquote><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;">I believe that this Prize will reward and bring recognition and
readership to outstanding writers in Arabic. I look forward to seeing more
high-quality Arabic fiction being accessible to a wider world.</span></span></b></blockquote><p></p>
<p style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 14.4pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;"> </span></span></span></p>
<p style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 14.4pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;">The
judging panel - selected by the<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;"><a href="http://www.arabicfiction.org/trustees.html">Board of
Trustees</a></span></span><span style="color: black;">
- </span><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;">consists of five judges, made up of ‘literary critics, writers and
academics from the Arab world and beyond’. It is modeled on the world-famous </span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: #0000cc; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;"><a href="http://www.themanbookerprize.com/" target="_blank"><span style="color: #0000cc;">Man Booker Prize</span></a></span></span><span style="color: black;"> </span><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;">and reportedly aims
at rewarding Arab writers and increasing international readership via
translation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Shortlisted finalists each
receive USD $10,000 with the winner getting an additional USD $50,000. Again,
Jonathan Taylor:</span></span></span></p>
<p style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 14.4pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;"> </span></span></span></p>
<p style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 14.4pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;"></span></span></span></p><blockquote><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;"><b>Impact is the essence of a successful literary prize. It needs to
be discussed; argued about; criticised; and even sometimes praised! There may
be lively disagreement about who is included and who is excluded from the
longlist and the shortlist. And the eventual winner may provoke fierce debate
as well as great acclaim.</b></span></span></blockquote><p></p>
<p style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 14.4pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span> </span></span></span></p>
<p style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 14.4pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span>- Naguib Mahfouz (Egypt) won the 1988 Nobel
Prize for Literature. Yusuf Idris (Egypt) was nominated several times for the
Nobel Prize for Literature. In 1997, he was awarded the Naguib Mahfouz Medal
for Literature for his novel <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">City of Love
and Ashes</i>.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 14.4pt; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;">- In 2017,
Bushra al-Fadil (Sudan) became the first Arab to pick up the Caine Prize for
African writing. Bushra, 65 years old at the time, was declared winner for his
short story, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Story of the Girl Whose
Birds Flew Away</i>, published in the anthology <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Book of Khartoum – A City in Short Fiction</i>. The story was
originally written in Arabic in 1979 and later translated into English. Bushra
is a poet, short story writer and novelist. </span></span></span></p>
<div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br clear="all" style="break-before: page; page-break-before: always;" /><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">
</span></b></span></span></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">FEMALE SCRIBES</span></b></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;">‘My language in novels and studies is very simple.
They can be read by girls in primary schools and in secondary schools and they
take it to their mothers in their village and they read it.’</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;"> - Nawal El-Saadawi, controversial Egyptian-born writer</span></span></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhS41SOeoo2sbhfyuBT6xCgx5aRexH-kkiZTZpm9WRn5_pYEDt-t48iWdSrBteqMCjAnzMx2xTTwxgvYQq7dIAQzQ0xMd7RjaRqb7BPMFuyMXohKvJFqIUf61kLExY-MSp0jTsRPLbojAlN1yEBGK6qJquVPocLFtGdT7NB0zmnL_vqsEEMT711skTTOA=s400" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="263" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhS41SOeoo2sbhfyuBT6xCgx5aRexH-kkiZTZpm9WRn5_pYEDt-t48iWdSrBteqMCjAnzMx2xTTwxgvYQq7dIAQzQ0xMd7RjaRqb7BPMFuyMXohKvJFqIUf61kLExY-MSp0jTsRPLbojAlN1yEBGK6qJquVPocLFtGdT7NB0zmnL_vqsEEMT711skTTOA=w263-h400" width="263" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">Cover
of Nayra Atiya’s award-winning book,</span></b><span lang="EN-GB"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i>Khul-haal:
Five Egyptian Women Tell Their Stories</i></b></span></span></span></p>
</td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> There is no shortage of female scribes on Arab Street. Let us
lower the veil – so to speak - on just a few of them, in order to get an idea
of their writings.</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> Sara al-Jarwan</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">(Arabic:<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span dir="RTL" face=""Arial",sans-serif" lang="AR-SA" style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">سارة الجروان</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">)
- Emirati<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>novelist, short story
writer and playwright. Author of <i>Shajan Bint Al-Qadar Al-Hazeen</i> (1992), </span><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black;">Risa’il
ila Al-Sultan</span></i><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; color: black;">(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Letters to the Sultan</i>, 2003), <i>Turous
’Ila Moulay Al-Sultan, Al-Kitab Al-Awwal</i><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Letters to My Lord The Sultan</i>, Part One;
2009), and <i>Udhraa’ wa Wali wa Saahir</i><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">A Virgin, a Saint and a Magician</i>, 2011<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>). Also author of the short-story<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>collection <i>Ayqounat Al-Hilm</i><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
Dream’s Icon</i>, 2003).</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> Winner of the Best Emirati Book prize
(2003) and the</span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #252525; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span></span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Owais_Prize" title="Al Owais Prize">Al
Owais Prize</a></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #252525; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">for best novel (2012).</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> Leila Aboulela (Egypt/Sudan) – Author of the novels <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Translator</i> (1999), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Minaret </i>(2005), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Lyrics Alley</i> (2010), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
Translator,</i> and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Kindness of
Enemies</i> (2015). Winner of the 2000 Caine Prize for African Writing for her
short story, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Museum</i>. Born in
Cairo and raised in Khartoum, she currently lives in Aberdeen, Scotland,</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> Miral al-Tahawy (Egypt) – Born to a Bedouin from the Nile
Delta, Miral is a writer and academic. Her literature includes <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Tent, The Blue Aubergine</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Strumming of the Gazelles</i> and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Brooklyn Heights.</i> Currently an assistant
professor of Arabic literature in the University of North Carolina, she has
also written academic essays.</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><a name="_Toc251702"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc252224;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc254408;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc2686877;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Nayra Atiya - <span class="readable">Born in Egypt,</span> Nayra<span class="readable"> is an American
oral historian, writer, and translator. Her 1982 book, </span><i>Khul-haal:
Five Egyptian Women Tell Their Stories<i><span>,</span></i></i><span class="readable"> won a UNICEF prize in 1990. Below is description of it from </span></span></span></span></span></a><a href="https://www.goodreads.com/work/best_book/594784-khul-khaal-five-egyptian-women-tell-their-stories-contemporary-issues"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc251702;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc252224;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc254408;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc2686877;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">GoodReads.com</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc251702;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc252224;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc254408;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc2686877;"><span class="readable"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">:</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></span></span></p><blockquote><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-GB"><b> Five
contemporary Egyptian women, in age from their early twenties to mid-sixties
and all of the min- to lower socioeconomic classes, tell their life stories.
From birth and childhood to puberty, clitoridectomy, marriage, adult life, and
children, we are allowed a generous glimpse, through these very personal
accounts, into the details of five women's daily lives. We become acquainted
with their families, share their thoughts, dreams, fears, tragedies, and
disappointments, as well as getting a good dollop of folklore, superstition,
manners and customs, and general information.</b></span></span></blockquote><p></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span> Nawal
El Saadawi (Egypt) – Controversial writer and former medical practitioner.
Author of <i>A Daughter of Isis <i><span>(memoir),
</span></i></i>The<i> Hidden Face of Eve, Woman at Point Zero <i><span>(novel)</span></i></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">,</i> <i>The Innocence of the Devil, Memoirs from the Women’s Prison, </i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">inter alia.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i><span> </span></i><span lang="EN-GB">Raja’a Alem (Saudi Arabia) – Teacher, novelist. Author of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Dove’s Necklace</i>.</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i><span> </span></i><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://voices.cla.umn.edu/artistpages/ahmedLeila.php" target="_blank">Leila
Ahmed</a></span></span><span lang="EN-GB"> –
Author of <span class="MsoHyperlink"><i><a href="http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/borderpassage/summary.html" target="_blank">A
Border Passage </a></i></span><i><span>(memoir)
and </span></i><span class="MsoHyperlink"><i><a href="http://yalepress.yale.edu/yupbooks/book.asp?isbn=0300055838" target="_blank">Women and Gender in Islam </a></i></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i> </i></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><a name="_Toc251703"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc252225;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc254409;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc2686878;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Alifa Rifaat – Author of </span></span></span></span></a><a href="http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/distantview/context.html" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc251703;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc252225;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc254409;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc2686878;"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Distant View of
a Minaret </span></i></span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc251703;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc252225;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc254409;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc2686878;"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">(short Stories)</span></i></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i><span> </span></i></span></span></p>
<h3 style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><a name="_Toc251704"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc252226;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc254410;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc2686879;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Latifa al-Zayyat – Author of <i>The
Open Door</i></span></span></span></span></a><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></i></span></span></h3>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i> </i></span></span></p>
<h3 style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><a name="_Toc251705"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc252227;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc254411;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc2686880;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Zainab al Ghazali – Author of <i>The
Return of the Pharaoh<i><span> (memoir)</span></i></i></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></h3>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"> </span></span></p>
<h3 style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><a name="_Toc251706"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc252228;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc254412;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc2686881;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Laila Abou-Saif –</span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc251706;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc252228;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc254412;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc2686881;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: red;"> </span></span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc251706;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc252228;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc254412;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc2686881;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Author of <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc251706;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc252228;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc254412;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc2686881;"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">A Bridge Through Time (memoir)</span></i></span></span></span></span></span></span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #7f7f7f;"> </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">BOOK FAIRS</span></b></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">‘Still
eyes look coldly upon me,</span></i></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">Cold
voices whisper and say --</span></i></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">“He
is crazed with the spell of far Arabia,</span></i></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">They
have stolen his wits away.” ’ </span></i></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB">- Walter de la Mare, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Arabia</i></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> The Sharjah International Book Fair is one of the showcase
events of the Government of Sharjah (UAE) and has a history spanning 34 years. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Apart from being a book exhibition/trade fair,
it also acts as window into Arab culture as it grows in order to keep pace with
a fast-changing world.</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> Ahmed Al Ameri, Director of Sharjah International Book Fair:</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></span></span></p><blockquote><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">The publisher, in the Arab
world, he’s the publisher, he’s the distributor, he’s the wholesaler and he’s
the bookshop. There is no distribution company existing in the Middle East. So
the Arab publisher can distribute his books only through the book fairs around
the Middle East. It gives them the choice and the options of meeting another
international publisher and signing deal for translating Arabic book to foreign
language. </span></b></span></blockquote><span style="font-size: small;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></b></span><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjy83AX0FD1wtWZv-UZWTtL8rCKGP3EG5i8X8su4PaN8lgdXCsexyT5WTZ50x5ITFwbvByh7D46VXjG3ERxCUxZC47evaytRseHVK5GAsomUyvQWQ1PbfOm6W9FlHe_qJCrsNvAvJASDQ_Cnqu6YMWYZ4dCj7s881AVHs4hid4EMOmG4PhUhJu7uxSaJw=s385" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="217" data-original-width="385" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjy83AX0FD1wtWZv-UZWTtL8rCKGP3EG5i8X8su4PaN8lgdXCsexyT5WTZ50x5ITFwbvByh7D46VXjG3ERxCUxZC47evaytRseHVK5GAsomUyvQWQ1PbfOm6W9FlHe_qJCrsNvAvJASDQ_Cnqu6YMWYZ4dCj7s881AVHs4hid4EMOmG4PhUhJu7uxSaJw=w400-h225" width="400" /></a></b></span></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><br /></b></span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></b></span></span>
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB">From <span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/books/sharjah-international-book-fair-returns-with-a-wide-range-of-topics-1.672774">an
article in the UAE Edition of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
National</i></a></span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[1]</span></b></span></span></i></span></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>:</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></span></span></p><blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> The
36th edition of Sharjah International Book Fair has returned with another
bumper-sized programme, including panel sessions, book signings, poetry
readings and cooking demonstrations.</span></span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB">Heralded
as the world’s fourth largest book fair and held at the Expo Centre Sharjah
until November 11, the fair took part in the emirate’s Flag Day celebrations on
November 2. Banners and the national flag festooned the expo’s surroundings as
patriotic and Emirati folk songs played throughout the afternoon on large
screens…</span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB">Key
literary discussions began before sunset: one of the biggest sessions of the
day featured foreign correspondent Souad Mekhennet – a German national of
Turkish and Moroccan decent - who arrived to launch the Arabic translation of
her English-written journalism memoir <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">I
Was Told to Come Alone</i>…</span></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB">Literary
critic Yousef Hattini will cast his keen eye on 13 Emirati novels. He will
examine their themes, characters and narrative structure to provide insight on
the development of Emirati fiction over the last four decades…</span></span></span></b></p></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> - The Cairo International Book Fair is the largest and oldest
book fair in the Arab world, held every year in the last week of January in
Cairo, Egypt, in Madinat Nasr. It is organised by the General Egyptian Book
Organisation.</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> - From an article titled <span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="http://www.arabnews.com/saudi-arabia/riyadh-book-fair-brings-nearly-1000-exhibitors">'Riyadh
book fair brings nearly 1,000 exhibitors'</a></span>, written by Abdul Hanan
Tago:</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></span></span></p><blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> This
year's (2014’s) fair confirms that reading in Lebanon and the Arab world is
alive and well,’ says Raida Idriss, director of public relations in Dar Al
Adab, which has won 10 books out of 100 in the Muse List, and won the Wajeeb
Mahfoud award (At The Beirut 58th Annual International Arab Book Fair).</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> After
launching this international book fair, Minister Khoja (Minister of Culture and
Information) said ‘the Riyadh book fair serves as a great networking platform
for publishers, writers and scholars, as well as academic institutions.’ More
than 300,000 titles, including several best-selling books from 31 countries,
are on display in the fair this year.</span></span></span></p></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> - From the official <span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://www.elfdubai.org/en/about">website of the Emirates Literature
Foundation</a></span>:</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><blockquote><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> The
Emirates Literature Foundation, home of the Emirates Airline Festival of
Literature, is a not-for-profit organisation that supports and nurtures a love
of literature in the UAE and across the region through a programme of varied
cultural initiatives.</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB">Established
in 2013 by Royal Decree issued by His Highness Sheikh Mohammed Bin Rashid Al
Maktoum, Vice-President and Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates and
Ruler of Dubai, the Foundation aims to foster a life-long love for all
literature.</span><span lang="EN-GB"> </span><span lang="EN-GB">'The Emirates
Literature Foundation, home of the Emirates Airline Festival of Literature, is
a not-for-profit organisation that supports and nurtures a love of literature
in the UAE and across the region through a programme of varied cultural
initiatives.’</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB">Established
in 2013 by Royal Decree issued by His Highness Sheikh Mohammed Bin Rashid Al
Maktoum, Vice-President and Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates and
Ruler of Dubai, the Foundation aims to foster a life-long love for all
literature.</span></span></span></p></blockquote></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></span></span></p>
<div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br clear="all" style="break-before: page; page-break-before: always;" /><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">
</span></b></span></span></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">INTELLECTUALS</span></b></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB"> ‘I
would rather understand one cause (of natural/scientific happenings) than be
King of Persia.’</span></i><span lang="EN-GB">
</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB">- Democretes, Greek philosopher/early
scientist (conceptualized atoms), circa 400 B.C.</span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEildm9WAitHjR-Kq1ansSxLo0NovyJE7vuEu63Y1TapBAKwXn7n_MOPDu9FN9KHWFaZ9p8ikvUf2wCt7-a5ixXqR6OoxQ3yslQTR5y99e3jlN8mFTZjuuYto_bIR3YgL5bEFekL0ErFLnXfNtqnU3T9_sD7tSOWQ-neJC5Mm46zr-vHKfGSPmzrmmNl6w=s399" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="308" data-original-width="399" height="309" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEildm9WAitHjR-Kq1ansSxLo0NovyJE7vuEu63Y1TapBAKwXn7n_MOPDu9FN9KHWFaZ9p8ikvUf2wCt7-a5ixXqR6OoxQ3yslQTR5y99e3jlN8mFTZjuuYto_bIR3YgL5bEFekL0ErFLnXfNtqnU3T9_sD7tSOWQ-neJC5Mm46zr-vHKfGSPmzrmmNl6w=w400-h309" width="400" /></a></span></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB">‘It is an obligation for every Muslim to seek knowledge. Seek
knowledge even if it be in China. Seek knowledge from cradle to grave. Acquire
knowledge, it enables its possessor to distinguish right from wrong; it lights
the way to heaven.’<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>That is a famous
quote attributed to the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). Below are some
fragments of biographies and works of intellectuals from (or inspired by) the
Arab world who have not only sought knowledge far and wide but also shared it,
and spread influential ideas:</span></span></span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span>- Some
info about the much-lauded the University of <b><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">al-Qarawiyyin, from<span style="color: #7f7f7f;"> </span></span></b><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><a href="http://www.fez-guide.com/Listing/the-karaouine-mosque/">Fez-guide.com</a></span></span><b><span style="color: #7f7f7f; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">:</span></b></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span>The University of
<b><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">al-Qarawiyyin</span></b><i><span> </span></i>or <b><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">al-Karaouine</span></b><i><span> </span></i>(Arabic: </span><span>جامعة</span><span> </span><span>القرويين</span><span>) was founded by Fatima
al-Fihri, a Muslim woman, in 859 in Fes, Morocco; with an associated school, or
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">madrasa,</i> which subsequently became
one of the leading spiritual and educational centers of the historic Muslim
world. It is the oldest existing, continually operating and the first degree-awarding
educational institution in the world according to <i><span>UNESCO</span></i> and Guinness World Records and is sometimes
referred to as the oldest university.</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">Jurji
Zaidan (1861 – 1914) was born in Beirut, Lebanon, and died in Egypt. A writer,
educator and intellectual, he made his mark as a part of the vanguard of the
Arab <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Nahda</i> (Awakening). The Zaidan
Foundation currently upholds his legacy. According to their official website:</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></span></span></p><blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB">The
mission of <span class="MsoHyperlink"><span style="color: #0000cc;"><a href="http://zaidanfoundation.org/"><span style="color: #0000cc;">the Zaidan
Foundation</span></a></span></span> is to enhance intercultural understanding
starting with the international dissemination of the Arab cultural heritage.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB">The
principal objective of the Foundation’s programs in the first three to five
years is to promote the secular and progressive view of Arab and Islamic
culture, history and language. Our audience is the broader English speaking
world: the United States, England and Canada to be sure; but in addition
countries with large English-speaking Muslim populations such as Bangladesh,
India and Pakistan. Other educational and cultural objectives that promote
intercultural understanding may be added in due course. To achieve its
objectives, the Foundation would support, directly or through educational or
other institutions, the translation and publication of historical, literary and
other works, research, scholarships, conferences, seminars, student exchanges,
documentaries, films and other activities.</span></span></span></p></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> - Edward W. Said, a Palestinian-American who achieved rock
star status in academia, was a Professor of English and Comparative Literature
at Columbia University (USA) and the author of many books, including <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Question of Palestine </i>and the highly
influential <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Orientalism</i>. Educated in
London as well as in the USA (Princeton and Harvard), he became a leading scholar,
literary critic, public intellectual, and a ‘voice’ for the Palestinian cause.
He was born to a well-off family in Jerusalem in 1935 and as a young man, he
witnessed the suffering of Palestinians first-hand. In the US, where he taught
literature for many years, he remained a supporter of the Palestinian cause. A
couple of excerpts from some of his work:</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></span></span></p><blockquote><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-GB">There
can be no true humanism whose scope is limited to extolling patriotically the
virtues of our culture, our language, our monuments. Humanism is the exertion
of one's faculties in language in order to understand, reinterpret, and grapple
with the products of language in history, other languages and other histories.
In my understanding of its relevance today, humanism is not a way of consolidating
and affirming what ‘we’ have always known and felt, but rather a means of
questioning, upsetting, and reformulating so much of what is presented to us as
commodified, packaged, uncontroversial, and uncritically codified certainties.</span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a></span></blockquote><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB">And </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></span></span></p><blockquote><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-GB"> The
existence of individuals or groups seeking social justice and economic
equality, who understand that freedom must include the right to a whole range
of choices affording cultural, political, intellectual, and economic
development, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ipso facto</i> will lead one
to a desire for articulation as opposed to silence. This is the functional
idiom of the intellectual vocation. The intellectual therefore stands in a
position to make possible and further the formulation of these expectations and
wishes.</span><a href="https://www.blogger.com/#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a></span></blockquote><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></span></span></span></span></a></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></span></span></p><blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB">In the last decade of his life, having been diagnosed with
leukemia, Edward Said authored a poignant memoir titled, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Out of Place</i>. He died in New York in 2003. Al Jazeera media network
recently aired a documentary of this towering literary figure, titled <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Edward Said: Out of Place</i>.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a> In the
opening scenes of the film, the narrator intones:</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> This
empty chair beleonged to one of the finest minds of the 20<sup>th</sup>
Century. In this study, an American Palestinian produced some of the most
original modern writing and radical thinking that challenged Western
perceptions of the East. He was born in Plaestine, under the British mandate,
but lived his early life moving between Cairo and Jerusalem where his roots
remained throughout his illustrious life. He was Edward W. Said, a literature
professor who spent so much of his life feeling ‘out of place’.</span></span></span></p></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; tab-stops: 303.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> - Richard Ali, Nigerian novelist, poet and
lawyer<a href="https://www.blogger.com/#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a>:</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span></span></span></span></p><blockquote><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mention must now be made of one of the
world’s greatest writers, now late, who is remembered for his famous Cairo
Trilogy—the novels <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Palace Walk, Palace of
Desire </i>and<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> Sugar Street</i>. I mean,
of course, the Egyptian Naguib Mahfouz, who won the Nobel Prize for Literature
in 1988, just two years after my countryman, Wole Soyinka, was the first
African to win it in 1986. Mahfouz was an Arab, and an African, and we see what
he thought about the many links between us for it informed the topic of his
Nobel Lecture where he speaks of being a child of two civilizations—the
Pharoanic and the Islamic, which are the African and the Arab really. In the
lecture, he says—‘It was my fate, ladies and gentlemen, to be born in the lap
of these two civilizations, and to absorb their milk, to feed on their
literature and art.’ Naguib Mahfouz’s novels are an homage to old Cairo—that
great cosmopolis where ideas and people from all over the world mixed and
created something distinct—a bridge of civilizations. The great Arab public
intellectual, Edward Sa’id, also lived in Cairo after the loss of Palestine and
his last memoir, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Out of Place</i>,
attests to the vibrancy of the city, its mix of people and ideas, its
intersection, its bridging of many identities.</span></span></blockquote><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> - Mary Jane Deeb is the Chief of the African and Middle
Eastern Division at the US Library of Congress. A short bio from <span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="http://perfectlyprovence.co/author/mary-jane-deeb/">'Perfectly
Provence'</a></span>:</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB">Born
in Alexandria, Egypt to Slovenian-Levantine parents, Mary Jane grew up speaking
French at home. Her studies and travels took her from an Irish school run by
nuns to Washington, D.C. Her career has included positions as the Editor of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Middle East Journal,</i> Director of the
Omani Program at The American University in Washington D.C. and Director of the
Algeria Working Group at The Corporate Council on Africa.</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> - New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD)<a href="https://www.blogger.com/#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a>
administrates an event dubbed ‘Arab Voices’. It is a festival of staged
readings featuring work by Arab and Arab-American playwrights and their diverse
stories of life in Syria, Palestine, Egypt, and Lebanon. According to the event
organisers: </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></span></span></p><blockquote><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-GB"> The
performances give audiences a glimpse into the life, heart, and soul of life in
the Middle East. They cover various backgrounds and cultures while exploring
the complex personal and global identity of being an Arab. The stories explore
the characters’ adopted countries and illuminate the lives behind the headlines
with candor, generosity and humor.</span></span></blockquote><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> Past performances include the following works:</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">Oh My Sweet Land</span></i><span lang="EN-GB"> - Written and directed by Amir Nizar
Zuabi</span></span></span></p><ul style="margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">The Hour of Feeling</span></i><span lang="EN-GB"> - Written and directed by Mona
Mansour</span></span></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">Foot</span></i><span lang="EN-GB">
- Written by Ismail Khalidi and directed by Ismail Khalidi and Shana Gold
(About the life of Palestinian footballer Tareq Al-Quto)</span></span></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">Food and Fadwa</span></i><span lang="EN-GB"> - Written by Lameece Issaq and Jacob
Kader, directed by Shana Gold</span></span></span></li></ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> - Suzanne Stetkevych is an Arabic and Islamic Studies Faculty
Member at Georgetown University (US). A specialist in Classical Arabic Poetry, she
holds a BA in Art History from Wellesley College (1972) and a PhD in Classical
Arabic Literature from The University of Chicago (1981). She taught Arabic
literature for many years (1986-2013) at Indiana University, Bloomington,
before her permanent appointment as Sultan Qaboos bin Said Professor of Arabic
and Islamic studies at Georgetown University (2014--). Her publications, in
English and in Arabic, are primarily concerned with the ritual, performance and
performative underpinnings of the structure and function of classical Arabic
poetry in its literary-historical setting. She engages ritual theory, rite of
passage, gift exchange and sacrificial rituals; the socio-economic role of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">qasida</i>; the ceremonial aspects of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">qasida</i> performance as a courtly
negotiation of status and legitimacy; the spiritually and politically
transformative role of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">madih nabawi</i>
(praise poems to the Prophet Mohammad). Among her books are: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Abu Tammam and the Poetics of the Abbasid
Age</i> (E.J. Brill 1991); the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Mute
Immortals Speak: Pre-Islamic Poetry and the Poetics of Ritual</i> (Cornell UP
1993; pbk 2011); <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Poetics of Islamic
Legitimacy: Myth, Gender and Ceremony in the Classical Arabic Ode</i> (Indiana
UP 2002); and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Mantle Odes: Praise
Poems to the Prophet Muhammad in the Arabic Tradition</i> (Indiana UP 2010).</span></span></span></p><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">
</span></b></span></span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">ROYALS</span></b></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">‘Stories
are so magical - before we can write, we tell stories.’</span></i><i> </i><span lang="EN-GB">-<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>HRH The Duchess of Cornwall (UK)</span></span></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhivQi4xIYCNWeF9zw0ecrf84PLMGVVWmKBHKcFvrUrX712YuYVMzbxJVOtShGi_uYRRKgKHLxMuMHPNBoIybzCwJ2Tvpe9cGtJ0S60QrNTHnXBKgld1c3BV0KvO5DJ4qpyp9YcKG6xvpOevvtA_rNpHTqkJRWvVVisfjePR6lix5zN7SCgPq0sNmuvuQ=s501" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="375" data-original-width="501" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhivQi4xIYCNWeF9zw0ecrf84PLMGVVWmKBHKcFvrUrX712YuYVMzbxJVOtShGi_uYRRKgKHLxMuMHPNBoIybzCwJ2Tvpe9cGtJ0S60QrNTHnXBKgld1c3BV0KvO5DJ4qpyp9YcKG6xvpOevvtA_rNpHTqkJRWvVVisfjePR6lix5zN7SCgPq0sNmuvuQ=w400-h300" width="400" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">Her
Majesty Queen Rania of Jordan introduces her children’s book to young readers</span></b></span></span></p>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB">The names of aristocrats, or <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">sheikhs</b>, often pop up when one undertakes a study of the arts of
Middle Eastern Arab states. For example, the Emirates Airline Festival of
Literature takes place under the patronage of His Highness Sheikh Mohammed bin
Rashid Al Maktoum (UAE Vice-President & Prime Minister and Ruler of Dubai),
in partnership with Emirates Airline (a famous global carrier) and the Dubai
Culture & Arts Authority. <span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://www.emirateslitfest.com/about/about-the-festival/">In the words
of its organisers</a></span>, ‘The Emirates Airline Festival of Literature is
the Middle East’s largest celebration of the written and spoken word, bringing
people of all ages and backgrounds together with authors from across the world
to promote education, debate and above all else, love of reading and writing.’</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> Located in the Al Shindagha Historical Neighbourhood of Dubai<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">, Dar Al Adaab</i> (The House of Literature)
is the regular venue of the Emirates Airline Festival of Literature. A quote
from H.H. Sheikh Ahmed bin Saeed Al Maktoum, Chairman of Emirates Literature
Foundation:</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">The heritage and history
of the UAE is tied to literature</span></b><span lang="EN-GB">. We have a wealth of prose and poetry and
the Emirates Literature Foundation aims to cultivate an even richer literary
tradition. The heart of this tradition is Al Shindagha Historical
Neighbourhood, home to many veterans of the city and ideal for the Foundation’s
initiatives, the Emirates Airline Festival of Literature and the Dubai
International Writers’ Centre. The Festival has been instrumental in promoting
intercultural exchange and fostering a culture of reading and writing in the
country and thus, it is fitting that the Festival makes its home in this
picturesque hub of cultural activity. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Dar
Al Adaab</i>, the House of Literature, is the perfect inspiration for writers
and thinkers in the city and we encourage you all to visit us in this beautiful
Literary District.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; line-height: 14.4pt; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;"> In 2009,<span style="color: #444141;"> </span><span style="color: black;">the International Prize
for Arabic Fiction (IPAF) held its first </span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="http://www.arabicfiction.org/nadwa.html">nadwa</a></i></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><i><span style="color: #444141;"> </span></i></span>(writers’
workshop) for a group of aspiring writers from across the Arab world as part of
its effort ‘to identify and encourage future writers of high quality and
distinction by supporting literary initiatives.’ The stated purpose of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">nadwa </i>was to bring together gifted
emerging writers in order to share ideas and develop their writing skills with
the help of two established authors as mentors. It took place under the
auspices His Highness Sheikh Hamdan bin Zayed Al-Nahyan.</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></b><span lang="EN-GB">From a <span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://publishingperspectives.com/2017/08/kalimat-foundations-ara-initiative-uae-visually-impaired/">Publishing
Perspectives online article on an inclusivity initiative for the visually
impaired</a></span>:</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></span></span></p><blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> ‘Visual
literacy’ is the key term here, in what turns out to be another of the many
initiatives established by the UAE’s Sheikha Bodour bint Al Qasimi. And the
goal of the exercise is to help young people develop critical thinking by
making them conscious of the options they have when they interpret what they
see.</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> Apart from patronage, there are various literary works that
have been penned by royals themselves. A famous example is that of Her Majesty
Queen Rania of Jordan who authored a children’s book titled <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Sandwich Swap </i>that was published in
English and Arabic. According to the queen's website, proceeds from the sale of
the book (a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">New York Times</i>
bestseller) will go to an organization in Jordan that is renovating 500 schools
there. <span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="http://www.queenrania.jo/en/media/interviews/queen-rania-discusses-her-new-book-swap-sandwich-oprah">Oprah
Winfrey interviewed Queen Rania about her literary effort</a></span>. </span></span></span></p></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></span></span></p></div><div style="text-align: center;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhXZK0yfTrZdCNZP0-nnuuIEjoAT6KMe4bi0aIaYWte35Ez3aZ5UoqkaIJ-CCWPn6TcIUqBPH3Fe1B9y-vNKetJOqa9ISis1ElMe0lut2S4kJtx0_kZnQ9G8AYU8L7LZl7r0PHYR0wCMHAKT3UYrowPCvZrggnHTBdPuQTAbvRzIJirfAjnh3P85bJrSQ=s442" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="104" data-original-width="442" height="94" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhXZK0yfTrZdCNZP0-nnuuIEjoAT6KMe4bi0aIaYWte35Ez3aZ5UoqkaIJ-CCWPn6TcIUqBPH3Fe1B9y-vNKetJOqa9ISis1ElMe0lut2S4kJtx0_kZnQ9G8AYU8L7LZl7r0PHYR0wCMHAKT3UYrowPCvZrggnHTBdPuQTAbvRzIJirfAjnh3P85bJrSQ=w400-h94" width="400" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Logo of a
royal-backed arts foundation: ‘</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">The
names of aristocrats, or sheikhs, often pop up.’</span></b></span></span></p>
</td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">MORE ABOUT MOORS</span></b></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">‘The
inhabitants are Moors who, although formerly rich, now live in utter poverty –
their most usual occupation is that of making mats, baskets and straw hats so
perfectly finished that the Portuguese bring them out to wear on feast days.’</span></i><span lang="EN-GB"> - A Franciscan monk writing
about Mombasa (East Africa) centuries ago</span></span></span></p>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjOh5kQIGE6lBZdrooImjzyH1n5s91gjh_Ky23aeTh5qS2OLf3AGLMcXMXfwTwHj6g5jj8UDh01T_xjXXbbH-QplX5si8goNVVygm2VwzKmvWicpiV0d0cYH_uRPCoSW5ox9cWbBPSZhUTA7JfyIs1gIQcjgujru1pUFFOC6PqozoNmaI8GOPb0kQcATA=s450" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="255" data-original-width="450" height="226" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjOh5kQIGE6lBZdrooImjzyH1n5s91gjh_Ky23aeTh5qS2OLf3AGLMcXMXfwTwHj6g5jj8UDh01T_xjXXbbH-QplX5si8goNVVygm2VwzKmvWicpiV0d0cYH_uRPCoSW5ox9cWbBPSZhUTA7JfyIs1gIQcjgujru1pUFFOC6PqozoNmaI8GOPb0kQcATA=w400-h226" width="400" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">‘Bedouins
Approaching a City’ (artwork) by Adolf Schreyer (1828 – 1899)</span></b></span></span></p>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">History
scholar Dr. John Henrik Clarke in a talk titled, ‘Moors Were Africans and
Arabs’:</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"></span></span></span></p><blockquote><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> Out
of the western Sudan would come a great general: </span><span lang="EN-GB">Tariq ibn-Ziyad Al-Gabral.<span style="color: red;"> </span>He would discover a weakness in Spain, fighting the
Goths and the Visigoths, and the vandals fighting amongst themselves. The
dissident element would do something in Spain (that) White people rarely ever
do: they would sneak into Africa and tell the Africans how weak the Whites are.
They said, ‘They are so weak, if you want to conquer them, easiest thing to do.’
Gabral would send a testing army of about 10 thousand, just to test their
minds, and found, ‘It <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">is</i> easy!’ Then
later he would send 60 thousand…Now, this is purely an African conquest…The
Rock of Gibraltar is named after him (General Gabral) – ‘The hill or the
mountain of Tariq’. ‘Gibraltar’ is a corruption of his name…Militarily, the
Africans took over Spain, and militarily held Spain until 1240. But the Arabs
did come in…Now let’s look at the Arabs and the Africans – <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">a combination called ‘Moors’ </b>in Spain…</span></span></blockquote><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> According
to that Dr. John Henrik Clarke exposition, the so-called Moors were ‘a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">combination</i> of Black Africans (Berbers<a href="https://www.blogger.com/#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a>
and West Africans) and Arabs.’ </span><span lang="EN-GB">The
‘African conquest’ he described is detailed in an article on TheRealAfrican.com
titled ‘The Black Africans Who Ruled Europe From 711 to 1789’: </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></span></span></p><blockquote><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-GB"> The
Spanish occupation by the Moors began in 711 AD when an African army, under
their leader Tariq ibn-Ziyad, crossed the Strait of Gibraltar from northern
Africa and invaded the Iberia peninsula.</span></span></blockquote><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> From the point of view of one European scholar, the conquest
occured thus:</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></span></span></p><blockquote><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-GB"> The
reins of their horses were as fire, their faces black as pitch, their eyes
shone like buring candles, their horses were swift as leopards and the riders
were fiercer than a wolf in sheepfold at night…The noble Goths (the German
rulers of Spain) were broken in an hour, quicker than tongue can tell. Oh
luckless Spain!</span><span lang="EN-GB"> (Edward
Scobie, ‘The Moors and Portugal’s Global Expansion’)<a href="https://www.blogger.com/#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a></span></span></blockquote><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></span></span></span></a> </span></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> According to TheRealAfrican.com:</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></span></span></p><blockquote><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-GB"> The
Moorish rulers lived in sumptuous palaces…One such Moorish palace ‘Alhambra’ in
Granada is one of Spain’s architectural masterpieces. Alhambra was the seat of
Muslim rulers from the 13<sup>th</sup> century to the end of 15<sup>th</sup>
century. The Alhambra is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.</span></span></blockquote><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> It continues to say:</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></span></span></p><blockquote><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-GB"> Although
generations of Spanish rulers have tried to expunge this era from historical
record, recent archaeology and scholarship now shed fresh light on the Moors
who flourished in Al-Andalus for more than 700 years – from 711 AD until 1492
AD.</span></span></blockquote><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></span></span><br clear="all" style="break-before: page; page-break-before: always;" /><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">
</span></b></span></span>
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">FACTS AND FIGURES</span></b></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">‘(Arabic)
books are written in Cairo, published in Beirut and read in Baghdad.’</span></i><i> </i><span lang="EN-GB">– Famous Middle Eastern saying</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> From <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Arab Book Market</i>
by Samar Abou-Zeid /Frankfurter Buchmesse (2013):</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></span></span></p><blockquote><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> With
all the mentioned reservations, we can say that the Arab world, with its
population of over 362 million people in 2012 (according to the World Bank
data), produces between 15,000 and 18,000 new titles per year, with print runs
varying between 1,000 and 3,000 copies each (but literary fiction even in
English speaking countries doesn’t seem to have huge first print runs; cf. Ian
Irvine p. 6). Which is the number of books produced in countries like Romania
(with a population of 21.3 million in 2012), and Ukraine (population 45.6
million in 2012), and which is roughly the number of titles published yearly by
Penguin Random House.</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></b><span lang="EN-GB">Established in 1995, the Arab Publishers Association (ABA) is
headquarterd in Cairo, Egypt, and has its ‘General Secretariat’ in Beirut,
Lebanon. It is helmed by 30 board members; fifteen representing the Arab
Publishers Associations and fifteen elected during the General Assembly meeting
in Cairo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It adheres to the laws and regulations
of the Arab league.</span></span></span></p></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> In an article titled <span class="MsoHyperlink"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="https://www.arabianbusiness.com/arab-book-trade-is-game-for-growth-80658.html">Arab
Book Trade Is Game for Growth</a></i></span> (31 Jan 2009), Claudia Kaiser,
general manager of KITAB (which organizes Abu Dhabi's annual book fair), gave
some insights into the Arab book market. Some snippets from the interview:</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></span></span></p><blockquote><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> The
Arab book market is very segmented, spread across many different countries.
There's not a lot of readership here - reading isn't a favourite pastime of
most people in the Arab world - there is some difficulty with distribution and
different countries have their own prices, paper quality and translations. In
terms of book selling, it's a very old-fashioned market…</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> There
are a lot of book fairs in the Arab world; every country has at least one. And
these fairs are used to primarily sell books. Publishers will take a stand to
sell to the public, and when the fair is over, the merchandise is moved to
another book fair and the process begins again…</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> To
really bridge the Arab markets, you need good knowledge of the markets, with
statistical data identifying what the problems are. We need to unify the
market, and one means is by creating an online database in Abu Dhabi of all
Arab books in print, and linking it to a good distribution system…</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> One
of the reasons international publishers are not active in this region is
copyright infringement, an issue that is quite widespread. It's a big problem
and hard to track. It ranges from a publisher copying a book and selling it, or
translating and publishing it without buying the rights. Or they buy the
rights, and agree to print 3,000 copies, but then print 5,000 instead.</span></span></span></p></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></span></span></p><blockquote><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-GB"> The Emirate of Sharjah has created ‘the world’s very first
publishing free zone, offering those in the book industry the opportunity to
capitalize on tax-free privileges.’</span></span></blockquote><p></p>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br /></span></span></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB">According to the website <span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://www.businesssetup.com/sharjah-publishing-spc-free-zone">BusinessSetup.com</a></span>:</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></span></span></p><blockquote><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-GB"> It
is managed by Sharjah Book Authority (SBA) under the derivatives of His
Highness Sheikh Dr. Sultan bin Mohammed Al Qasimi, Supreme Council Member and
Ruler of Sharjah. Because of being a cultural capital of the world, this free
zone has become the most sought-after destination by book traders. Cultural
projects such as Sharjah International Book Fair, Sharjah Public Libraries, and
Sharjah Children’s Reading Festival are managed by Sharjah Book Authority in
Sharjah Publishing City Free Zone. Business setup in Sharjah provides plenty of
facilities for new entrepreneurs and business ventures with which they can get
a head start in their business.</span></span></blockquote><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span class="MsoHyperlink"> <span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/sharjah-hopes-to-turn-the-page-in-the-arab-publishing-world-1.74609">Speaking
at the Frankfurt Book Fair in 2015, Ahmed Al Ameri</a></span></span><span lang="EN-GB"> - chairman of the Sharjah Book
Authority – expounded on the much-touted ‘publishing city’:</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> The
Ruler of Sharjah, Dr Sheikh Sultan bin Mohammed Al Qasimi, believes that any
country’s journey towards renaissance and development can only be achieved
through knowledge, which begins with nurturing one’s mind with culture and
knowledge, the main source being literature.</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> The
Sharjah book fair is not merely a place for the sale of books and intellectual
rights. It is an exhibition and a cultural and literary festival that offers an
inspirational platform for industry professionals, academics, artists and the
public.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"></p><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background: rgb(191, 191, 191) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;"><tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"><td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; text-align: center; width: 487.8pt;" valign="top" width="650">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB"> FAMOUS
NIGERIAN SCRIBE PENS POEM FOR ABU DHABI MUSEUM</span></b></span></span></p></td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 487.8pt;" valign="top" width="650">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB">According to an article titled ‘<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://www.thenational.ae/uae/prize-winning-poet-ben-okri-pens-an-ode-to-louvre-abu-dhabi-1.668332">Prize-Winning
Poet Ben Okri Pens An Ode To Louvre Abu Dhabi</a></span>’, written James
Langton and published online by <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
National</i>:</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Awarding-winning Nigerian writer Ben Okri has been commissioned to
write a poem<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>to mark the opening of the Louvre
Abu Dhabi... He also narrates the work, entitled<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Why Are You, You?</i> for a new
video released this week to promote the museum on<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Saadiyat Island. The title is addressed to the museum, which the poet
says is: ‘A world,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>and a meeting of worlds.’ The Louvre's ‘dream’, Okri says, ‘Is to
unite that which has </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>been separated by history. To return the many to the one.’ He
describes the museum as </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>a ‘twenty first century wonder’ with: ‘Universal ideals, visions of
art and truth.’ </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB">Located on an island in the Persian (Arabian) Gulf, Abu
Dhabi is the capital of the United Arab Emirates. Its capital city is the
second most populous in the UAE (after Dubai) and economic activities include
oil exports, international trade and tourism. </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB">Okri’s tribute poem appears below: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></i></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></b></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">‘Why Are You, You?’</span></b></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB">by Ben Okri</span></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></i></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">Why are you, you?</span></i></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">From this question, a new beginning.</span></i></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">From this question, a new destiny.</span></i></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">For you are a world, and a meeting of worlds.</span></i></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">Our dream is to unite that which has been</span></i></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">separated by history.</span></i></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">To return the many to the one.</span></i></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">A great story unites us all,</span></i></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">beyond colour and creed and gender.</span></i></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">The lightning flash of art</span></i></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">And the music of the heart.</span></i></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">We reflect all cultures, all ways.</span></i></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">We are a twenty first century wonder.</span></i></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">Universal ideals, visions of art and truth.</span></i></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">Now is the turning point of cultures and hopes.</span></i></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">Come with questions, leave with visions.</span></i></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">We are the link between the past and the future.</span></i></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">Here, through art, new possibilities are born.
And</span></i></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">new answers are given wings.</span></i></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></i></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">Why are you, you?</span></i></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">Because we are mirrors of each other.</span></i></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">Because together we create new worlds.</span></i></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">Together we are more powerful than we know.</span></i></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">We connect, we inspire, we multiply
illuminations</span></i></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">with the unique light of art.</span></i></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br clear="all" style="break-before: page; page-break-before: always;" />
</span></b></span></span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">CONTROVERSY</span></b></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB"> ‘In
this sense, Palestinian literature is a literature of exile, a quest for
identity in a hostile world, a writing of fractured lives and displaced hopes,
a record of human tragedy.’</span></i></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></i><span lang="EN-GB">- Fakhri Saleh, on Palestinian writing since 1948<a href="https://www.blogger.com/#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a></span></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">‘I've
got a submarine / You've got gasoline / I don't wanna talk about wars between
nations / Not right now' - </span></i><span lang="EN-GB">U2,
‘Get On Your Boots’ (rock song)</span></span></span></p>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiSh0HT413z8pJ2itVQar96Y5_48WyC26enz8A0papPyGl0RdoJXDvj0NH3iKmVfKckpMIcyfRaDnBkD6GOI26001YW_m8mJzUohn6tfC5Dp6TbbVUrkrI31sJCIH2Hryxm5h6XSmlWl-ohJ3WhcMuupCsZbv8mZzTBnHJ3FhI1A2WskmE6IMCrsYFaTA=s394" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="262" data-original-width="394" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiSh0HT413z8pJ2itVQar96Y5_48WyC26enz8A0papPyGl0RdoJXDvj0NH3iKmVfKckpMIcyfRaDnBkD6GOI26001YW_m8mJzUohn6tfC5Dp6TbbVUrkrI31sJCIH2Hryxm5h6XSmlWl-ohJ3WhcMuupCsZbv8mZzTBnHJ3FhI1A2WskmE6IMCrsYFaTA=w400-h266" width="400" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">Palestinian
poet Dareen Tatour</span></b></span></span></p>
</td></tr></tbody></table><div style="text-align: justify;">
<h3 style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><a name="_Toc251707"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc252229;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc254413;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc2686882;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Challenges facing the book trade in Arab dominions include ‘high levels
of censorship’ and ‘closed markets’ in some areas.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Political issues loom large in the Middle
East, even in matters cultural, and the State of Israel is often the elephant
(or camel?) in the room. For example, in 2015, Al Jazeera media reported that
an Israeli court had sentenced Palestinian poet Dareen Tatour to five months in
prison for ‘inciting terrorism’ via a poem she posted on social media.
According to the </span></span></span></span></a><a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/07/dareen-tatour-sentenced-months-prison-poem-180731084215893.html"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc251707;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc252229;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc254413;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc2686882;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Al Jazeera
report</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc251707;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc252229;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc254413;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc2686882;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">:</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></span></span></p><blockquote><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-GB"> Tatour
was arrested during an Israeli police raid in October 2015, a few days after
posting on Facebook and Youtube a video of herself reading a poem titled <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Resist, My People Resist Them</i> as the
soundtrack to images of Palestinians in violent confrontations with Israeli
troops. </span></span></blockquote><p></p>
<h3 style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><a name="_Toc251708"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc252230;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc254414;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc2686883;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">On </span></span></span></span></a><a href="http://www.lancaster.ac.uk/fass/projects/islamism/index.htm"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc251708;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc252230;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc254414;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc2686883;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Islamism and Arab Cultural Expression</span></i></span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc251708;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc252230;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc254414;"><span style="mso-bookmark: _Toc2686883;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">, from the website Lancaster.ac.uk:</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></span></span></p><blockquote><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-GB"> Arab
Islamism has been something of an obsession in the West since 9/11. This
project arose out of a perceived need to engage representations of Islamism by
cultural and creative workers embedded in, or closely affiliated to, the Arab
world who do not primarily target a Western audience. A key objective is to
pluralise Islamism in the face of generalising and/or totalising
representations. An initial archiving and preliminary analysis project, titled
‘<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="http://www.lancaster.ac.uk/fass/projects/islamism/index.htm">Islamism in
Arab Fiction and Film, 1947 to the Present</a></span>’ was funded by the Arts
& Humanities Research Council (AHRC) and the Economic and Social Research
Council (ESRC) UK under the auspices of the Religion & Society programme,
and ran from Feb. 2010 to Feb. 2011.</span></span></blockquote><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>- Gearóid Ó Colmáin,
Irish author and political analyst, in an <span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ACaB0pceHwc">interview with Russia Today
(RT) TV</a></span>: </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></span></span></p><blockquote><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-GB"> This
(<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Charlie Hebdo</i> terrorist attack) is
nothing to do with religion. This is a complete farce...The French media are
talking about Islam all the time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These
people (the terrorists) are not Muslims. This has absolutely nothing to do with
Islam...Incidentally, there has been a novel published recently by Michel
Houellebecq<a href="https://www.blogger.com/#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a>
and it has actually had a lot of media coverage in France. It's called <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Soumission</i><a href="https://www.blogger.com/#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a> - ‘Submission’
- which is the translation for ‘Islam’. The problem with these terrorist
campaigns is that they aim to make the people <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">submit</i> to stay in power… </span></span></blockquote><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> - From a GulfNews article titled ‘<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="http://m.gulfnews.com/news/mena/iraq/book-culture-returns-to-post-daesh-mosul-1.2167860">Book
Culture Returns To-Post Daesh Mosul</a></span>’ (MOSUL, Iraq; 3 Feb 2018): <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></span></span></p><blockquote><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> Literary
cafes, poetry readings and pavement bookstalls - Mosul’s cultural scene is back
in business, months after Iraqi forces ousted Daesh from the city following
three years of extremist rule.</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> At
the ‘Book Forum’ cafe, men and women, young and old, sit passionately debating
literature, music, politics and history.</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> Drinking
tea, coffee and juice, some smoke <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">nargileh</i>
water pipes while an<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> oud</i> player takes
the stage to accompany a poet about to read from his work...</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> A
few months ago, opening a mixed-gender literary cafe in Iraq’s second city
would have been unthinkable – punishable by flogging or death under Daesh rule.</span></span></span></p></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> - A famous <span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/iraq-denounces-us-viper-in-verse-1578317.html">15-stanza
poem by the Iraqi poet Ghazay Dira al-Tai</a></span>, published in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">al- Jumhouriya</i> (an Iraqi newspaper)
during the tenure of Ms Madeline Albright as US Secretary of State was highly
critical of the US’ Iraqi stance. Below are the 4th and 5<sup>th</sup> stanzas
of the poem:</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></i></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">Albright,</span></i></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">your heart is black.</span></i></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">But love is white.</span></i></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">The facts are bright,</span></i></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">But you put off the light</span></i></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">In the middle of the night.</span></i></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></i></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">Albright,</span></i></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">You can't climb the Iraqi</span></i></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">palm</span></i></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">Because of its height.</span></i></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">Albright,</span></i></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">All you say about Iraq</span></i></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">Is not right.</span></i></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">Iraq is not the house of</span></i></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">dark,</span></i></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">It is the source of light.</span></i></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></i></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB">The 10th stanza serves up food for thought:</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></i></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">Albright,</span></i></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">Before you go to bed,</span></i></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">Remember that many thousands</span></i></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">Of Iraqi children will become</span></i></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">dead</span></i></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">Because of the blockade.</span></i></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB">- Below is yet another political poem, this one by Palestinian
poet/author Mahmud Darwish, (1941 – 2008):</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">My father once said</span></i></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">He who has no homeland</span></i></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">Has no grave on earth;</span></i></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-indent: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">…and forbade me to leave.</span></i></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> - The internationally bestselling novel <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Princess: A True Story of Life Behind the Veil in Saudi Arabia </i>(the
first of a trilogy) is allegedly the true story of a Saudi Arabian princess
(simply referred to as ‘Sultana’ in the text) as told to her American friend,
author Jean Sasson. ‘Sultana’, one of the many royals in the oil-rich desert
kingdom of Saudi Arabia, lives a life of privilege but is strongly opposed to
what she considers the subjugation of females in her society. Her story is
reminiscent of the ‘golden cage’ that the UK’s beloved Princess Diana talked of
being trapped in. <span class="MsoHyperlink"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="https://www.goodreads.com/work/editions/2194204-princess-a-true-story-of-life-behind-the-veil-in-saudi-arabia">Princess</a></i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>(2001) became a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">New York Times</i> bestseller has been named ‘one of the best 500 books
written by women since the year 1300.’ The other instalments in the ‘Princess trilogy’
are <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Princess Sultana's Daughters</i> and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Princess Sultana's Circle</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A summary of the supposed non-fiction book
series, from <span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="http://www.jeansasson.com/books/princess-trilogy.html">the author’s
personal website</a></span>:</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></span></span></p><blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB">It all began
with PRINCESS, called ‘Absolutely riveting...’ by People Magazine.</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> This
first book in the trilogy describes the life of Princess Sultana, a princess in
the royal house of Saudi Arabia where she lives in a ‘gilded cage’ with no
freedom and no control over her own life.</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> The
saga continues with PRINCESS SULTANA'S DAUGHTERS called ‘Another page
turner...’ by Publishers Weekly. DAUGHTERS continues the extraordinary story of
Princess Sultana. Gripping and personal, DAUGHTERS recounts the lonely battle
of a Princess who is attempting to secure freedoms for her daughters.</span></span></span></p></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></span></span></p><blockquote><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB">The
third and last book completes the PRINCESS TRILOGY, called a ‘Political
rallying cry....’ by Publisher's Weekly. CIRCLE paints a horrifying reality for
women of the desert kingdom. As Sultana battles for a life of dignity, she
saves other women from servitude.</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> THE
PRINCESS TRILOGY is the testimony of a woman of indomitable spirit and great
courage.</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> You
have never read a story like the story of Sultana, and you will never forget
her or her Muslim sisters.</span></span></span></p></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></span></span></p>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh07Txv9rnDnNV3XhFp74ImTu4A5Q9-JtzBqH3tNkQ9LhvWvlOvVC0iZJ5A7boWsL5oKKIquDy8YfF1v7jFecv4IRJqWuEjpaYsgOisu-cU00KjRd-c5Cu_HDtOEqzBEGKLR4OA0xE1ZMaG-qBSLYV2YgMjF7qpE35TwUrroI6zftrScuaWUcJKihFNOw=s640" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="325" data-original-width="640" height="204" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh07Txv9rnDnNV3XhFp74ImTu4A5Q9-JtzBqH3tNkQ9LhvWvlOvVC0iZJ5A7boWsL5oKKIquDy8YfF1v7jFecv4IRJqWuEjpaYsgOisu-cU00KjRd-c5Cu_HDtOEqzBEGKLR4OA0xE1ZMaG-qBSLYV2YgMjF7qpE35TwUrroI6zftrScuaWUcJKihFNOw=w400-h204" width="400" /></a></span></span></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB">To date, in an era often referred to as the ‘Information Age’,
most literary references to Arabs or the Arab world are unflattering and show
little understanding, empathy or sympathy towards that (sub)race. Below are a
few random snippets from bestselling novels, to illustrate the point:</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></span></span></p><blockquote><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> ‘Now
that the oil glut has taken all the teeth out of the Arab bloc’s threats
against countries that have embassies here, they’ll be moving back. The only
sensible thing. Trying to do business with the Israeli government from Tel Aviv
is like making love through remote control.’ – From <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ambush at Osirak</i> by Herbert Crowder</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> ‘Islam
might be all right for some, he mused, but after staying in Kuwait and Saudi
Arabia and being told they were completely dry he wondered what kind of
religion would stop a guy having a cool beer on a hot day.’ – From <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Fist of God</i> by Frederick Forsyth</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> ‘We
were clearly and attacking force. We could be stuck in North-West Iraq,
carrying the world’s supply of ammunition, explosive ordnance, food and water.
You don’t have to be an archbishop to realize we were not there as members of
the Red Cross.’ – From <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Bravo Two Zero </i>by
Andy McNab</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> ‘Kuwait,
after all, was a fat pigeon ready for plucking. But in six weeks the pigeon had
began to peck and scratch. Over a hundred soldiers and eight officers had
either disappeared or been found dead…For the first time, the (Iraqi)
occupation forces were experiencing fear.’ – From <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Fist of God</i> by Frederick Forsyth</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">The Glory</span></i><span lang="EN-GB">, a novel by Herman Wouk,
celebrates some historic Israeli armed forces’ victories - such as The Six Day
War, the raid on Fatah headquarters in Lebanon, the Yom Kippur War (‘the first
missile-to-sea fight in history’) and the surgically-efficient Raid on Entebbe
(Uganda). ‘His treatment of history is brilliant,’ former America National
Security Advisor Henry Kissinger blurbed about the tome. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The San Jose Mercury</i> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">News</i>
said, ‘Somerset Maugham lived and wrote great fiction well into his nineties.
May Herman Wouk do the same.’ </span></span></span></p></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> Another notable Middle Eastern-themed tome by Herman Wouk is <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Hope</i>. The title refers to the State
of Israel and the central characters are heroic Israelis, including an army
officer, an arms procurer, a fighter pilot and a female soldier. The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Houston Post</i> described it as, ‘heroic
storytelling…it will bring pleasure and education to any who may have wondered
why Yitzak Rabin and Yassir Arafat waited so long to shake hands.’ </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> While there is nothing wrong with retelling historical events
in fiction (In fact, this is something that is to be encouraged worldwide under
Freedom of Expression/Speech/Religion), the distribution/availabity of
narratives appears to be decidedly one-sided (with the possible exception of
China and Russia):<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>from the West to the
rest of the World. Wouldn’t it be great if novels from all parts of the globe
would appear side by side in major stores, allowing readers to get balanced
views? Like the Africans, the Arabs need to promote their own narratives, to
tell their side of the story at an international – not national or sectarian –
level.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB"> PAN-ARABISM</span></b></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">‘I
was born in Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz, Mexico. My grandparents on my father’s
side were Lebanese. In Veracruz, there was a small community of Lebanese
people. And then there were a couple of other smaller communities of people
from the Arab region. But for the Mexicans, we were all Arabs – and I was
raised to be proud of this.’ </span></i><span lang="EN-GB">– Actress Salma Hayek speaking at the 2015 Khalil Gibran ‘Spirit
of Humanity Awards’<a href="https://www.blogger.com/#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a></span></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">‘Trust
in God but tie your camel.</span></i><span lang="EN-GB">’
– Persian proverb</span></span></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiMzT-ljKRwcCWY2s5Gpvm20QqpEdIIZsujnyhipWxVha3D-O2lBfBOG_5BbYMDB2VsXEci8afioGtBw1HHnr0zEpBGuhA36WlLjkv8qTKeLMndfPOVOuXPMojxmLZcqux-7TEUo-D--LmPDtGyNl5WSTsm3msS7HY3jPIVcTzxvPk7IPj8k26fzdTyAg=s381" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="254" data-original-width="381" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiMzT-ljKRwcCWY2s5Gpvm20QqpEdIIZsujnyhipWxVha3D-O2lBfBOG_5BbYMDB2VsXEci8afioGtBw1HHnr0zEpBGuhA36WlLjkv8qTKeLMndfPOVOuXPMojxmLZcqux-7TEUo-D--LmPDtGyNl5WSTsm3msS7HY3jPIVcTzxvPk7IPj8k26fzdTyAg=w400-h266" width="400" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Flag
of the Arab League</span></b></span></span></p>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">A definition of Pan-Arabism<a href="https://www.blogger.com/#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a>
from <span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/history/pan-arabism.html">InfoPlease.com</a></span>:</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></span></span></p><blockquote><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> Pan-Arabism,
general term for the modern movement for political unification among the Arab
nations of the Middle East. Since the Ottoman Turks rose to power in the 14th
cent., there have been stirrings among Arabs for reunification as a means of
reestablishing Arab political power. At the start of World War I, France and
Great Britain, seeking allies against the German-Turkish alliance, encouraged
the cause of Arab nationalism under the leadership of the Hashemite Sherif
Husayn ibn Ali, a descendant of Muhammad. As ruler of Mecca and a religious
leader of Islam, he had great influence in the Arab world, an influence that
continued with his two sons, Abdullah (Abdullah I of Jordan) and Faisal (Faisal
I of Iraq). From the 1930s, hostility toward Zionist aims in Palestine was a
major rallying point for Arab nationalists.</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> The
movement found official expression after World War II in the Arab League and in
such unification attempts as the Arab Federation (1958) of Iraq and Jordan, the
United Arab Republic, the Arab Union (1958), the United Arab Emirates, and the
Arab Maghreb Union (see under Maghreb). The principal instrument of Pan-Arabism
in the early 1960s was the Ba'ath party, which was active in most Arab states,
notably Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria, and Yemen. Gamal
Abdal Nasser of Egypt, who was not a Ba'athist, expressed similar ideals of
Arab unity and socialism....</span></span></span></p></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> From<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> Political and
Social Thought in Africa</i> by Helmi Sharawy:</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></span></span></p><blockquote><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> The
emergence of pan-Arabism or Africanism was more of a political phenomenon than
social-political development. We have therefore to question the popular content
of these pan movements, their spontaneous consistence with the socio-political
movement, and the role of the new consciousness in reforming that movement. Now
that building consciousness has become an endeavour in itself, we have to
ascertain the role of it’s actors, and the masses that adhere to it, in order
to make sure that this new Africanism or Arabism is the same as the pan
movement of before! The same holds in the case of Arabs, Arabity and
pseudo-Arabism. Such a study will show that the new Africanism is more recent
than pan-Africanism, and similarly, pseudo-Arabism is more recent than
pan-Arabism.</span></span></span></p>
<p style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> Formed in<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>Cairo<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>in March 1945, the<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">League of Arab States<b> </b></span>(Arabic:<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span dir="RTL" face=""Arial",sans-serif" lang="AR-SA" style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;">جامعة الدول العربية</span><span face=""Arial",sans-serif"></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">) currently
consists of 22 members. Its stated objective is to ‘draw closer the relations
between member States and co-ordinate collaboration between them, to safeguard
their independence and sovereignty, and to consider in a general way the
affairs and interests of the Arab countries’. </span></span></span></p></blockquote><p style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></span></span><br clear="all" style="break-before: page; page-break-before: always;" /><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">
</span></b></span></span>
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">WHICH WAY ARAB LITERATURE?</span></b></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">‘Whoever
does not love knowledge, then there is no good in him; so there should not be
any acquaintance between you and him, and nor any friendship.’ </span></i><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>– Imam Malik ibn Anas (Arab Muslim jurist,
theologian, and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">hadith </i>traditionist)</span></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">‘Literature
should be more revolutionary than revolutions themselves; writers must find the
means to continue to be critical of the negative elements in the
socio-political reality.’ </span></i><span lang="EN-GB">- Naguib Mahfouz, Egyptian
author</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> From <span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://call-for-papers.sas.upenn.edu/cfp/2017/07/13/contemporary-arabic-literature-in-translation">a
University of Pennsylvania callout for papers</a></span> on ‘</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">contemporary Arabic
literature in translation’</span><span lang="EN-GB">:</span><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"></span></span></span></p><blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> The early years of the 21st century have witnessed a new wave of Arabic
literary works being translated into English and many other languages. A new
generation of Arabic authors has been influenced by political events since
9/11, including the Iraq War and most recently, the Arab uprisings.
Internationally, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">the translation of many
prestigious literary works by Arab authors have introduced the contemporary
Arabic literature to the global readers…</b></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> The most recent generation of Arabic writers have
depicted globalization, Arab diaspora, national and transnational politics,
leading to the emergence of new genres including anthropological novels,
graphic novels, and novels featuring magical realism.</span></span></span></p></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> From a BBC report on the <span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="http://www.sharjahbookfair.com">Sharjah Book Fair</a></span> (United Arab
Emirates): </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></span></p><blockquote><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-GB">While
the Arab world has no shortage of literature, relatively little of it is
translated for a wider audience. This contrasts sharply with the vast amount of
English language material that has come onto the market in the region. And with
the digital publishing industry giving Arabic work a wide berth, what can be
done to push the work of local authors and publishers overseas?</span></span></blockquote><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> Award-winning Arab-English translator, Humphrey Davies: </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></span></span></p><blockquote><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-GB">To
translate from Arabic, you have to know at least two forms of Arabic: There’s
the formal language and then there are the dialects and almost any work of
literature is bound to contain some amount of dialect.</span></span></blockquote><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhcZ3IPd0H0SSUB08vQ4-HtgpV5yX5ZTJKirO-ftbweG1GqqyJt1I0XYmTqOecxjI468532HjpxA9sajjAJsNAXnhDlecIfmfR0S_t6bRs_XulNKdgYTxbZ104zjt77Uv48DnEHtjrs6Y6yIRgFVom73nIdhXr6iJr7BpCn8Dnw3cG-bKzwBohURnHRCQ=s327" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="166" data-original-width="327" height="162" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhcZ3IPd0H0SSUB08vQ4-HtgpV5yX5ZTJKirO-ftbweG1GqqyJt1I0XYmTqOecxjI468532HjpxA9sajjAJsNAXnhDlecIfmfR0S_t6bRs_XulNKdgYTxbZ104zjt77Uv48DnEHtjrs6Y6yIRgFVom73nIdhXr6iJr7BpCn8Dnw3cG-bKzwBohURnHRCQ=s320" width="320" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">Translator
Humphrey Davies</span></b></span></span></p>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">A curated list of translated works on
ArabLit.org, titled ‘<span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://arablit.org/2018/01/03/arabic-literature-in-translation-18-works-forthcoming-in-winter-spring-2018/">Arabic
Literature in Translation: 18 Works Forthcoming in Winter-Spring 2018</a></span>’,
highlights some intriguing titles, including: </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 80px;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"> <span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><b><i><span lang="EN-GB">Moroccan Folktales,</span></i></b><span lang="EN-GB"> ed. Jilali El Koudia, translated
by Jilali El Koudia and Roger Allen with a critical analysis by Hasan M.
El-Shamy (Syracuse University Press)</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><b><i><span lang="EN-GB">Printed in Beirut,</span></i></b><span lang="EN-GB"> by Jabbour Douaihy, translated by
Paula Haidar (Interlink Books)</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"> <span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><b><i><span lang="EN-GB">Pearls on a Branch: Tales From the Arab World Told by Women</span></i></b><span lang="EN-GB">, collected by Najla Jraissaty
Khoury, translated by Inea Bushnaq (Archipelago)</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"> <span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><b><i><span lang="EN-GB">Jerusalem Stands Alone</span></i></b><span lang="EN-GB">, by Mahmoud Shukair, translated by Nicole
Fares (Syracuse University Press)</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 72pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"> <span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-language-override: normal; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><b><i><span lang="EN-GB">In Darfur: An Account of the Sultanate and Its People</span></i></b><span lang="EN-GB">, by Muhammad al-Tunisi, edited
and translated by Humphrey Davies (Library of Arabic Literature)</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">And Then God Created the Middle
East and Said ‘Let There Be Breaking News’ i</span></i><span lang="EN-GB">s a satirical book by London-based <span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="http://www.saqibooks.com/?post_type=books&p=8676">Karl
reMarks</a></span> (real name Karl Sharro), a Lebanese-Iraqi architect and
noted satirist. The book is flush with amusing observations, such as:</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> ‘People
often ask me “what is the Middle East?” It’s the area between Egypt, Iran,
Yemen, Turkey and the British Museum.’</span></span></span></p><blockquote><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB">‘When God put Europe near
the Middle East, it was an Occident waiting to happen.’</span></span></span>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> ‘A
Muslim, a Christian and a Jew walk into a bar. According to new guidelines on
religious tolerance, they enjoy a mutually respectful time.’</span></span></span></p></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB">The poem below, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Outwitted</i>
by Edwin Markham, is short but oh-so-powerful. I wish it were taught to every
school child in the world:</span></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">He drew a circle that shut me out</span></i></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">Heretic, rebel, a thing to flout.</span></i></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">But love and I had the wit to win:</span></i></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">We drew a circle that took him in.</span></i></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB">Let us hope that one day, love (and peace-loving people) will
have ‘the wit to win’ in the ‘Middle East’ and Africa.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></span></p>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">
</span></span></span>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background: rgb(191, 191, 191) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;">
<tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 487.8pt;" valign="top" width="650"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br clear="all" style="break-before: page; page-break-before: always;" />
</span></span></span>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB">‘SOMEONE
IN AFRICA LOVES YOU’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(poem, Arabic
version)</span></b></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB">Written by Alexander Nderitu
(Kenya)</span></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB">Translated into Arabic by
Mohamed Ghoneem (Egypt)</span></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 487.8pt;" valign="top" width="650">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></i></span></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">"شخص في
أفريقيا يحبك"</span></span></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> </span></span></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">تأليف : الكسندر
نديريتو</span></span></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">ترجمة : محمد
عبدالحليم غنيم</span></span></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">لم تأت الفتاة
الشقراء الطويلة إلى شرق أفريقيا في رحلات السفاري ،</span></span></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">وقالت انﻩا كانت
طالبة فى أكسفورد ومتخصصة في التاريخ</span></span></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">و تريد أن ترى
الأماكن التى عاشت في العبودية</span></span></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">و ﺁثار التنافس
بين العرب و البرتغاليين .</span></span></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">كنت أول من تجسس
عليﻩا وﻩى تمشي وحدﻩا على طريق البحر المتعرج</span></span></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">و شيئ ما عنﻩا
قفز للتو و نبﻩنى لي.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">سألتﻩا ما اسمﻩا
و قالت: " سوزان ... مع حرف" ى " .</span></span></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> </span></span></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">منذ تلك اللحظة
، لم تعد ﻩناك مسافة بيننا ؛</span></span></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">أخذتﻩا لرؤية
أطلال جيدي وحصن يسوع</span></span></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">و في الليل دﻩشنا
للسماء الصافية مثل المرﺁة</span></span></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">و ﻩللنا للنار
الﺁكلة والراقصين الأبرار،</span></span></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">بجلودﻩم الأبنوسية
تلمع في ضوء القمر مثل شفرات حلاقة .</span></span></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">تغيرت سوزان
الى الحالة الاستوائية وضفرت لﻩا شعرﻩا</span></span></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">وبعد ذلك رقصنا
على أنغام بوب مارلي و أغانى النائحين .</span></span></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">أينما كان ﻩو
، يجب على كيوبيد أن يكون سعيدة جدا -</span></span></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">رقصت طوال الليل
مع الﺁنسة " سوزان " مع حرف" ى " .</span></span></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> </span></span></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">رقدت سوزان على
الشاطئ لساعات ،اسمرت البشرة ؛</span></span></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">علمتﻩا اللغة
السواحلية ، و علمتني لغة حىى كوكني (1)العامية .</span></span></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">يقول الحكماء
أن الوقت و المد لا ينتظران أحدا</span></span></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">سريعا جدا حان
وقت عودة سوزان .</span></span></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">بدونﻩا ، لم
تعد الحياة في المناطق الاستوائية كما كانت ،</span></span></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">أنا عصبي ﻩكذا
يقول الفتيان زملاء الشاطئ واننى على وشك الجنون.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">أرسلت الى سوزان
رسالة عبر البريد الإلكتروني قائلا: " شخص في أفريقيا يحبك.</span></span></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">و أجابت قائلة
، افتقد أفريقيا و اشتقت إليك ".</span></span></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">التوقيع :
" سوزان" مع حرف" ى " .</span></span></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> </span></span></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">--------------------------</span></span></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> </span></span></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">(1) حى فى لندن
بﻩذا الاسم</span></span></span></p>
<p align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: TimesNewRoman; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">ترجمة : د.محمد
عبدالحليم غنيم</span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></span></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></span></span></p>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br clear="all" /></span></span>
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB"> For further
information on Pan-Arabism see <span style="background: white none repeat scroll 0% 0%;">G. Antonius,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>The Arab Awakening</i><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>(1946, repr. 1965); H. a Faris, ed.,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>Arab Nationalism and the Future of
the Arab World</i><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>(1986); B.
Pridham, ed.,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><i>The Arab Gulf
and the Arab World</i><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>(1988).</span></span></span></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></span></span></p><div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB"> </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">The
awards are administrated by the Arab American Institute Foundation. </span></span></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br clear="all" /></span></span></div><div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB"> Michel Houellebecq - A highly
controversial, award-winning French writer, filmmaker, and poet. Author of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Whatever
</i>(1994),<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Atomised</i> (1998), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Platform</i>
(2001), <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Art of Struggle</i> (1996)
and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">La Carte et le Territoire</i> (2010) </span></span></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Soumission</i> (English: 'Submission') – A
controversial but internationally bestselling novel by Michel Houellebecq which
postulates a futuristic France ruled by a Muslim president. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Guardian’s </i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>review of the book is available here: </span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/dec/16/michel-houllebecq-france-submission-soumission-muslim-islam-president">http://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/dec/16/michel-houllebecq-france-submission-soumission-muslim-islam-president</a></span></span></span></span></p>
</div>
</div>
</div><div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p align="left" class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB"> </span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://thelastonethousandandonenights.wordpress.com/2015/07/22/fakhri-saleh-on-palestinian-writers-a-land-made-of-words/">https://thelastonethousandandonenights.wordpress.com/2015/07/22/fakhri-saleh-on-palestinian-writers-a-land-made-of-words/</a></span></span><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></span></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br clear="all" /></span></span></div><div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB"> Ancient
Libyans also known as Lebu/Libu, Meshwesh, and later often simply described as
‘Moors’.</span></span></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Golden Age of the Moor</span></i><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">,
ed Ivan Van Sertima, USA (Transaction Publishers, 1992), Pg. 336</span></span></span></p>
</div>
</div>
</div><div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br clear="all" /></span></span>
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB"> Edward Said, 'Humanism and
Democratic Criticism'. New York: Columbia University Press, 2004</span></span></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote; text-align: left;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB"> </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Ibid.</span></span></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote; text-align: left;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB"> </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">A
film by Heba Bourini and Mohammad Jameel.</span></span></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote; text-align: left;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB"> </span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://jalada.org/2016/05/30/arabic-as-a-bridge-to-the-rest-of-africa-by-richard-ali/">https://jalada.org/2016/05/30/arabic-as-a-bridge-to-the-rest-of-africa-by-richard-ali/</a></span></span><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></span></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn5" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[5]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB"> The NYUAD
Arts Center, PO Box 129188, Saadiyat Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates</span></span></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></span></span></p>
<div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><br clear="all" /></span></span>
<hr size="1" style="margin-left: 0px; margin-right: auto; text-align: left;" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB"> </span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://www.thenational.ae">https://www.thenational.ae</a></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">, Abu Dhabi,
UAE, S 5 November 2017</span></span></span></p>
</div>
</div>
</div><div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
<hr size="1" style="text-align: left;" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Original Black African Arabs of Arabia
(Part 1)</i> by Ogu Eji-Ofo Annu: </span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.africaresource.com/rasta/sesostris-the-great-the-egyptian-hercules/the-original-black-african-arabs-of-arabia-part-1/">http://www.africaresource.com/rasta/sesostris-the-great-the-egyptian-hercules/the-original-black-african-arabs-of-arabia-part-1/</a></span></span><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></span></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB"> </span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Qu’ran
is often spelt or referred to as ‘Koran’ in the West.</span></span></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB"> For more about Islamic
culture: <span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="http://www.islamicinsights.com/">http://www.islamicinsights.com/</a></span></span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></span></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB"> </span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.al-bab.com">www.al-bab.com</a></span></span><span lang="EN-GB">: </span><span class="MsoHyperlink"><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.al-bab.com/arab/literature/poetry.htm">http://www.al-bab.com/arab/literature/poetry.htm</a></span></span><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></span></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn5" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[5]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB"> </span><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Part 1: The Shores of the Cosmic Ocean</span></i></span></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span> </span></span></span></p><div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"><hr size="1" style="text-align: left;" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB"> Editor
of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">New
African</i>, a Pan-African magazine published by IC Publications in London</span></span></span></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>Alexander Nderituhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03967229184207192460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8867540652900306681.post-55261550770341966732022-03-11T02:59:00.000-08:002022-03-11T02:59:53.920-08:00Launch of 'When the Whirlwind Passes' by Alexander Nderitu<p style="text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/jIBpCrWvwXY" width="320" youtube-src-id="jIBpCrWvwXY"></iframe></span></div><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/>
<w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/>
<w:OverrideTableStyleHps/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="false"
DefSemiHidden="false" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="371">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footer"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of figures"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope return"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="line number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="page number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-align:justify;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">When the Whirlwind Passes</span></i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> a paperback novel by <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Alexander Nderitu</b> was launched at the launched
at the Alliance Française de Nairobi (Multimedia Library) on 29<sup>th</sup>
January 2022. The event, which was hosted by <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Esther Neema</b>, featured performances by Spoken Word poets <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">G-cho Pevu, Jacob Oketch</b>, and the <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Maji Mazuri Teens Club</b> led by their
trainer <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Griffins ‘The Beast’ Ndhine</b>.
Several writers gave tributes to the author. These included <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Munira Hussein, Caroline Mbugua</b>, and <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Gabriel Dinda</b> of The Writers Guild. The
new Director of the Alliance Française, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Charles
Courdent</b>, also made some remarks. The author gave a speech on his
‘twenty-year journey’ in the Kenyan literary space. He announced that all his
e-books will be made available in print format as well.</span></span></p><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Inspired
by a true story, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">When the Whirlwind
Passes</i> follows the life of an ambitious Eastlands beauty who marries a
wealthy fashion baron, and the circumstances that turn their ‘whirlwind
romance’ into a John Grisham-esque murder case. The crime/suspense novel has
the distinction of having been Africa's first purely 'digital novel'. It was
first published online in 2001. Over the next two decades, it remained one of
the continent's most-downloaded e-novels. <span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://www.worldreader.org/worldreader-app/?redirectTo=https%3a%2f%2fread.worldreader.org%2fwelcome%2fios%3fredirectTo%3d%252fBook%252fDetails%252fd3b42c46-fb80-4c04-9e53-a84b50bdbcb2%253fversion%253d0">On
the Worldreader app</a></span> alone, it has thus far been read 29,232 times
and received 1,011 ‘likes’ from fans. In December 2021, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">When the Whirlwind Passes </i>was <span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://businesstoday.co.ke/alexander-nderitu-inks-deal-la-case-books/">released
as an audiobook by US-based publisher LA CASE Books</a></span>. Under the deal,
two Nderitu books - <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">When the Whirlwind
Passes</i> and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Kiss Commander Promise</i>,
were <span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://play.google.com/store/audiobooks/details/Alexander_Nderitu_When_the_whirlwind_passes?id=AQAAAEB8jmPODM&hl=en_US&gl=US">made
available in 66 countries in audiobook format via the Google Play Store.</a></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"></span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/LutyKDSpzS4" width="320" youtube-src-id="LutyKDSpzS4"></iframe> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">Signing autographs</span></span></i> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <br /></span></div><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"></span></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">After
20 years on the Internet and on mobile devices, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">When the Whirlwind Passes </i>(ISBN: 978-9914-707-79-3)<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>has finally hit the print market. The
book is currently <a href="https://nuriakenya.com/product/when-the-whirlwind-passes-by-alexander-nderitu/" target="_blank">available at the Nuria Bookstore</a> where it retails for Kshs
1,000/=</span></span></span> <br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Below are some shots from the event:</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiK9z_WvvJkt6MNora2ICjLARRzKnza4BBBVEMLHnFYXOOs4cjl0A9dFkiP7DkV9jB6xQ8ntjVyQcC48e92VHwgZ_IlpKIP6H84ZDQV4fEEO9RlO1TG7StfUuUFekQjPxJ_29lm6LfDWZQPivMSHO_Df_jGkBgW8WVw_5REAoH0T5Z22Jyv_0gu2iBTsw=s1280" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="960" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiK9z_WvvJkt6MNora2ICjLARRzKnza4BBBVEMLHnFYXOOs4cjl0A9dFkiP7DkV9jB6xQ8ntjVyQcC48e92VHwgZ_IlpKIP6H84ZDQV4fEEO9RlO1TG7StfUuUFekQjPxJ_29lm6LfDWZQPivMSHO_Df_jGkBgW8WVw_5REAoH0T5Z22Jyv_0gu2iBTsw=s320" width="240" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj8PzaGJ_Gkz17gQwy72EgIg0RKBG-A4_w2IFrO-iMfk8wkpnD-zXKXriqe1GlSwnOfWy01hBCdnrQZOk8Dduoo_g-SJ7_7dM2XOTfcSAkL3Ay7WaHQ8xzG0aZv_JowOX6Ac0u4dsAJXXQoNxLiQEXsh2wb4jE1boQ1MezEMY__VzPQobXPt-m9eWyXCA=s1600" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj8PzaGJ_Gkz17gQwy72EgIg0RKBG-A4_w2IFrO-iMfk8wkpnD-zXKXriqe1GlSwnOfWy01hBCdnrQZOk8Dduoo_g-SJ7_7dM2XOTfcSAkL3Ay7WaHQ8xzG0aZv_JowOX6Ac0u4dsAJXXQoNxLiQEXsh2wb4jE1boQ1MezEMY__VzPQobXPt-m9eWyXCA=s320" width="240" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj9si6tnK_rmMd2nlBRpfsplP4ulsHHTZ-JDSDdvPg-DQsd8CAOI_snshZmgIxw4e8o4Y7BUmRcToxrPm90R3NxRT8YKUPlMT9bgQSWSnZ8DWNJZlscC32DISYbiNdgy9cb71wq8Wi5wsobW3wjap4hdpSBsJMjny5X2T3dTM13xSYsWgNZiOck_CELjQ=s1600" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj9si6tnK_rmMd2nlBRpfsplP4ulsHHTZ-JDSDdvPg-DQsd8CAOI_snshZmgIxw4e8o4Y7BUmRcToxrPm90R3NxRT8YKUPlMT9bgQSWSnZ8DWNJZlscC32DISYbiNdgy9cb71wq8Wi5wsobW3wjap4hdpSBsJMjny5X2T3dTM13xSYsWgNZiOck_CELjQ=s320" width="320" /></a></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: georgia;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg3KzTFblgNclTMQaTk2UWYP-THnrFsGdJ7_Ps7E6ot-SwZY8Jhlu98ZPh9DpDLq9YhHRoKXyz7K5vePpuwW5hDgHRlYtF88tlAW0yYb6jBcrm-NvVThVHGa9Y7ATb1l2MjfLh_OOufthWstcJ-pwHw_CLYxzG5l22oe3ZbURjQ3891ro_Kb_BVWF5kpg=s1600" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg3KzTFblgNclTMQaTk2UWYP-THnrFsGdJ7_Ps7E6ot-SwZY8Jhlu98ZPh9DpDLq9YhHRoKXyz7K5vePpuwW5hDgHRlYtF88tlAW0yYb6jBcrm-NvVThVHGa9Y7ATb1l2MjfLh_OOufthWstcJ-pwHw_CLYxzG5l22oe3ZbURjQ3891ro_Kb_BVWF5kpg=s320" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgnLM7IZp6MVe7XzZ7JA1-PquWxrb4evwALbOCXPM_g_jXjqh8YYaoku9t2PY390RwRuigPMZwVWSONcMah3gjLYxMJfvurFhzzIJ0cr3lpyqiUMS1s8M5c5uuAkyFfbMr9yfnvcAxDnC9wvdl40ivxgcbC7QGfZkoT9yYjG7rLsulcvfl-8RyZqoLiug=s1600" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgnLM7IZp6MVe7XzZ7JA1-PquWxrb4evwALbOCXPM_g_jXjqh8YYaoku9t2PY390RwRuigPMZwVWSONcMah3gjLYxMJfvurFhzzIJ0cr3lpyqiUMS1s8M5c5uuAkyFfbMr9yfnvcAxDnC9wvdl40ivxgcbC7QGfZkoT9yYjG7rLsulcvfl-8RyZqoLiug=s320" width="240" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgj5Gsd_qJY_jdnQ2uGTkh_g_h6xILBFHjvvmOXqPCUCFe6fcfuO0v6d_QB7XbB5HpoU0Pkedxh4Sw2R8Y3BV9xl9PaABDTfwfuBh5fWFIc_v8K_3Rt6qmh3YH8cbP1nqeoMRU8JSP-raFGDMQ3T3hq0aCUz7odYdbNedYT0ZJMrivZgxXIHd6ZU1rXWg=s1600" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgj5Gsd_qJY_jdnQ2uGTkh_g_h6xILBFHjvvmOXqPCUCFe6fcfuO0v6d_QB7XbB5HpoU0Pkedxh4Sw2R8Y3BV9xl9PaABDTfwfuBh5fWFIc_v8K_3Rt6qmh3YH8cbP1nqeoMRU8JSP-raFGDMQ3T3hq0aCUz7odYdbNedYT0ZJMrivZgxXIHd6ZU1rXWg=s320" width="240" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg-pk_0BbKnIZJWQp9yZBrFvSG2eZChf-i-PnILbzEP0N9e5VRH5g-xg-CTycir23JbdrKDh74UPXgKXQ-spzuJfr-KRrob6S5mPxekGk6s-cS61w6fiNOF31jySaiebLVaL972RddmpE1Y9JbvrFNO1MQzZSaRc8RKM-kv4iZqxz7nuQJuTyDvidMNgg=s1600" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg-pk_0BbKnIZJWQp9yZBrFvSG2eZChf-i-PnILbzEP0N9e5VRH5g-xg-CTycir23JbdrKDh74UPXgKXQ-spzuJfr-KRrob6S5mPxekGk6s-cS61w6fiNOF31jySaiebLVaL972RddmpE1Y9JbvrFNO1MQzZSaRc8RKM-kv4iZqxz7nuQJuTyDvidMNgg=s320" width="240" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiNLODH79PeuXdIVFN4qbDcCpL165E1qKJJiFAULIDxCZFgiOuTZEl4BOlMgh0XXnewB2OSX_wFh9c6VyliFqlHtz58vQqoLe9K6NGq0HOMSjl1VVbwzj8bMZRx5gJuk83yTQWKYoYIFWSMH_Rmgjd6pjOJAXCaPuOiIrknHFkK1-o6V-m0o5T6mDml3g=s1600" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiNLODH79PeuXdIVFN4qbDcCpL165E1qKJJiFAULIDxCZFgiOuTZEl4BOlMgh0XXnewB2OSX_wFh9c6VyliFqlHtz58vQqoLe9K6NGq0HOMSjl1VVbwzj8bMZRx5gJuk83yTQWKYoYIFWSMH_Rmgjd6pjOJAXCaPuOiIrknHFkK1-o6V-m0o5T6mDml3g=s320" width="240" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg78YE6dyqrPjlSm9SoudXcIuUZx9hO-8_eW1K4nIlv5qcXnrEFZdZ1lBegr-wDjBjBoshiULM-9oHZjpqGnyaIID09yqGi7BGpxmffXzYrxiUxkuc7d7B-dwN74D49IDnLuPJ5tzez4q1GGSW8crl4FAlxg9x8IP8VxZlq-Qsk61bsjxC5adcVN8YCIw=s854" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="854" data-original-width="480" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg78YE6dyqrPjlSm9SoudXcIuUZx9hO-8_eW1K4nIlv5qcXnrEFZdZ1lBegr-wDjBjBoshiULM-9oHZjpqGnyaIID09yqGi7BGpxmffXzYrxiUxkuc7d7B-dwN74D49IDnLuPJ5tzez4q1GGSW8crl4FAlxg9x8IP8VxZlq-Qsk61bsjxC5adcVN8YCIw=s320" width="180" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjXd_P_EJFmyrzraoUN7-sjojSWbTwBejvtudVNWQ3QUMIs2rAJR2OKE7mlyhZ20lb8HKZJGq5ScPYBOWVd9ORZ0sb62G9DehOKUarBW0H4jYFG9MB3RmsihJkRpycC6h8nA5HvBdv8th3c-L8fpUomU_YRFRiFr09mfoxzqTpAccWni_IekkTxHmtGFA=s1600" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjXd_P_EJFmyrzraoUN7-sjojSWbTwBejvtudVNWQ3QUMIs2rAJR2OKE7mlyhZ20lb8HKZJGq5ScPYBOWVd9ORZ0sb62G9DehOKUarBW0H4jYFG9MB3RmsihJkRpycC6h8nA5HvBdv8th3c-L8fpUomU_YRFRiFr09mfoxzqTpAccWni_IekkTxHmtGFA=s320" width="240" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEidwVgpLM-KZfUy9JJ1wOw0X5CdEIU60u4Q9eJKU61whzG8F7x_w7q_xjZsFNKhZE4GvLuPjk5ihTy3N_YB3_pNoU_nFTbVxDq0z6qbSn86uJPxQTvwzWo7Lsipc-4kDHoQMk5XgBwmt8ZjV3WbiEv7EflzApw_QMDl9yFN_t2bx-iqfgXEeEE6j4RZmQ=s1600" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEidwVgpLM-KZfUy9JJ1wOw0X5CdEIU60u4Q9eJKU61whzG8F7x_w7q_xjZsFNKhZE4GvLuPjk5ihTy3N_YB3_pNoU_nFTbVxDq0z6qbSn86uJPxQTvwzWo7Lsipc-4kDHoQMk5XgBwmt8ZjV3WbiEv7EflzApw_QMDl9yFN_t2bx-iqfgXEeEE6j4RZmQ=s320" width="240" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj1-1lUJyxEcoI8GN-maw3t3YXKG8P0Lz3OuCrL5WDcrFyJrc0UGGKOonw_2L0X6YQusO2g0vZ76lOVZY0C05ZrLrtZd3QvMJl3sXZctZA-J2sa1VyeFzw24kPx4C1MzcmopGoiy-e0k2WgfRAMAF95Qsmp9K6aLG7XCJkrnnq75gosJeTDbySeFZON-Q=s1600" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj1-1lUJyxEcoI8GN-maw3t3YXKG8P0Lz3OuCrL5WDcrFyJrc0UGGKOonw_2L0X6YQusO2g0vZ76lOVZY0C05ZrLrtZd3QvMJl3sXZctZA-J2sa1VyeFzw24kPx4C1MzcmopGoiy-e0k2WgfRAMAF95Qsmp9K6aLG7XCJkrnnq75gosJeTDbySeFZON-Q=s320" width="240" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjRwueo17Nz10uEDVMige4lM5ZnpUVAVWIxesneuB9YMqIam8FHtKc3gTxI_esxSj2bYhR0dhEQ53ycBu9TaF2NuyJ18WZ6gip6EPwUAayuTpxVj6MpTs7zGiws5Q5vo193gtQ-eKXykjnpbksWpRZyq8dIE96kNeyv-1mSovQG7nDu0uWN_Q8RLx2evw=s1600" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjRwueo17Nz10uEDVMige4lM5ZnpUVAVWIxesneuB9YMqIam8FHtKc3gTxI_esxSj2bYhR0dhEQ53ycBu9TaF2NuyJ18WZ6gip6EPwUAayuTpxVj6MpTs7zGiws5Q5vo193gtQ-eKXykjnpbksWpRZyq8dIE96kNeyv-1mSovQG7nDu0uWN_Q8RLx2evw=s320" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiCpsm3PJUuahIz3ErYumzrYlgnM5ifxG-XX_J7utdJW9GnKnKQ7uWiJZek0O8IMIXzTo44euNsK6JMJJ1MhDvEG2mJetFUDBOpr8F4St0fvpaIlyAzQz4drkZD4vEBt1geWZCAwEAH-7akdm2ukh21X0d40RyGMLYph7FEnVD-vqm9zmZD7l3D9nr6BA=s1600" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiCpsm3PJUuahIz3ErYumzrYlgnM5ifxG-XX_J7utdJW9GnKnKQ7uWiJZek0O8IMIXzTo44euNsK6JMJJ1MhDvEG2mJetFUDBOpr8F4St0fvpaIlyAzQz4drkZD4vEBt1geWZCAwEAH-7akdm2ukh21X0d40RyGMLYph7FEnVD-vqm9zmZD7l3D9nr6BA=s320" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg7NpoSy2rkXWcHVs3ubXiTea5q7G3odvR00tC-JTw9b7x71E7HhF2e-jFrnVbVI0QBIFaIbpezEG0xwD8c5CaYbiQMuvkgYGuePwYiPf63N7OCTp5mIw3K4k9-HXkHinuwO_xVQAlwtrxsOOh5rkhdB2UHUR8MAeHMRbKEM658t4eJ8Q_Q4pyaRJWsOA=s1600" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg7NpoSy2rkXWcHVs3ubXiTea5q7G3odvR00tC-JTw9b7x71E7HhF2e-jFrnVbVI0QBIFaIbpezEG0xwD8c5CaYbiQMuvkgYGuePwYiPf63N7OCTp5mIw3K4k9-HXkHinuwO_xVQAlwtrxsOOh5rkhdB2UHUR8MAeHMRbKEM658t4eJ8Q_Q4pyaRJWsOA=s320" width="240" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgf4-3Lmi7QzR1K5fnbbeWeRmta82KlreiueDp2jQuVpbWuJNPnVVdzlIOKduN2_HIK8L8DRjbtllhpHODNJ6vD96ILdsxfSJfEJSO0lGznyFZ53MESFKm7nblYA7EXwyWsUSNyhF9yzg9EXOd8mFfG_NBd2qpIzR8wJ5m9v53ySFkwQQBLRzyPFs-t2Q=s1280" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="960" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgf4-3Lmi7QzR1K5fnbbeWeRmta82KlreiueDp2jQuVpbWuJNPnVVdzlIOKduN2_HIK8L8DRjbtllhpHODNJ6vD96ILdsxfSJfEJSO0lGznyFZ53MESFKm7nblYA7EXwyWsUSNyhF9yzg9EXOd8mFfG_NBd2qpIzR8wJ5m9v53ySFkwQQBLRzyPFs-t2Q=s320" width="240" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgeRxNCAcoaOvGhUpQNs8TZSoD_dXJvgPLmT3U2tG1IzMynTm159RbF_-Nopd1lvCChwk7qQIxG6NyhwrZVu5vCsENZqrsCo06NViZPICXet0Kwo45V9eFFxcNdThyNt1mZTzNLbLCZzjyRZbkd483uCsg4jP2usBBlwA20ByAOZ-gZvqj5q98pTulkMQ=s1600" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1600" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgeRxNCAcoaOvGhUpQNs8TZSoD_dXJvgPLmT3U2tG1IzMynTm159RbF_-Nopd1lvCChwk7qQIxG6NyhwrZVu5vCsENZqrsCo06NViZPICXet0Kwo45V9eFFxcNdThyNt1mZTzNLbLCZzjyRZbkd483uCsg4jP2usBBlwA20ByAOZ-gZvqj5q98pTulkMQ=s320" width="320" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /><br /> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span><p></p><span style="font-family: georgia;">
</span>Alexander Nderituhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03967229184207192460noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8867540652900306681.post-88431167506274662542022-02-25T01:25:00.000-08:002022-02-25T01:25:08.075-08:00THE KENYA THEATRE AWARD NOMINEES (2021)
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"></p>
<h2 align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT;">THE COMPLETE LIST OF NOMINEES</span></b></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><b><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgqVhOqIszixBbwTGCb25u6g7tb7Cd-0q5KU004LKZ8p72Hj61RnxmPrKnVrb88vJYfRbyQVdMZJe3YqeMXLgW827Q_cxODRAqnIFFY6fVZSIThw0P_xKdURVw--3tXFU1h35tPF3Bjug4SnuZAhyCwdPhfxWSuFe0V693BFKSp4uZtr9gLBzhWVIofRg=s6720" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">=<img border="0" data-original-height="4480" data-original-width="6720" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgqVhOqIszixBbwTGCb25u6g7tb7Cd-0q5KU004LKZ8p72Hj61RnxmPrKnVrb88vJYfRbyQVdMZJe3YqeMXLgW827Q_cxODRAqnIFFY6fVZSIThw0P_xKdURVw--3tXFU1h35tPF3Bjug4SnuZAhyCwdPhfxWSuFe0V693BFKSp4uZtr9gLBzhWVIofRg=w400-h266" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>A cross-section of the eventual KTA winners.</i><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /></span></b></p>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">1. Best production</span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">a. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Simba Bazenga</i> – KCA
University</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">b. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Nyanga</i> – Baraka Opera
Trust</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">c. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Three is a Crowd</i> –
Heartstrings Entertainment</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; tab-stops: 159.0pt; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></p>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">2. Best Musical theatre
production</span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">a. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Simba Basenga</i> – KCA
University</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">b. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Nyanga</i> – Baraka Opera
Trust</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">c. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">In the Heights</i> - St.
Mary’s school</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">d. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Subira – Silent Voices</i>
and Gilb'art Productions</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;"> </span></p>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">3. Best Kikwetu Production</span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">a. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Hiuria Muiko</i> - Fanaka
Arts</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">b. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Kumutha Ciakane</i> –
Renegade Ventures</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;"> </span></p>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">4. Best Virtual Show – Have
both Hummingbird and theatre for one on the awards program</span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">a. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Call of the Hummingbird</i> –
Ogutu M.raya</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">b. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Theatre for One</i> – The Art
Centre Nyuad</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">c. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Toshanisha</i> – Bold Theatre
Kenya</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;"> </span></p>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">5. Best Children’s Play</span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">a. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Trial of Athena</i> –
Youth Theatre Kenya</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">b. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">In the Heights</i> - St.
Mary’s School</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">c. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Nutcracker</i> – Dance
Centre Kenya</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">6. Best Breakthrough Male
Performer</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">a. Ted Munene in (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">BlackOut</i>)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">b. Emmanuel Baraza (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Simba
Bazenga</i>)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">c. Odhiambo Gadwil (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Men of
Ambition</i>)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;"> </span></p>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">7. Best Breakthrough Female
Performer</span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">a. Mackrine Andala (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Three is a
Crowd</i>)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">b. Vivianne Pambo (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Heart of
Euphoria</i>)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">c. Vivian Nyawira (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Katiba</i>)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;"> </span></p>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">8. Best Performance by a
Female Actor in a Supporting Role (Play) – Very competitive</span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">a. Bernice Nthenya (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Three is a
Crowd</i>)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">b. Sarah Masese (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Heart of Euphoria</i>)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">c. Matilda Igatha (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Trial of
Athena</i>)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">d. Mary Mwikali (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Breathe III</i>)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;"> </span></p>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">9. Best Performance by a Male
Actor in a Supporting Role (Play)</span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">a. Mike Ndeda (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">BlackOut</i>)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">b. Majestic Steve (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Barua</i>)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">c. Martin Githinji (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Breath III</i>)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;"> </span></p>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">10. Best Performance by a
Female Actor in a Supporting Role (Musical)</span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">a. Elizabeth Nekoye (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">In the
Heights</i>)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">b. Rebekeh Dawn (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Nyanga</i>)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">c. Agnes Kola (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Subira</i>)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;"> </span></p>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">11. Best Performance by a Male
Actor in a Supporting Role (Musical)</span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">a. Gilbert Lukalia (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Subira</i>)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">b. Emmanuel Barasa (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Simba
Bazenga</i>)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">c. Caleb Wachira (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Nyanga</i>)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;"> </span></p>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">12. Best Musical
score/arrangements/adaptation</span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">a. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Nyanga </i>– Baraka Opera
Trust</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">b. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Simba Bazenga</i> – KCA
University</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">c. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">In the Heights</i> – St.
Mary’s School</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;"> </span></p>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">13. Best Original Choreography
in a Musical/Play</span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">a. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Nutcracker</i> – Dance
Centre Kenya</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">b. African Contemporary – Sarakasi Trust</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">c. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">In the heights</i> – St.
Mary’s School</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;"> </span></p>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">14. Best Performance by a
Female Actor in a Lead Role (Play)</span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">a. Wakio Mzenge (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Breathe III</i>)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">b. Vivianne Pambo (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Heart of
Euphoria</i>)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">c. Esther Kamba (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Dilation –
Maabara Showcase</i>)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;"> </span></p>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">15. Best Performance by a Male
Actor in a Lead Role (Play)</span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">a. Paul Ogola (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Heartstrings)</i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">b. Nick Ndeda (Back to Basics</span></i><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">c. Odhiambo Gadwil (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Men of
Ambition</i>)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;"> </span></p>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">16. Best Performance in a Solo
Production: Male/Female</span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">a. Esther Kamba (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Dilation –
Maabara Showcase</i>)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">b. Mumbi Kaigwa (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Theatre for one</i>)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">c. Wanjiku Mwavuganga (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Roots –
Maabara Showcase</i>)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;"> </span></p>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">17. Best Performance by a
Female Actor in a Lead Role (Musical)</span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">a. Nice Githinji (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Subira</i>)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">b. Sandra Chadota (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Simba Bazenga</i>)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">c. Lyndie Shinyega (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Nyanga</i>)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;"> </span></p>
<h4 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">18. Best Performance by a Male
Actor in a Lead Role (Musical)</span></b></h4>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">a. Mundawarara Shaun (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Subira</i>)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">b. Tinashe Mpariwa (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">In the
Heights</i>)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">c. Mikal Otieno (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Simba Bazenga</i>)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;"> </span></p>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">19. Best Dance Theatre</span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">a. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Wild Exposed</i> – Egerton
University</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">b. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Nutcracker</i> – Dance
Centre Kenya</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">c. African Contemporary – Sarakasi Trust</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;"> </span></p>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">20. Best Kenyan Playwright</span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">a. Xavier Nato (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">BlackOut</i>)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">b. Brian Orina (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Heart of
Euphoria</i>)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">c. Peter Tosh (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Barua</i> & <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Katiba</i>)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;"> </span></p>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">21. Best Set Design</span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">a. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Nutcracker</i> – Dance
Centre Kenya</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">b. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Hiuria Muiko</i> - Fanaka
Arts</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">c. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Blackout</i> – Millaz
Production</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;"> </span></p>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">22. Best Lighting Design</span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">a. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Breathe III</i> – Back to
Basics</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">b. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Men of Ambition </i>– Journal
of Orina</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">c. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Subira – Silent Voices</i>
and Gilb'art Productions</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;"> </span></p>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">23. Best Sound Design</span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">a. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Call of the Hummingbird</i> –
Ogutu Muraya</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">b. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Nyanga </i>– Baraka Opera
Trust</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">c. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Dilation</i> by Esther Kamba
in Maabara Showcase</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;"> </span></p>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">24. Best Costumes Design</span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">a. The Nutcracker – Dance Centre Kenya</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">b. Sound of Music – Music & Theatre Kenya</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">c. African Contemporary – Sarakasi Trust</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">d. Subira – <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Silent Voices</i>
and Gilb'art Productions</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;"> </span></p>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">25. Best Producer</span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">a. Asha Mwangi (Heartstrings Entertainment)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">b. Clare Wahome (Millaz Production)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">c. Peter Tosh (Liquid Arts Entertainment)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">d. Cooper Rust (Dance Centre Kenya)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">e. Eric Ndugu (Fanaka Arts)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;"> </span></p>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">26. Best Director</span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">a. Sammy Mwangi (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Three is a
Crowd</i>)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">b. Ogutu Muraya (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Simba Bazenga</i>)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">c. Mbeki Mwalimu (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Breathe III</i>)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">d. Peter Tosh (Liquid Arts Entertainment)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">e. Njomo Nyathira (Fanaka Arts)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;"> </span></p>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">27. Best University/college
theatre group</span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">a. KCA University for <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Simba
Bazenga</i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">b. Kenyatta University for <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Contract
Love</i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">c. Egerton University for <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Wild
Exposed</i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;"> </span></p>
<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">28. Best Theatre Company of
the year 2021</span></b></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">a. Liquid Arts Production</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">b. Fanaka Arts</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">c. Millaz Production</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;"> </span></p>
<h2 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">OTHER AWARDS:</span></b></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;"> <br /></span><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjpKWKRWQSbHAXQCZsdDZqQWqqHUkPWnYbthfJPtSKdFh-gcmzRECxKgdoSY1hKBAV6-TRotugRC_quaDBgfxELt6rqUs61wg0sdA6hwpoXzpoOu6HNjOnelr5NwgOCeJmpoQvH_adBBMOQfQaIm7QVF1YAD8E6mBeM9iaa2qIRHZURvwaGXnmeUUNf5Q=s6720" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4480" data-original-width="6720" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjpKWKRWQSbHAXQCZsdDZqQWqqHUkPWnYbthfJPtSKdFh-gcmzRECxKgdoSY1hKBAV6-TRotugRC_quaDBgfxELt6rqUs61wg0sdA6hwpoXzpoOu6HNjOnelr5NwgOCeJmpoQvH_adBBMOQfQaIm7QVF1YAD8E6mBeM9iaa2qIRHZURvwaGXnmeUUNf5Q=s320" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">John Sibi-Okumu (centre) flanked by Kevin Kahuro and Clare Wahome.<span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
<w:UseFELayout/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0cm;
mso-para-margin-right:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0cm;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
</style>
<![endif]--></td></tr></tbody></table><br /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">1. World Impact Award (for an individual or production that raises the
bar of Kenya Theatre</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">Internationally) - <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">John
Sibi-Okumu</b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">2. Life Time Achievement Award (for individuals in the industry for
more than 30 years.) - <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">David Mulwa</b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">3. Jury Special Award (for outstanding contribution to Kenyan Theatre)
- <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Alacoque Ntome</b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: ArialMT;">4. Ushirika Award (for individuals and advertising, corporate,
government entities or venues that support theatre) - <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Kenya Cultural Centre</b></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT;"> </span></p><h3 class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT;">IMAGES <br /></span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT;">The full list of winners will be published here shortly. Until
then, below are some images from the glamorous award ceremony which took place
at the Kenya National Theatre. (All images are Courtesy of KTA.)<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj6PQa-3lwNXZVQySUv72NAD37IXUcU2lrHusrvuywOekONaYcP87vgVPBrfroeO3-R82koIk2FLsc-zndxNdNsuzObcdxGjXo3BPjja1o1ijem-ro1zOnxjZxLtO_inNekWu6Lic0HleQvk6UuKFQqbejZF69o8G67BKCT-RifMNkdq-_TUC2w1bRG-g=s6720" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4480" data-original-width="6720" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj6PQa-3lwNXZVQySUv72NAD37IXUcU2lrHusrvuywOekONaYcP87vgVPBrfroeO3-R82koIk2FLsc-zndxNdNsuzObcdxGjXo3BPjja1o1ijem-ro1zOnxjZxLtO_inNekWu6Lic0HleQvk6UuKFQqbejZF69o8G67BKCT-RifMNkdq-_TUC2w1bRG-g=w400-h266" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEirWERKbwsoxrqL78YduvOA3PLuA8R7C0x7TbLlH_O3MtucvAH4lBJ9SY-UX26qrNyV1eH66kUh6vA1v-RIhWBrXvDS1Fpwgp2AWMNG9kk4EQx-iCe2wWSWDOPgVptzcuQ_ZlgcTe0wbPr-63etSBBpS7efWWBDuK9L4SqSyo8is8TDlXrv9c3EaartUw=s6720" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4480" data-original-width="6720" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEirWERKbwsoxrqL78YduvOA3PLuA8R7C0x7TbLlH_O3MtucvAH4lBJ9SY-UX26qrNyV1eH66kUh6vA1v-RIhWBrXvDS1Fpwgp2AWMNG9kk4EQx-iCe2wWSWDOPgVptzcuQ_ZlgcTe0wbPr-63etSBBpS7efWWBDuK9L4SqSyo8is8TDlXrv9c3EaartUw=w400-h266" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg01CTGHVatrK4jflBZ_aQOEaauUYq5fkyebS9m6wqq4cP-9cblA88aTVkUfb4Iv5fnVX57I7PBMRYHIMmTG5CsfKXSsEqMSdkGMliNzdWcyxjQJ_pNgIAyk5nfwm-eG1eqme4VHazWEzDboLSqE01Mo7XWym9cQ8euIe3gidNnzc_KfwvDwNQoLRI5AA=s6720" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4480" data-original-width="6720" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg01CTGHVatrK4jflBZ_aQOEaauUYq5fkyebS9m6wqq4cP-9cblA88aTVkUfb4Iv5fnVX57I7PBMRYHIMmTG5CsfKXSsEqMSdkGMliNzdWcyxjQJ_pNgIAyk5nfwm-eG1eqme4VHazWEzDboLSqE01Mo7XWym9cQ8euIe3gidNnzc_KfwvDwNQoLRI5AA=w400-h266" width="400" /></a></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjtn9sj4bDkTRBrBZCtt5dqFoX-Z-9IDGSoVA6MY4pG7ICJfo97Vb8JNHzEaIi9OPL90njAvckRbTiQYQxALxTB9OUVV0SNdjVSftsGAJa7Aowi_F31VOOafqIWMq572UJ6bnHAsVDQKtHfXOi7526T-EEW92uSkimHrGTJc8E_VIIq3tpk9VncCs2WpQ=s6720" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4480" data-original-width="6720" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjtn9sj4bDkTRBrBZCtt5dqFoX-Z-9IDGSoVA6MY4pG7ICJfo97Vb8JNHzEaIi9OPL90njAvckRbTiQYQxALxTB9OUVV0SNdjVSftsGAJa7Aowi_F31VOOafqIWMq572UJ6bnHAsVDQKtHfXOi7526T-EEW92uSkimHrGTJc8E_VIIq3tpk9VncCs2WpQ=w400-h266" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhEJwVjSrQZ81ybUduMUg5gBu2Zu_vjiX4tfusLxHJDunIWC_irCc5yBb37Aw8EUkqr0EOR6BVpurkOIyi_94R08aKE5k7cVutDFplOKDUadGA11NMpMTUQ3vDMmIgtQeJOIucSUJadZrC3qsd8mZJl15XaoyWdqV1ggkv8022_ViAQPYeiea_CJNVyFg=s6720" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="6720" data-original-width="4480" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhEJwVjSrQZ81ybUduMUg5gBu2Zu_vjiX4tfusLxHJDunIWC_irCc5yBb37Aw8EUkqr0EOR6BVpurkOIyi_94R08aKE5k7cVutDFplOKDUadGA11NMpMTUQ3vDMmIgtQeJOIucSUJadZrC3qsd8mZJl15XaoyWdqV1ggkv8022_ViAQPYeiea_CJNVyFg=w266-h400" width="266" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi2iIP7dX31v-Yl213V1E-BKpKeN8_IHfz6HMTv17jLNNpLGBZz6wpuwz8oqK5PIeuMBbKGtaNFYic6TKmAfYiYw2mXhNvmNEDqkIN_DggoyerwuLkkGEAejLv5IMN01jUNJMU1_ovAoN07w6UnVSlia0yUxptIbSyAyfKxGk555ivp2ezBNx4m1NF-bw=s6720" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4480" data-original-width="6720" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi2iIP7dX31v-Yl213V1E-BKpKeN8_IHfz6HMTv17jLNNpLGBZz6wpuwz8oqK5PIeuMBbKGtaNFYic6TKmAfYiYw2mXhNvmNEDqkIN_DggoyerwuLkkGEAejLv5IMN01jUNJMU1_ovAoN07w6UnVSlia0yUxptIbSyAyfKxGk555ivp2ezBNx4m1NF-bw=w400-h266" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiu1iOpfwIl4qP8O-HKCcey9FTwzeJXUhNmg3Ji4FwvofjCYu6JjcQbqQ3Ez_IOKjIjD5-B1P0pJLy_lZVkie1kEtuv3v0ybiIGY99q_iBPQlBDzauUwcun5Lia7KzZLR9sdHCNJqnEYenTRWjAsWQUU2ZkE3XdqKp-zmcJnZGUr07uzAbtR9Bukrtofw=s6720" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4480" data-original-width="6720" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiu1iOpfwIl4qP8O-HKCcey9FTwzeJXUhNmg3Ji4FwvofjCYu6JjcQbqQ3Ez_IOKjIjD5-B1P0pJLy_lZVkie1kEtuv3v0ybiIGY99q_iBPQlBDzauUwcun5Lia7KzZLR9sdHCNJqnEYenTRWjAsWQUU2ZkE3XdqKp-zmcJnZGUr07uzAbtR9Bukrtofw=w400-h266" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial-BoldMT;"> </span></p>
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves/>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
<w:UseFELayout/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin-top:0cm;
mso-para-margin-right:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;
mso-para-margin-left:0cm;
line-height:115%;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
</style>
<![endif]-->Alexander Nderituhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03967229184207192460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8867540652900306681.post-30049313465014313402022-01-10T00:19:00.000-08:002022-01-10T00:19:13.236-08:00Race in Literature – From the Past to the Present<div style="text-align: justify;"></div><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">‘I’m
writing for Black people, in the same way that Tolstoy was not writing for me,
a 14-year-old coloured girl from Lorain, Ohio. I don’t have to apologise or
consider myself limited because I don’t (write about White people) – which is
not absolutely true, there are lots of White people in my books. The point is
not having the White critic sit on your shoulder and approve it.’ </span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">- Toni Morrison, Pulitzer
Prize (1988) and Nobel Prize for Literature (1993) winner<a href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">‘As
a rounded human being in his own right, the Black man in Afrikaner literature
is as absent as the English working man from a tea party of Miss Austen’s young
ladies.’ </span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">-
Lawrence van der Post, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Dark Eye in
Africa</i></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; tab-stops: right dotted 432.0pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhxh8bMSdIHNlaB04hehJIF4XkYAVZnOgVtCnPh7G1sqnlhe4fGeXF518f9hmeXfNYX6mP0yaZNU_r9VnZUhWgECwHLko_0m7OS5Oqxp93hSd8yyjZkkuQFvsuQOUW9hXmfWB-GfrKeMtak2n4cAFe8k90Ginp8jeGgIaEPuOJpUeoBN9DIUG9Y3s7ubQ=s508" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="284" data-original-width="508" height="224" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhxh8bMSdIHNlaB04hehJIF4XkYAVZnOgVtCnPh7G1sqnlhe4fGeXF518f9hmeXfNYX6mP0yaZNU_r9VnZUhWgECwHLko_0m7OS5Oqxp93hSd8yyjZkkuQFvsuQOUW9hXmfWB-GfrKeMtak2n4cAFe8k90Ginp8jeGgIaEPuOJpUeoBN9DIUG9Y3s7ubQ=w400-h224" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Poet Amiri Baraka speaking at
the University of Virginia, USA</span></b></td></tr></tbody></table><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">World-renowned European
writer, Milan Kundera: <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></p><blockquote><span style="font-size: small;">The first
step in liquidating a people is to erase its memory. Destroy its books, its
culture, its history. Then have somebody write new books, manufacture a new
culture, invent a new history. Before long the nation will begin to forget what
it is and what it was. The world around it will forget even faster...The
struggle of man against power is the struggle of memory against forgetting. </span></blockquote><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Dr. John Henrik Clarke on the importance of history<a href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a>:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><blockquote><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Finally,
I got to meet Arthur Schomburg<span style="color: red;"> </span>(founder of
Harlem’s Centre for Research in Black Culture)…Being 18 and rash, I wanted to
know the history of African people in the world – right now, henceforth, within
his lunch hour.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He said, ‘Sit down,
son. What you’re calling African History and Negro History are the missing
pages of World History’… I studied European History and World History. Now,
when I went back to Schomburg, with some knowledge of European history, he
began to show me how to study African History. Arthur Schomburg<span style="color: red;"> </span>taught me the inter-relationship of African History
to World History. Wilson Huggins of the old Harlem History Club taught me the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">political</i> meaning of history.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And from the lecture of William Hansberry of
Howard University, I learned the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">philosophical</i>
meaning of history.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">The
most valuable lesson I ever learned was that when you address a people by their
right name, that name must relate to land, history and culture. All people go
back to the geography of their original origin and identify themselves, no
matter where they live on the face of the earth. We have overused the word ‘Black’
because <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">‘Black’ tells you how you look
but it doesn’t tell you who you are.</b> You can call an Italian ‘White’ but
that doesn’t tell you anything about him. We are the only people who seem to
have lost that all-essential trait of geographical and historical reference.</span></p></blockquote></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">British-born writer Elspeth Huxley, in a dated conversation
with William F. Buckley Jr. on TV’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Firing
Line</i> (Episode title: ‘Africa and Colonialism’): <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">I
don’t know what moral pressure you can exert on people who are perfectly
convinced that, morally, they have the answers...You’re talking specifically
about South Africa...The Afrikaners (South Africans of Dutch origin) think they
have the answers; they are in direct communication with God, and it (apartheid)
is all right, you see. It’s all in the Bible...They believe there is a future
for this separate development which can be constructive, with the Africans in
their own areas (ie. apartheid/segregation).<a href="#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">From the award-winning book, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Tram 83</i> by youthful French-language writer Fiston Mujila (DRC):</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></p><blockquote>The
main character in the African novel is always single, neurotic, perverse,
depressive, childless, homeless and overburdened with debt. Here, we live, we
f**k, we’re happy. There needs to be f**king in African literature!</blockquote><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Poet and socio-political
activist Amiri Baraka (USA), speaking at the University of Virginia:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></p><blockquote>Du Bois said
that we suffer the Sisyphus Syndrome: We push the rock up the mountain, they
push it back down. From slavery, we push it up, they push it back down. In the
1920’s and ‘30’s, we pushed it up, they pushed it back down. In the ’50’s we
pushed it up, in the ’60’s they pushed it back down...Now, down in Arizona,
they’re attacking the Latino immigrants. They say, now, that Ethnic Studies is
illegal. In Texas, they say...no mention of slavery in the text books. You talk
about insane people. You talk about people who have deep psychological
problems. They want you to have withstood 300 years of slavery, then you can’t
talk about it. That’s stupid...About the immigrants and all the stuff that they
suffered when they came over here – don’t talk about that, either. So, we’re
facing a new day, actually. Black people are the only people who didn’t come
here on their own free will. We didn’t come here looking for work...We were
brought here against our will, at the bottom of a boat...<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">But now they wonna ban all Ethnic and Black Studies programs</b>, get
rid of any reforms in the financial system, let those corporations run away
with our lives, get rid of health reform. They didn’t even want to have a peace
treaty with Russia...</blockquote><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Below are some ‘Low Coups’
(Black versions of the Japanese ‘Haiku’) by Amiri Baraka, from his collection
of poems titled </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mekNy7o3-JE"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Un Poco Loco</span></i></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Adventures
in Negrossity</span></b></p><div style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;">
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">A
negro tried</span></i></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>to cash hisself</span></i></p><div style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;">
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">for
money</span></i></p><div style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;">
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">at
a bank…</span></i></p><div style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;">
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">He
got arrested </span></i></p><div style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;">
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">as
a </span></i></p><div style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;">
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">counterfeit
</span></i></p><div style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;">
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Nickel!</span></i></p><div style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;">
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></i></p><div style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;">
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Class
Gas For Those Who Knows</span></b></p><div style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;">
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Since
the rich eat </span></i></p><div style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;">
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">More
than anybody else</span></i></p><div style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;">
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">It
is reasonable to assume</span></i></p><div style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;">
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">That
they are more </span></i></p><div style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;">
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Full
of shit</span></i></p><div style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;">
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></i></p><div style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;">
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Culture</span></b></p><div style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;">
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">European
Jews say</span></i></p><div style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;">
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">The
devil speaks </span></i></p><div style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;">
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Perfect
German</span></i></p><div style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;">
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></i></p><div style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;">
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Black
Americans </span></i></p><div style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;">
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">On
the other hand</span></i></p><div style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;">
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Say</span></i></p><div style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;">
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">“He
speak pretty good</span></i></p><div style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;">
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">English</span></i></p><div style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;">
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Too!”</span></i></p><div style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;">
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></p><div style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;">
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">In
the Funk World</span></b></p><div style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;">
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">If
Elvis Presley </span></i></p><div style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;">
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">is
</span></i></p><div style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;">
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">the
King</span></i></p><div style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;">
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Who
is James Brown –</span></i></p><div style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;">
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">God!!?</span></i></p><div style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;">
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b></p><div style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;">
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Silent
Night</span></b></p><div style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;">
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Whenever
the Devil</span></i></p><div style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;">
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Is
disguised as God</span></i></p><div style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;">
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">He
is called</span></i></p><div style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;">
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Santa
Claus!</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Low Coup</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Craziness</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Is no act</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Not to act </span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Is </span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Crazinesss!</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Catch-27</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">The real problem</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Is that</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">You don’t </span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">know</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">The real</span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left; text-indent: 36pt;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>problem</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">
</span></b>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Slave Narratives – The
Beginning of Black Literature in English?</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">‘When
I found I had crossed that line (into Philadelphia), I looked at my hands to
see if I was the same person. There was such a glory over everything. I felt
like I was in Heaven.’</span></i><i> </i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">- Harriet Tubman, abolitionist/escaped
slave</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; tab-stops: right dotted 432.0pt; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">‘It
is with no pleasure that I have dipped my hands in the corruption here exposed.
Somebody must show that the Afro-American race is more sinned against than
sinning, and it seems to have fallen upon me to do so.’</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> – </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/obituaries/overlooked-ida-b-wells.html"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Investigative journalist Ida B. Wells</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> (1862-1931) in the
introduction to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Southern Horrors</i> (1892)</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; tab-stops: right dotted 432.0pt; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjsnApvK-chtXYCkppeRBENzxXmpM2vHtb4A-WJ1qfO5xCilwB6Iz9jz2V2gB9edMsN80BHqzFcblk7uw2jCOI0DbVttW3O6uy5xCnddNE6gDhwtLQBEMfGLCGyiOxQgzPF2Y-T4B0dUmGL07IDcptVOQn59tM0HR7-VYxGIhIeJJVPRY_ahMbC6BcwQw=s356" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="287" data-original-width="356" height="323" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjsnApvK-chtXYCkppeRBENzxXmpM2vHtb4A-WJ1qfO5xCilwB6Iz9jz2V2gB9edMsN80BHqzFcblk7uw2jCOI0DbVttW3O6uy5xCnddNE6gDhwtLQBEMfGLCGyiOxQgzPF2Y-T4B0dUmGL07IDcptVOQn59tM0HR7-VYxGIhIeJJVPRY_ahMbC6BcwQw=w400-h323" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; tab-stops: 303.0pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Activist/scholar Angela Davis delivering
an Eric E. Williams Memorial Lecture </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">titled ‘Slavery and the Prison Industrial
Complex’ (</span></b><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCP1V_1OlGaTqrqgRWSyh2Ow"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Florida
International University</span></b></a></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">)</span></b></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; tab-stops: 303.0pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></b></p></td></tr></tbody></table><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">The
legendary Frederick Douglass was a mixed-race slave who dreamt of freedom as a
child and was lucky to get a basic education at a young age (Slaves were barred
from formal education, which was why they developed a dialect that can,
arguably, be compared to modern-day ‘Ebonics’.) He would later strive to
improve his education in various ways, including through interaction with White
boys his age. When he finally escaped from the slave farms into the urban areas
(where slavery was rare), he become a fierce abolitionist, a Black leader, and
an author. His writings rank as some of the pioneering English literature of
the Black race. </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.5pt;">From </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Outline of American Literature</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> by Kathryn VanSpankeren: <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></p><blockquote>The most
famous black American anti-slavery leader and orator of the era, Frederick
Douglass, was born a slave on a Maryland plantation…Escaping to Massachusetts
in 1838, at age 21, Douglass was helped by abolitionist editor William Lloyd
Garrison and began to lecture for anti-slavery societies. In 1845, he published
his <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Narrative of the</i> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Life of Frederick Douglass, An American
Slave</i>…the best and most popular of many ‘slave narratives’. </blockquote><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Unlike many texts on American
lit, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Outline of American Literature </i>profiles
many of the pioneering Ethnic/Black/Asian men and women of letters in the USA.
Here’s a passage on a pioneering female scribe: <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></p><blockquote style="text-align: left;">Harriet
Wilson (1807 – 1870) was the first African-American to publish a novel in the
United States – <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Our Nig; or, Sketches
From the Life of a Free Black, in a two-storey house, North, showing that
Slavery’s Shadow Falls Even There</i> (1859). The novel realistically
dramatises the relationship between a white woman and a black man, and also
depicts the difficult life of a black civil servant in a wealthy Christian
household. </blockquote><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Another great female writer
highlighted in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Outline of American
Literature </i>is Zora Neale Hurston whose book, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Their Eyes Were Watching God,</i> it describes as, ‘a moving, fresh
depiction of a beautiful mullato woman’s maturation and renewed happiness as
she moves through three marriages.’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span> <br /></span></p>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiacdFqFTxCGYkK1Cfho1CkRUO3QaYByA3X-QaD4x8SHtDNpKGMWrmwqzv70j8HiXYiqiSUALEZCVfiwVVAV2kIj4kTDkL1yZ6Mu0lHYsl7Ia_2fzTQFAO99yZANknqMmLdnhVQaJRdmMC2gfsoXM94FsjIS0RBXbdcTVPFEaCQ07rBW7jy7fr4fst9Nw=s476" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="285" data-original-width="476" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiacdFqFTxCGYkK1Cfho1CkRUO3QaYByA3X-QaD4x8SHtDNpKGMWrmwqzv70j8HiXYiqiSUALEZCVfiwVVAV2kIj4kTDkL1yZ6Mu0lHYsl7Ia_2fzTQFAO99yZANknqMmLdnhVQaJRdmMC2gfsoXM94FsjIS0RBXbdcTVPFEaCQ07rBW7jy7fr4fst9Nw=w400-h240" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">JESUS, TAKE THE WHEEL: A screengrab
from the movie version of </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Their
Eyes Were Watching God</span></i></b></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> Their
Eyes Were Watching God </span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">has
been filmed, starring Oscar winner Halle Berry (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Introducing Dorothy Dandridge</i>) and featuring Terrence Howard (FOX
TV’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Empire</i>). Some snippets from the
original book version:</span>
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></p><blockquote> When she ran
off with her good-time fella, she was laughing just like you! But he was only
after what he could get. Stole her car, stole her money. After that, he was
gone, like a turkey through the corn.</blockquote><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> And</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></p><blockquote>It is so easy to be
hopeful in the daytime when you can see the things you wish on. But it was
night, it stayed night. Night was standing across nothingness with the whole
world in his hands…they sat in the company of each other in the shanties
straining against cruel walls and their souls asking if He meant to measure
their puny might against His. They seemed to be staring in the dark but their
eyes were watching God.</blockquote><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> Zora Neale Hurston (1903 –
1960) was also the author of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Tell My
Horse</i> and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Mules and Men</i>.
Folkorist Alan Lomax described the latter as, ‘the most engaging, genuine,
skilfully written book in the field of folklore.’ Below is one of Zora’s
most-referenced quotes: </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></b></p><blockquote><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Frequently the Negro,
even with detached words in his vocabulary--not evolved in him but transplanted
on his tongue by contact--must add action to make it do so…Action. Everything
illustrated. So we can say the white man thinks in a written language and the
Negro thinks in hieroglyphics.</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> (‘Characteristics of Negro Expression’, essay)<a href="#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a></span></blockquote><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><a href="#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></span></span></span></a></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Many of the ‘Slave
Narratives’, including the compelling work of Frederick Douglass and the
haunting confessions of Nat Turner, are now available as audio books on YouTube
and other online audio outlets. <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">From a PBS TV (USA) </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.pbs.org/wnet/jimcrow/stories_people_dubois.html"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">bio of W.E.B Du Bois</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">: <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1 dotted;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></p><blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">William
Edward Burghardt “W. E. B.” Du Bois (February 23, 1868 - August 27, 1963) was
an American sociologist, historian, civil rights activist, Pan-Africanist,
author and editor. W.E.B. Du Bois was born during the term of President Andrew
Johnson and died the year that Lyndon Johnson became president. <br /></span></p>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjHgian6ETWnrXhOTMiI9VElvB2z0um-B-SXi1cF1LMoDvkPYRVkQ07G9ETwvE-7ATtqqeyb7tWBPl5i1Npktcjz9vJNT2S6-d6sZBkmJD7WajtKkJCcLvQdJgjvl5cdzl9Tshh2yi7MnhMshGCPV-D9NO1bGt820Ze57fffcBCBOmalnX4U9eA0mVP1g=s236" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="236" data-original-width="181" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjHgian6ETWnrXhOTMiI9VElvB2z0um-B-SXi1cF1LMoDvkPYRVkQ07G9ETwvE-7ATtqqeyb7tWBPl5i1Npktcjz9vJNT2S6-d6sZBkmJD7WajtKkJCcLvQdJgjvl5cdzl9Tshh2yi7MnhMshGCPV-D9NO1bGt820Ze57fffcBCBOmalnX4U9eA0mVP1g=w307-h400" width="307" /></a></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Originally from Great Barrington,
Massachusetts, Du Bois grew up in a relatively tolerant and integrated
community. William Du Bois's paternal great-grandfather was an ethnic
French-American, James Du Bois of Poughkeepsie, New York, who fathered several
children with slave mistresses. After completing graduate work at the
University of Berlin and Harvard, where he was the first </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://theafricachannel.com/american-african-can-an-african-american-identify-as-african/"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">African American</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"> to earn a
Ph.D, W. E. B. Du Bois became a professor of history, sociology and economics
at Atlanta University. Du Bois was one of the co-founders of the National
Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909. <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Du Bois was a prolific
author. His collection of essays, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
Souls of Black Folk</i>, was a seminal work in African-American literature; and
his 1935 magnum opus <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Black Reconstruction
in America</i> challenged the prevailing orthodoxy that blacks were responsible
for the failures of the Reconstruction Era. He wrote the first scientific
treatise in the field of sociology; and he published three autobiographies,
each of which contains insightful essays on sociology, politics and history. In
his role as editor of the NAACP's journal <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
Crisis</i>, he published many influential pieces. <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">In 1903, in his famous
book <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Souls of Black Folk</i>, Du Bois
charged that Washington's strategy kept the black man down rather than freed
him. This attack crystallized the opposition to Booker T. Washington among many
black intellectuals, polarizing the leaders of the black community into two
wings -- the ‘conservative’ supporters of Washington and his ‘radical’ critics.</span></p></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> W.E.B. DuBois in 1935: </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></p><blockquote> Negroes must know the history of the
Negro race in America, and this they will seldom get in white institutions.
Their children ought to study textbooks like Brawley's ‘Short History,’ the
first edition of Woodson's ‘Negro in Our History,’ and Cromwell, Turner, and
Dykes' ‘Readings from Negro Authors.’ Negroes who celebrate the birthdays of
Washington and Lincoln, and relatively unimportant ‘founders’ of various Negro
colleges, ought not to forget the 5th of March,—that first national holiday of
this country, which commemorates the martyrdom of Crispus Attucks. They ought
to celebrate Negro Health Week and Negro History Week. They ought to study
intelligently and from their own point of view, the slave trade, slavery,
emancipation, Reconstruction and present economic development.</blockquote><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Dr. Tukufu Zuberi, a
world-renowned educator: </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></p><blockquote>So why would
this individual, W. E. B. Du Bois, why would his publication of this particular
book - <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Philadelphia Negro</i> - be
important for high school students? It is important for high school students
because it offers a challenge to them to not only figure out their environment
but to figure out how they might engage that environment <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">to produce a better world</b>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></blockquote><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> From Alice Walker’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Temple of My Familiar</i>: </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></p><blockquote>I was talking to an
African scholar one time, a man from one of these big schools. He was real
skinny and black and straight, and he wore that little African-style hat that's
just like an American soldier's, only in bright colours, and he was all right,
I guess, but he had lifeless eyes, and I almost shivered while he was talking
to me. It was like he was a well-educated, smooth-talking zombie, and he had
sort of jerky movements, too. So anyway, he got to talking about how much of a
cliché it was when black people here claimed their ancestors were sold into
slavery by an uncle. He kinda chuckled when he said it and leaned back in his
chair. I didn't say anything to him, 'cause he'd already decided that the
truth, if told a number of times, can be dismissed as unbelievable, and I have
lived enough times to have seen this happen a lot. Some folks actually think
the truth can be worn out. But anyway, it was my uncle who sold me. It was the
uncle who sold a lot of women and their children, and it's easy enough to
understand why this is so. It was the African organization of family life. </blockquote><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> In 1965, American authors James Baldwin (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Tell Me How Long the Train’s Been Gone</i><a href="#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a>)
and William F. Buckley (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">God and Man at
Yale</i>) engaged in a historical debate themed, ‘</span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oFeoS41xe7wHas"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Has
the American Dream Been Achieved at the Expense of the American Negro?</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">’
The famed encounter took place at the University of Cambridge, in the UK.
Baldwin was by then a world-renowned Black author, essayist and civil rights
fighter (Incidentally, he had appeared on the cover of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Time</i> magazine alongside Martin Luther King Jr. just prior to the
debate.) Buckley was the editor of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">National
Review</i>, and a political conservative. Some jabs from both debaters:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"></span></b></p><blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Buckley:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> Mr. Baldwin, I am going to speak to you tonight without any of the
surrounding protections that come by virtue of the fact that you are a Negro. <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Baldwin:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> When I was growing up, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">I was
taught in American history books, that Africa had no history, and neither did
I.</b> That I was a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">savage</i> about whom
the less said, the better, who had been saved by Europe and brought to America.
And, of course, I believed it. I didn’t have much choice. Those were the only
books there were. Everyone else seemed to agree. <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Buckley:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> The fact that your skin is black is awfully irrelevant to the argument
that you raise. Thus, Mr. Baldwin can write his book, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Fire Next Time</i>, in which he threatens America. He didn’t, in
writing that book, speak with the British accent that he used exclusively
tonight; in which he threatened America with a necessity for us to jettison our
entire civilization. The only thing that the white man has that the Negro
should want, he said, is power. <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Baldwin:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> This is not an overstatement. I picked the cotton and I carried it to
market and I built the railroads under someone else’s whip. For nothing. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">For nothing</i>. The Southern oligarchy
which until today has so much power in Washington was created by my labour and
my sweat and the violation of my women and the murder of my children. This in
the land of the free, the home of the brave.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <br /></span></p></blockquote>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">The
full (black and white) video of the debate can be viewed here: </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oFeoS41xe7wHas"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oFeoS41xe7wHas</span></a> <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.5pt;">Novelist Harper Lee (a Caucasian) was born in
Monroeville on April 28, 1926, the youngest of five children. Drawing on her
own childhood experiences in Monroeville, Harper wrote a compelling novel
revolving around three children - Scout Finch; her older brother, Jem; and
their friend, Dill - and a variety of other townspeople who become involved in
the court case of Tom Robinson, a Black man accused of rape in the
Depression-era town of Maycomb, Alabama. Titled <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">To Kill a Mockingbird</i>, the novel was published in July 1960 and
became an immediate best-seller. It scooped the coveted Pulitzer Prize and was
turned into a gripping feature film in 1962. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Gregory Peck, who played a White lawyer
defending the accused Black man in the movie, won an Oscar (Best Actor) for his
role. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In an interview published in 1964,
Harper Lee told critic Roy Newquist: <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></p><blockquote>I never
expected any sort of success with ‘Mockingbird’. I didn't expect the book to
sell in the first place. I was hoping for a quick and merciful death at the
hands of reviewers, but at the same time I sort of hoped that maybe someone
would like it enough to give me encouragement. Public encouragement. I hoped
for a little, as I said, but I got rather a whole lot, and in some ways this
was just about as frightening as the quick, merciful death I'd expected.</blockquote><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhS8zXzzRIm1PtfjAvW7caZ18qeQsw5HhH8J2s2LT9KKuc6n6_mVYATx3f8UmH_XNYUVwQsflDBxy2Tu5ShkAwW4pJerfQeGcO0EhJXwcKsrp6xkKj0r6qj1sdZRroVhM9r-MJP0auRcCAuZgyF29puTnPdiTAD767f1ZGhaJxg3C1RYXPX-n64Y4c2GQ=s456" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="420" data-original-width="456" height="369" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhS8zXzzRIm1PtfjAvW7caZ18qeQsw5HhH8J2s2LT9KKuc6n6_mVYATx3f8UmH_XNYUVwQsflDBxy2Tu5ShkAwW4pJerfQeGcO0EhJXwcKsrp6xkKj0r6qj1sdZRroVhM9r-MJP0auRcCAuZgyF29puTnPdiTAD767f1ZGhaJxg3C1RYXPX-n64Y4c2GQ=w400-h369" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; tab-stops: right dotted 432.0pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">A scene from the film version
of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">To Kill a Mockingbird</i></span></b></p></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Filmmaker, and Howard University (USA) professor, Haile
Gerima, talking about the current state of Black popular culture:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"></span></p><blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> Who owns the intellectual product of Black
imagination is going to be a 21st Century issue. Jazz is great but who owns it?
Blues is great but who owns it? And then, if this is not capital, no wonder I
can’t make my own movies. Who owns the capital?...If Black people have produced
so much cultural wealth in - leave sport out - in jazz, in blues, in gospel, in
American music that goes all over the world - how come they don’t have a cent of
that capital?...How come they can’t finance their own movie? Why are they still
poor? To me, if I only owned Billie Holiday’s music, I would make 20,000
movies. I’m sorry!</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Who owns the intellectual product of Black people?
Intellectual, literature. Even now, Black publishers, for example. You talk
about Black arts, etcetera...There’s only like three or four Black publishers
in literature: Third World Press, Red Sea Press, Black Classics...Yeah. Who
owns the writing, who re-issues it and why are most of the Black intellectual
products and books out of print?</span></p>
</blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">One Black publisher who <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">did</i> gain success was John H. Johnson, founder
of Johnson Publishing company (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ebony </i>magazine,
et al) and the 1<sup>st</sup> Black man to appear in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Forbes’</i> 400 Rich List. But it was no walk in the park: </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></p><blockquote>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"> I was born in
poverty.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I spent two years in the
welfare rolls. I learnt early that I had to communicate or die and so I talked
my way out of poverty. I communicated my way to the top. I’m a hands-on,
hands-in, hands-wrapped-around manager, and I believe it is impossible to
separate good management from good communication. For the best manager is the
best communicator.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">In his autobiography, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Succeeding Against the Odds</i>, he talked
about his business dealings with White folk:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></p><blockquote> Whenever I go
in (to make a pitch), I never say, ‘Help me because I’m Black’, or ‘Help me
because I am a minority.’ I always talk about what <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">we</i> can do for <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">them</i>. </blockquote><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> At the time of
his death, in 2005, his estimated net worth was USD $600 million.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg__TyArwNDSLRkY9sfEQoF7Kh3RT4ZP8TUReZGmc5VIuVumFvQgyhlylFuHNKv4ZFF4x5KG50fpz8q2kYdEW9qJmvygznwHhahvEhj0Re0Q-sypZ_TULd36KUh_w3weVOqq-N7zr3DoKBGiUp0BFMWO_VAKZNmn4vBjLh8wupoaxVxqgr7jMXrAW84YA=s460" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="321" data-original-width="460" height="279" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg__TyArwNDSLRkY9sfEQoF7Kh3RT4ZP8TUReZGmc5VIuVumFvQgyhlylFuHNKv4ZFF4x5KG50fpz8q2kYdEW9qJmvygznwHhahvEhj0Re0Q-sypZ_TULd36KUh_w3weVOqq-N7zr3DoKBGiUp0BFMWO_VAKZNmn4vBjLh8wupoaxVxqgr7jMXrAW84YA=w400-h279" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;">Publisher John H. Johnson and his famous memoir</span></b></td></tr></tbody></table></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">According to </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Outline of
American Literature</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">
by Kathryn VanSpankeren, </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">African-Americans have
contributed substantively to the American </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">canon:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></p><blockquote>Contemporary
black Americans have produced many poems of great beauty and considerable range
of themes and tones. It is the most developed ethnic writing in America and is
extremely diverse. Amiri Baraka (1934 - ), the best-known African-American
poet, has also written plays and taken an active interest in politics. Maya
Angelou’s (1928 - ) writings have taken various literary forms, including drama
and her well-known memoir, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">I Know Why the
Caged Bird Sings</i> (1970), in addition to her collection of verse, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Just Give Me a Cool Drink of Water Before I
Diiie</i> (1971). Angelou was selected to write a poem for the inauguration of
President Bill Clinton in 1993…<br /></blockquote><p></p><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background: rgb(191, 191, 191) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; text-align: left;">
<tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 487.8pt;" valign="top" width="650">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">AUTHOR QUOTES ON RACE</span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 487.8pt;" valign="top" width="650">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgn4YiCwXePwLdS08IlDcTcWwXddZp77_HOS6XMtAM3QyeU90iZ0qMLff6Jct3V2T8ev05JFU5JF1KthjYhLw-OQDUiZ1JbjmiC7E-qPptnDGlpBGkyXVmDeHNbsD3KrsuRxXj-vsHYFlC78Ymx5M_aadGvdnjks4BUVfLvlgL0TnZHLuhpFbr0mN0H6Q=s327" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="237" data-original-width="327" height="290" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgn4YiCwXePwLdS08IlDcTcWwXddZp77_HOS6XMtAM3QyeU90iZ0qMLff6Jct3V2T8ev05JFU5JF1KthjYhLw-OQDUiZ1JbjmiC7E-qPptnDGlpBGkyXVmDeHNbsD3KrsuRxXj-vsHYFlC78Ymx5M_aadGvdnjks4BUVfLvlgL0TnZHLuhpFbr0mN0H6Q=w400-h290" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">WRITING BY ANY MEANS
NECESSARY: Baldwin at work</span></b></p></td></tr></tbody></table> <span style="color: grey; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span><span style="color: #595959; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Photo:
Bettmann (CORBIS)</span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">‘If one could accept the
fact that it is no longer important to be White, it would begin to cease to
be important to be Black.’ –James Baldwin, African-American novelist and
essayist <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; tab-stops: right dotted 432.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">‘I would have been a writer
anywhere. But in my country, writing meant confronting racism.’ -<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Nadine Gordimer, South African Nobel
Literature Prize winner, in an interview in 1990 <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; tab-stops: right dotted 432.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">‘Racism is taught in our
society, it is not automatic. It is learned behaviour toward persons with
dissimilar physical characteristics.’ – Alex Haley, author of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Roots</i> <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">‘The challenges of being black and working-class in
America – my characters didn’t understand that and I didn’t either.’ - Imbolo
Mbue, author of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Behold the Dreamers</i> <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">‘People think that if you don't write in English, you
don't write.’ - Nawal El Saadawi, controversial Egyptian author <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; tab-stops: 303.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">‘History shows that it does
not matter who is in power... those who have not learned to do for themselves
and have to depend solely on others never obtain any more rights or
privileges in the end than they did in the beginning.’ – From <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Mis-Education of the Negro</i> by Dr.
Carter G. Woodson (1933) <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; tab-stops: 303.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">‘Who or what are the beings
that can tolerate slave ships, whether on sea or land, and cause humans to
endure being “packed like sardines” on their way to forced labour?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Meditating on this question is scary but
must be done.’ - Alice Walker, author of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
Color Purple</i> <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; tab-stops: 303.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">‘They're certainly titled to
think that, and they're entitled to full respect for their opinions... but
before I can live with other folks I've got to live with myself. The one
thing that doesn't abide by majority rule is a person's conscience.’ – From
Harper Lee’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">To Kill a Mockingbird</i> <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; tab-stops: 303.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">‘Literary fiction is under threat in this country due to a
combination of factors – reluctance by major houses to take risks; a
bottleneck in the distribution chain (and) diverse voices being ignored by a
predominantly white, middle-class industry.’ – Literary agent Jonny Geller of
Curtis Brown <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">‘The capital and complex imagination of black people has
always been banned, unless it is supportive in the service of the privileged
body’s desire to view itself as superior.’ - Rachel Eliza Griffiths <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; tab-stops: 303.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">‘I think Langston Hughes’ poem about looking for a house
in the world where white shadows do not fall is such a poignant one
especially for Black people – and for Black performers – because you find
that you are always having to operate within the context of White society and
its dictates. And it would be nice to think that there may be an arena where
your talents would be viewed without that that kind of overlay.’ – Petrine
Archer-Straw, author of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Negrophilia</i> <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">‘James Baldwin said, “I am only Black because you said you
were White.” ’ – Amiri Baraka <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">‘Sometimes, I
feel discriminated against, but it does not make me angry. It merely
astonishes me. How can any deny themselves the pleasure of my company? It's
beyond me.’ </span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">―
Zora Neale Hurston, novelist/folklorist <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">‘Hate. It has caused a lot of problems in the world but
has not solved one yet.’ – Maya Angelou <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">‘With black friends, in contrast to politically correct
white guys, I establish real contact. How? Through dirty stories, dirty
jokes. When you visit a foreign country, you play PC games about your
interesting food or music, but how do you become really friendly? You
exchange a small obscenity.’ - Slavoj Žižek, controversial philosopher and
writer<a href="#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a> <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">‘Prisons do not disappear problems, they disappear human
beings. And the practice of disappearing vast numbers of people from poor,
immigrant and racially marginalised communities has literally become big
business.’ - Prof. Angela Davis, Chair of Women’s Studies, University of
California, Santa Cruz (in an article titled <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Masked Racism: The Prison Industrial Complex</i>) <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">‘You go to school, you study about the Germans and the
French, but not your own race. I hope the time will come when you study Black
history too.’ – Booker T. Washington <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; tab-stops: 303.0pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">‘If we want to turn Africa
into a new Europe, then let us leave the destiny of our countries to
Europeans. They will know how to do it better than the most gifted among us.’
- Frantz Fanon, author (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Wretched of
the Earth</i>) and Pan-Africanist <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">‘The African Empire will not be a Utopia. Neither will it
be dangerous or fail to serve our interest because we realize that, like the
leopard, we cannot change our skins.’ - Marcus Garvey, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Philosophy and Opinions of Marcus Garvey</i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> </span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Besides their contribution
to literature, African-Americans are credited with having influenced, if not
invented, various American-born art forms such as jazz, rock, soul, and hip-hop
music (aka rap/emcee-ing). In 1970, iconic British rock star and social
activist, John Lennon (The Beatles), said this about Black-American rock music
pioneer, Chuck Berry:<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"></span></p><blockquote>Chuck Berry is one of the
all-time great poets, a rock poet you could call him. He was well-advanced of
his time, lyric-wise. In the Fifties when people were virtually singing about
nothing, Chuck Berry was writing social-comment songs, with incredible meter to
the lyrics. We all owe a lot to him. </blockquote><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> On American TV’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Mike Douglas Show</i> (in 1972), Lennon
uttered the immortal words: <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">If you had to give Rock n’ Roll another name, you
might call it Chuck Berry</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">. <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Chuck Berry’s numerous
guitar-driven hit songs include <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Johnny B.
Goode, Roll Over Beethoven, Maybelline, No Particular Place to Go, You Can’t
Catch Me </i>and<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> Rock and Roll Music</i>.
His early records were the templates for many of the rock acts now said to be
some the greatest of all time. Acts that performed cover versions of Berry’s
songs include The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, The Altman Brothers, AC/DC, and
Bruce Springstein. In one of the early space probes of America’s National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), they decided to equip a satellite
exploring the solar system with some information that might be of use to
intelligent life out there, should the probe fall into such hands. Among the
things they placed in the voyager spacecraft was a plaque with a sketch of a
naked human male and human female, a diagram of the solar system indicating the
position of planet Earth…and a recording of the music of Chuck Berry. (A more
recent voyage, testing the integrity of audio signals beamed from space to
Earth, employed the music of African-American rapper/producer will.i.am who is
best known for being a member of The Black Eyed Peas.<a href="#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[7]</span></span></span></span></a>)
After Chuck Berry’s death in 2017, US novelist </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/OfficialStephenKing/posts/915891481883768"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Stephen King posted the following message</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> on his social media accounts: <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"></span></p><blockquote><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Chuck Berry died. This
breaks my heart, but 90 years old ain't bad for rock and roll. Johnny B. Goode
forever.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“The Coolerator was crammed
with TV dinners and ginger ale.” Can't beat that line!</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(March 19, 2016)</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;"> <br /></span></blockquote><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">In the Carribean Islands
and South America, the descendants of African slaves are credited with
creating/innovating numerous musical genres (Rocksteady, Bluebeat, Mento,
Calypso, Reggae, inter alia) and dance styles like Capoeira and break-dance
(aka b-boying). Their contribution to world culture is, therefore, immense.
Take Hip-Hop, for example. Invented by Black artists (poets, rappers, graffiti
writers, DJs, dancers etc) in New York City in the mid 1970’s, it has now
spread to all corners of the world and taken the music business by storm. The
first world rap tour was dubbed ‘Planet Rock World Tour’ and was steered by a
stern-faced African-American </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">pioneering rapper </span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">known as ‘</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Afrika Bambaataa.’
Here is a snippet from a talk by KRS-One, a rapper and Hip-Hop activist,
speaking at the California State University, Los Angeles</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">: <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"></span></p><blockquote>Afrika
Bambaataa is a writer, journalist. Matter of fact, the reason he was in Africa
was because he won a UNICEF writing contest. Gang member. Head of the biggest
gang in New York! Took up a writing contest and won it! These people (DJ Cool
Herc and Afrika Bambaataa) are amazing people! Won a writing contest, went to
Africa, had an epiphany, came back and now he's ‘Afrika Bambaataa’. But he's a
writer that could never think of getting a job at the <i>New York Times, Wall
Street Journal</i> - none of that. He couldn’t think of Hollywood writing. He
couldn't imagine himself there (due to the race issues of the 1960’s and
’70’s). He became a DJ and a community organizer.<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"></span><br /><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"></span></blockquote><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Return to My Native
Land</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> by Aimé Césaire is one of the most influential poetic works in all of
Black literature, so much so that the author is credited with helping to ‘establish
the literary and ideological movement (called) Negritude.’ Born in 1913 in the
French Caribbean, Aimé Césaire was a poet, playwright and politician but is
best known for this much-studied lyrical masterpiece. Excerpt from a review by Roger
Cardinal, on </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://archipelagobooks.org/book/return-to-my-native-land/"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">ArchipelagoBooks.org</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">: <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"></span></p><blockquote>A work of
immense cultural significance and beauty, this long poem became an anthem for
the African diaspora and the birth of the Negritude movement. With unusual
juxtapositions of object and metaphor, a bouquet of language-play, and deeply
resonant rhythms, Césaire considered this work a ‘break into the forbidden,’ at
once a cry of rebellion and a celebration of black identity.<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> <br /></span></blockquote><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"></span></p><blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">It was in
April 1941, while passing through Martinique on his wartime journey to New
York, that André Breton chanced on a long poem, ‘Cahier d’un retour au pays
natal’, freshly printed in the magazine Tropiques. He at once declared it a
masterpiece and the work of ‘a great black poet’. Its author was a young
Caribbean writer, Aimé Césaire, and the native land of its title was
Martinique, to which the author had returned after a long stay as a student in
Paris. Composed in 1939, his poem would circulate in various forms until a
definitive edition was issued by <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Présence
Africaine</i> in Paris in 1956. An explosive critique of French colonialism, it
had become a central text of the Negritude movement... <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Césaire’s
poetry makes for difficult reading. Its headlong progression is accretive and
associative, full of repeated phrases and unsettling detours. Its ruling device
is the surrealist image, in which words clash and flare, to create tantalizing
moments of revelation, paradoxically offering meaning while undermining
coherence. The text spills forth in searing details and tableaux, ranging from
the whispered evocation of ‘a little line of sand’ to the description of a
poverty-stricken black man on a bus, whose decrepit state inspires in the poet
disgust and shame, which swiftly modulate into anger...</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> <br /></span></p></blockquote>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Excerpt from another review, on </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://www.enotes.com/topics/return-my-native-land"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Enotes.com</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">: <br /></span></p><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"></span><blockquote><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Although the
central thematic concern of the poem is the importance for the person who lives
as the subject of a colonized land to decolonize his or her own mind and
sensibility, one of the central paradoxes of the poem is that it is written in
French, the language of the colonialists, not in the native Creole of the
Martinican population. Indeed, in their brief introduction to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Aimé Césaire: The Collected Poetry (</i>1983),
Clayton Eshleman and Annette Smith point out the paradox that Césaire, the
spokesperson for decolonizing the mind, who was later to become mayor of
Fort-de-France, the city on which he focuses in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Return to My Native Land</i>, apparently never thought of Creole as a
suitable language for his poetry.</span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Further, the
traditions from which the poem seems to borrow are largely the traditions of
French literature. Not only does the poem’s rush of bizarre and often grotesque
images seem to place it in the context of French Surrealist literature, but, as
Eshleman and Smith also note, the images of hardship and misery seem to owe
much to such images in the works of Victor Hugo, the great French novelist of
the nineteenth century, whose works Césaire read as he was growing up...</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> <br /></span></p></blockquote>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background: rgb(191, 191, 191) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; text-align: left;">
<tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 487.8pt;" valign="top" width="650">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">‘THE
REVOLUTION WILL NOT BE TELEVISED’<a href="#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[8]</span></b></span></span></span></a></span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">A famous poem/song by Gil
Scott-Heron<a href="#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[9]</span></span></span></span></a>
(USA)</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 487.8pt;" valign="top" width="650">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjuw7XNA_WIxLEupmL6DqV1zTnyzoosvIQ3hX1pERg6BPDoYlTNqJMKn6Kgx6APP6eI8Ob0YSebY_sP_0_nw2EhyCIoM2Gaj5VaYfO20EtjilBlPECSYWhkxe9qJv_DgiCajfi5vFG9zLrKYM5ZLXfSNO4bqEQm3Pbgo-92dBRw-1AYVYrVo6FDIXtaBg=s196" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="170" data-original-width="196" height="170" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjuw7XNA_WIxLEupmL6DqV1zTnyzoosvIQ3hX1pERg6BPDoYlTNqJMKn6Kgx6APP6eI8Ob0YSebY_sP_0_nw2EhyCIoM2Gaj5VaYfO20EtjilBlPECSYWhkxe9qJv_DgiCajfi5vFG9zLrKYM5ZLXfSNO4bqEQm3Pbgo-92dBRw-1AYVYrVo6FDIXtaBg" width="196" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">You
will not be able to stay home, brother</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">You
will not be able to plug in, turn on and cop out</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">You
will not be able to lose yourself on skag and</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Skip
out for beer during commercials</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Because
the revolution will not be televised</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> </span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">The
revolution will not be televised</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">The
revolution will not be brought to you by Xerox</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">In
4 parts without commercial interruptions</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">The
revolution will not show you pictures of Nixon</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Blowing
a bugle and leading a charge by John</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Mitchell,
General Abrams and Spiro Agnew to eat</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Hog
maws confiscated from a Harlem sanctuary</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">The
revolution will not be televised</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> </span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">The
revolution will not be brought to you by the</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Schaefer
Award Theatre and will not star Natalie</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Wood
and Steve McQueen or Bullwinkle and Julia</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">The
revolution will not give your mouth sex appeal</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">The
revolution will not get rid of the nubs</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">The
revolution will not make you look five pounds thinner</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Because
the revolution will not be televised, Brother</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> </span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">There
will be no pictures of you and Willie Mays</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Pushing
that shopping cart down the block on the dead run</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Or
trying to slide that colour television into a stolen ambulance</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">NBC
will not be able predict the winner at 8:32</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Or
report from 29 districts</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">The
revolution will not be televised</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> </span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">There
will be no pictures of pigs shooting down</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Brothers
in the instant replay</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">There
will be no pictures of pigs shooting down</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Brothers
in the instant replay</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">There
will be no pictures of Whitney Young being</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Run
out of Harlem on a rail with a brand new process</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">There
will be no slow motion or still life of Roy</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Wilkins
strolling through Watts in a Red, Black and</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Green
liberation jumpsuit that he had been saving</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">For
just the proper occasion</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> </span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Green
Acres, The Beverly Hillbillies, and Hooterville</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Junction
will no longer be so Goddamn relevant, and</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Women
will not care if Dick finally gets down with</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Jane
on Search for Tomorrow because Black people</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Will
be in the street looking for a brighter day</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">The
revolution will not be televised</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> </span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">There
will be no highlights on the eleven o'clock</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">News
and no pictures of hairy armed women</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Liberationists
and Jackie Onassis blowing her nose</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">The
theme song will not be written by Jim Webb</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Or
Francis Scott Key, nor sung by Glen Campbell, Tom</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Jones,
Johnny Cash, or Englebert Humperdink, or the Rare Earth</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">The
revolution will not be televised</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> </span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">The
revolution will not be right back after a message</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">About
a white tornado, white lightning, or white people</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">You
will not have to worry about a Dove in your</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Bedroom,
a tiger in your tank, or the giant in your toilet bowl</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">The
revolution will not go better with Coke</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">The
revolution will not fight the germs that may cause bad breath</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">The
revolution will put you in the driver's seat</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> </span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">The
revolution will not be televised, will not be televised</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Will
not be televised, will not be televised</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">The
revolution will be no re-run brothers;</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">The
revolution will be live</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Afri-pessimism</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">‘So
geographers in Afric maps</span></i></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">With
savage pictures fill the gaps</span></i></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">And
over uninhabitable downs </span></i></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Place
elephants for want of towns.’</span></i></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">-Jonathan Swift, author of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Gulliver’s Travels</i> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">‘When
a coward sees a man he can beat he becomes hungry for a fight.’ </span></i></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">― From <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">No Longer at Ease</i> by Chinua Achebe</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi88qMj9Amyz-MufXVyaQxPVqqR7aoWCfcrCfM4rUQKlAmZwPdxSh__U1p4e5xjJgHAUsRuaBOq0ZExtQKJVtQW34nRayLN30KojC7kK05rjH2vbIcxp2stOlXfKmm3nvua16njRsspdpz6joDkKZWBDbbqZo74psI37CnOItRrPnxwcT04jK1LpY-Kmw=s421" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="194" data-original-width="421" height="184" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi88qMj9Amyz-MufXVyaQxPVqqR7aoWCfcrCfM4rUQKlAmZwPdxSh__U1p4e5xjJgHAUsRuaBOq0ZExtQKJVtQW34nRayLN30KojC7kK05rjH2vbIcxp2stOlXfKmm3nvua16njRsspdpz6joDkKZWBDbbqZo74psI37CnOItRrPnxwcT04jK1LpY-Kmw=w400-h184" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Hollywood</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">
actor Djimon Hounsou (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Amistad</i>) reads
out Binyavanga’s essay <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">How to Write About
Africa</i></span></b></p></td></tr></tbody></table></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">In his brilliantly articulated satirical essay, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">How to Write About Africa</i>, </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.granta.com/Archive/92/How-to-Write-about-Africa/Discussion/rss.xml"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">published by Granta</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> (2005) and quoted worldwide,
Kenyan author Binyavanga Wainaina took issue with the manner in which some
foreign journalists/writers cover African issues. Binyavanga humorously mocked
the hackneyed technique of discussing Africa
as if it were some ancient jungle running with savages. He opens the piece by
saying:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></p><blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Always
use the word ‘Africa’ or ‘Darkness’ or ‘Safari’ in your title. Subtitles may
include the words ‘Zanzibar’, ‘Masai’, ‘Zulu’, ‘Zambezi’, ‘Congo’, ‘Nile’, ‘Big’,
‘Sky’, ‘Shadow’, ‘Drum’, ‘Sun’ or ‘Bygone’. Also useful are words such as ‘Guerrillas’,
‘Timeless’, ‘Primordial’ and ‘Tribal’. Note that ‘People’ means Africans who
are not black, while ‘The People’ means black Africans.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"> Never
have a picture of a well-adjusted African on the cover of your book, or in it,
unless that African has won the Nobel Prize. An AK-47, prominent ribs, naked
breasts: use these. If you must include an African, make sure you get one in
Masai or Zulu or Dogon dress...</span></p></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> He further postulates that:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></p><blockquote>Among
your characters you must always include The Starving African, who wanders the
refugee camp nearly naked, and waits for the benevolence of the West. Her
children have flies on their eyelids and pot bellies, and her breasts are flat
and empty. She must look utterly helpless. She can have no past, no history;
such diversions ruin the dramatic moment.</blockquote><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> A drop of comedic gold from one of the finest humourists
that ever lived – S. J. Perelman (USA):</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></p><blockquote><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">To
be quite candid, the safari the author celebrates in his title is about as
exciting as a streetcar journey from Upper Darby to Paoli, and his flaura and
fauna suggest the lobby display accompanying a Monogram jungle film.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">White Bimbo, or, Through Dullest Africa With Three Sleepy People</i>,
essay)<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> <a href="#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[10]</span></b></span></span></a></i></span></span></blockquote><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></b></span></span></a></i></span></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> An excerpt from the popular
novel <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Hairdresser of Harare,</i> by
Tendai Huchu (Zimbabwe):</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></p><blockquote>When the rich and famous
need the best hairdresser in Harare, they come to Vimbayi here at Makhamalo’s
Hair and Beauty Salon. Her secret is simple and taught to her by the master
herself. A satisfied client, Mrs Khumalo keeps telling her staff, is one who
walks out of the salon feeling like a white woman…</blockquote><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">The
Hairdresser of Harare </span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">was
nominated for <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Guardian</i>’s ‘Not the
Booker Prize’ in 2011 and voted an <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Observer</i>
Top 10 Contemporary African Book in 2012.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> A quotable quote from<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b>Professor<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b>Njabulo Ndebele of the University of Cape Town, SA:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></p><blockquote>Our
literature ought to seek to move away from an easy preoccupation with
demonstrating the obvious existence of oppression. It exists. The task is to
explore how and why people can survive under such harsh conditions.</blockquote><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">From <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Tram 83</i> by Fiston
Mwanza Mujila (DRC), winner of the Etisalat Prize for African Fiction:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></p><blockquote>We've
already had enough of squalor, poverty, syphilis, and violence in African
literature. Look around us. There are beautiful girls, good-looking men, Brazza
Beer, good music. Doesn't all that inspire you?</blockquote><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> And one from journalist/researcher Zeinab Badawi (UK/Sudan):</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></b></p><blockquote><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">There
has been a way of seeing Africa in terms of poverty and conflict which has
become a kind of shorthand for the continent that still persists today. </b></blockquote><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">The
Far East</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> </span></b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">‘In this country, American
means white. Everybody else has to hyphenate.’</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>-
Toni Morrison, author of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Beloved</i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> </span></b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: white; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;">‘Fiction is the only way I
know a human being can inhabit the mind of another human being.’ </span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: white; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Helvetica;">- Jhumpa Lahiri, US writer</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> </span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">From<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> Outline of American Literature</i> by Kathryn VanSpankeren:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></p><blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"> Like poetry by Chicano
and Hispanic writers, Asian-American poetry is exceedingly varied. Americans of
Japanese, Chinese, and Filipino descent may have lived in the United States for
seven generations, while Americans of Korean, Thai, and Vietnamese heritage are
likely to be fairly recent immigrants. Each group grows out of a distinctive
linguistic, historical, and cultural tradition. Recent developments in
Asian-American literature have included an emphasis on the Pacific Rim studies
and women’s writing. Asian-Americans generally are resisting the orientalizing
racial stereotypes as the ‘exotic’ and ‘good’ minority. Aestheticians are
beginning to compare Asian and Western literary traditions for example
comparing the concepts of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">tao</i> and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">logos</i>.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"> Asian-American poets
have drawn on many sources, from Chinese opera to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">zen</i>, and Asian literary traditions, particularly <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">zen</i>, have inspired numerous non-Asian
poets, as can be seen in the 1991 anthology <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Beneath
a Single Moon: Buddhism in Contemporary American Poetry</i>. Asian-American
poets span a spectrum, from the iconoclastic posture taken by Frank Chin,
co-editor of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Aiiieee!</i> (an early
anthology of Asian-American literature) to the generous use of tradition by
writers such as novelist Maxine Hong Kingston (1940 - ). Janice Mirikatini, a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sansei</i> (third-generation
Japanese-American) evokes Japanese-American history and has edited several
anthologies such as <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Third World Women,
Time to Greez</i> and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Aywmi: Four
Generations of Japanese in America</i>.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"> Chinese-American Cathy Song’s
(1955 - ) lyrical <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Picture Bride </i>(1983)
also dramatizes history through the lives of her family. Many Asian-American
poets explore cultural diversity.</span></p></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> African-American writer and
intellectual Alice Walker (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Color
Purple</i>) on her website </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://alicewalkersgarden.com/2016/06/sharing-thoughts-about-books-that-are-to-me-great/"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">www.alicewalkersgarden.com</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></p><blockquote> I have
recently been sharing thoughts about books that are to me ‘great’ in the sense
of having the power to engage the reader in new ways of imagining, of loving,
acting, and growing. There are books that are great in an even more
extraordinary way: they can sometimes single-handedly shift consciousness so
much that a crime like enslavement of people, sometimes singly, often whole
families, can at last be seen and emotionally felt for what it is.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Uncle
Tom’s Cabin</i> by Harriet Beecher Stowe did this.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Slave narratives like Frederick Douglass’s
did this. I’ve just finished reading two harrowing books out of India that
could have similar impact:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>‘<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">River</i> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Of Flesh and Other Stories: The Prostituted Woman in Indian Short
Fiction’</i>, edited by Ruchira Gupta, and ‘<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Town
Of Love’</i> by Norwegian writer Anne Osby. </blockquote><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhWzlVYowPDQvZarCs6UlaIWQG1W6GGb-Q2LhCJeBnhMMkapuW2KiW8LGSxN0X6X5cwn5MpAUGECA788MwPaIn_zBh7GpsGaue9hXyp8vIZp5zjZV3HNCkPKNRvGKUlAUicswATwZ4vZhBudByyK0Y63kUszUfbNezTMaxrt7yXJXjjyBmWf72S8v9l9A=s292" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="292" data-original-width="190" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhWzlVYowPDQvZarCs6UlaIWQG1W6GGb-Q2LhCJeBnhMMkapuW2KiW8LGSxN0X6X5cwn5MpAUGECA788MwPaIn_zBh7GpsGaue9hXyp8vIZp5zjZV3HNCkPKNRvGKUlAUicswATwZ4vZhBudByyK0Y63kUszUfbNezTMaxrt7yXJXjjyBmWf72S8v9l9A=w260-h400" width="260" /></a></div><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> Peter Joseph<a href="#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[11]</span></span></span></span></a>
in <i>Culture in Decline</i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"> </span>(documentary
series), Episode 2:</span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"></span></p><blockquote>One hundred
and forty-three years after the passing of the Fourth Amendment of the US <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Constitution and sixty years after Article 4
of the UN's Declaration of Universal Rights banned slavery and the slave trade
worldwide, there are today more slaves than at any time in human history -
trafficking about 30 million (people) for various profit schemes.</blockquote><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<div style="text-align: left;"><br clear="all" />
<hr size="1" style="text-align: left;" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><a href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/apr/25/toni-morrison-books-interview-god-help-the-child?CMP=share_btn_fb"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">http://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/apr/25/toni-morrison-books-interview-god-help-the-child?CMP=share_btn_fb</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><a href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif";"> From the documentary film, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">John Henrik Clarke: A Great and Mighty Walk</i></span><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><a href="#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> Source: </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Firing Line</span></i><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">
video. Available at Hoover Library and Archives, Hoover Institution/Stanford
University, USA.</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"> </span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><a href="#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">First
published in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Negro: An Anthology</i> in
Great Britain (1934), three years before Zora’s most famous work, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Their Eyes Were Watching God</i>, was
published. </span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn5" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><a href="#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[5]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">‘Baldwin
is a violent, persuasive writer. He can make you believe in the world he
creates and in the justice of his anger.’ - <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Punch</i></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn6" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><a href="#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[6]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2016/dec/10/slavoj-zizek-we-are-all-basically-evil-egotistical-disgusting?CMP=fb_gu"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2016/dec/10/slavoj-zizek-we-are-all-basically-evil-egotistical-disgusting?CMP=fb_gu</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn7" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><a href="#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[7]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> Interview
with will.i.am on TV’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Graham Norton
Show</i> (UK)</span><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn8" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><a href="#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn8;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[8]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">From
the audio album <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Small Talk At 125th And</i>
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Lenox</i>, featuring Gil Scott-Heron with
Eddie Knowles, Charlie Saunders and David Barnes</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn9" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><a href="#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn9;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[9]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Also
considered a rap music pioneer</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn10" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><a href="#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn10;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[10]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Most of S. J. Perelman</i></span><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn11" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><a href="#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[11]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Filmmaker and
founder of The Zeitgeist Movement </span><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
</div>
</div>
Alexander Nderituhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03967229184207192460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8867540652900306681.post-4129185434628624552022-01-08T11:25:00.001-08:002022-01-08T11:25:12.604-08:00ALEXANDER NDERITU AUDIOBOOK DEAL WITH LA CASE BOOKS<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg5jjp__54lrVGpddBpAUgUf8qSekGrwHZgEM25-DURNrdwWchweeuhvK54ogtjpPUlxegzbOVtg6QmcjAT9kZLeQ3kTUOhdOcMUTVeZksqMRWmGKQCyg152YK7rUjKN1MgXOmHs3XnwITt4jQML6RlD9GNazUZVWJg0_TrzwL5cm7IhDYvAqdRP2hNng=s854" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="854" data-original-width="480" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg5jjp__54lrVGpddBpAUgUf8qSekGrwHZgEM25-DURNrdwWchweeuhvK54ogtjpPUlxegzbOVtg6QmcjAT9kZLeQ3kTUOhdOcMUTVeZksqMRWmGKQCyg152YK7rUjKN1MgXOmHs3XnwITt4jQML6RlD9GNazUZVWJg0_TrzwL5cm7IhDYvAqdRP2hNng=s320" width="180" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi6lHBUVPV-8IsAiE8rFK4zaAXhRr_x-oALkUjkv9Qxlue8Psk5fXOl00-T6v3vvuJPTnHTbQ_DDpo_EEfSnjqqSeTBCchsJ0nLgkDVcfzWDUuD7MCsCdEQdkduyR0sS8rEPf8h4TxwY6Ma7orKqA8L7f8zWmklJETcvSxPqtIfWVZ-OSRo9RqZ2ag17A=s854" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="854" data-original-width="480" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi6lHBUVPV-8IsAiE8rFK4zaAXhRr_x-oALkUjkv9Qxlue8Psk5fXOl00-T6v3vvuJPTnHTbQ_DDpo_EEfSnjqqSeTBCchsJ0nLgkDVcfzWDUuD7MCsCdEQdkduyR0sS8rEPf8h4TxwY6Ma7orKqA8L7f8zWmklJETcvSxPqtIfWVZ-OSRo9RqZ2ag17A=s320" width="180" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">Californian digital publisher LA CASE Books presents a new collaboration with Kenyan writer Alexander Nderitu. The audiobooks WHEN THE WHIRLWIND PASSES and KISS, COMMANDER, PROMISE are now available in 66 countries on Google Play Store.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">‘We are very excited about this new collaboration,’ says Giacomo Brunoro, LA CASE Books' editor-in-chief. ‘I met Alex in Nairobi in 2017 and I love his books and his style of writing. We need new voices, voices like Alex: African literature is very underrated and audiobooks are good way to talk with the world. We look at African literature with enormous interest and expect to publish new titles and even new African authors in the next months.'</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">More info: <a href="https://sugarpulp.it/en/alexander-nderitu">https://sugarpulp.it/en/alexander-nderitu</a>/</div></div><p style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p>Alexander Nderituhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03967229184207192460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8867540652900306681.post-49784924322522840042022-01-05T23:37:00.001-08:002022-01-05T23:37:58.107-08:00Culture Talk - Translating World Literatures<p style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><i>‘Translators are the shadow heroes of literature.’ -</i> Paul Auster<br /> <br /><i>‘I never wanna shame<br />The blood in my veins and bring pain<br />To my sweet grandfather's face<br />In his resting place<br />I made haste to learn and not waste<br />Everything my forefathers earned in tears<br />For my culture’</i><br />- ‘My Culture’ (song) by One Giant Leap ft Maxxi Jazz and Robbie Williams </span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></p><p><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Prolific Somali novelist Nurrudin Farah, speaking at a Kwani
Lit Fest in Nairobi, Kenya:</span>
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></p><blockquote>I
don’t think you think in languages. I write in four languages. I don’t think
you think in languages. You think in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">images</i>.
It’s an image that comes (to your mind).</blockquote><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.5pt;">Ugandan intellectual Prof. Austin Bukenya,
speaking at the AMKA writing forum in Kenya:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></p><blockquote> If you write
in your own language, you are giving it an image. Experiment. Don’t be afraid.
Don’t be afraid to be ground breakers...Write in your mother tongue – or father
tongue...Every language is storehouse of knowledge. With every language that
dies, a culture dies.</blockquote><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">An insight from the non-fiction book <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Positioning: The Battle for Your Brain<a href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[1]</span></b></span></span></span></a>,</i>
by American advertising gurus Al Ries and Jack Trout:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">When
you were a child, you first learnt to speak and then to read. And you learned
to read slowly and laboriously by saying the words out loud as you forced your
mind to connect the written word with the aural sound stored in the brain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p><div style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;">
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">By
comparison, learning to speak requires much less effort than learning to read.
We store sounds directly and then play them back in various combinations as our
mental dexterity improves.</span></p><div style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;">
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></p><div style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;">
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">As
you grow up, you learn to translate written words into the aural language
needed by the brain so rapidly that you are unaware the translation process is
taking place.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></p><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Author Tess Lewis at Translators' Relay:</span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"> Translating
is like copying a painting with a different colour palette. The structural
elements of the text can often be reproduced relatively easily, but capturing
the harmonies and clashes between the subtler shades, tones, and hues is the
hard part.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Uday Shekatkar (India) on the ‘Challenges of Translating
Indigenous African Languages’ (A group discussion on LinkedIN.com): </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">No
translation ever is perfect as every language has its cultural background,
words coined to the requirement. For example Konkani is one of the Indian
languages and has 14 different words used for waste generated from fish. Say
like fish left at sea after fisherman collects marketable stuff (Now I need
full sentence to explain single word), fish market waste, waste after eating
cooked fish, fertilizer made of fish and so on. The historic reference, the
religious reference and as language shifts with the geographical or the
flora/fauna reference so the translation is guaranteed for deviation. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> Noted Ugandan scribe Juliane Okot:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">When
Okot p'Bitek translated his play <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Lawino</i>
into English, he spoke about the challenges of translation. And how the process
was a clipping of wings. English, with its many words, cannot often find the
heart or the expression which we have in our own languages. And so when <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Wapa Lawino</i> was translated into English,
Chinese, French, Russian, Spanish, Swahili, Luganda, Swedish and many other
languages, we have to admit that even though the wings were clipped, the magic
translated. And continues to inspire dialogue, and stimulate intellectual
debate. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB"> <a href="https://theafricanlinguistnetwork.com/"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">The
African Linguist Network</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> is one of the notable organisations offering translation,
editing and voice over services for African languages. Another translation
company is </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.lingua.co.zw"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Lingual Translations Europe</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> which offers translation into
African Languages such as Sotho, Kiswahili, Somali, Hausa, Zulu, Venda, Chewa,
Ndebele and Tonga.<span style="color: #7f7f7f;"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Bestowing an honorary doctorate to Ngũgi wa Thiong’o during
Yale University’s 316th Commencement (in 2017), </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.humanities.uci.edu/SOH/about/press_release_det.php?id=720"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Yale President Peter Salovey said</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"> Author,
playwright, activist, and scholar, you have shown us the power of words to
change the world. You have written in English and in your Kenyan language,
Gikuyu; you have worked in prison cells and in exile; and you have survived
assassination attempts — all to bring attention to the plight of ordinary
people in Kenya and around the world. Brave wordsmith, for breaking down
barriers, for showing us the potential of literature to incite change and promote
justice, for helping us decolonize our minds and open them to new ideas, we are
privileged to award you this degree of Doctor of Letters.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiS2SSttz9s8DBLjF42kGNmCR9q5DtB0KvbuYyQc5JTURpK2W79LoqThTL2l3ZdcfvsCeZ-TtQNYSJ_SYL8EmbEYBgTr1jZgLYgWk2LAQtdszpRopLYNu5Kz9tJuUQePpewV-EpMFZSg8UdclBzdjAhoO2p-AA7pK426L2_3P0R_AyZcB5kAoaHSt8Ziw=s435" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="290" data-original-width="435" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiS2SSttz9s8DBLjF42kGNmCR9q5DtB0KvbuYyQc5JTURpK2W79LoqThTL2l3ZdcfvsCeZ-TtQNYSJ_SYL8EmbEYBgTr1jZgLYgWk2LAQtdszpRopLYNu5Kz9tJuUQePpewV-EpMFZSg8UdclBzdjAhoO2p-AA7pK426L2_3P0R_AyZcB5kAoaHSt8Ziw=w400-h266" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Prof. Ngũgi wa Thiong’o receives his 12th honorary degree<br />(Yale University, 22 May 2017)</i></td></tr></tbody></table></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">A Distinguished Professor of comparative literature and
English at the University of California, Irvine, Ngũgi wa Thiong’o was one of
eight recipients conferred the honorary degrees which ‘celebrate those with
distinction in their respective fields.’ Other honourees included Marin Alsop,
Jessie Little Doe Baird, Cornelia Bargmann, Irwin Jacobs, John Kerry, John R.
Lewis, and Stevie Wonder.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></p><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Speaking at a separate event, on the subject of ‘Moving the
Centre: Language, Culture and Globalization’, Ngũgi wa Thiong’o said:</span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">My
argument has always been that we have to accept the reality of many languages
in Africa...And when I talk about Africa, I am actually talking about more than
Africa because the question of the relationship between marginalised languages
and dominant languages is everywhere in the world. But I don't think we should
worry about the many languages, even here in America, because <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">what is important is for those languages to
talk to each other.</b> In the case of Africa, and in practical terms, this
means developing literatures and knowledge’s in these languages (and) at the
same time encouraging translations into the different languages. In other
words...I see translation as playing a very important role in enabling cultures
to dialogue with each other. In the case of Africa, for example, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">I envisage a story written, say, in
Tigrinya being translated into Kiswahili, into Igbo, Yoruba, Zulu and so on.</b>
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> Assorted views on Translation:</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">‘What is the purpose of one culture translating another? One
reason Slavic departments thrive during political crises would seem to be so
that we can better understand the cultures of the post-Soviet East. Another
reason, though, may be something more akin to the motives of the CIA in
translating <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Doctor Zhivago.</i>’ – ‘Of
Translation and Politics in Russian Literature’ (essay) by Ian Singleton<a href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> </span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">‘Translation is very important but what’s happening now is
that the novels being translated are very weak as the gov’t is choosing them.
Unfortunately, they choose weak novels because they give limited freedoms. I
hope that international print houses start to look for artists on their own,
without waiting for gov’ts to recommend writers.’- Sara Aljarwan Alkaabi, whose
books have been translated from Arabic, in an interview with the BBC at </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.sharjahbookfair.com"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Sharjah Book Fair</span></a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> </span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">‘The deprivation of African languages as carriers of
information, knowledge in the areas of the arts, science and technology, and
modernity, is one of the major causes of Africa’s underdevelopment. African
languages are still spoken by the majority. So to deprive those languages of
books, is really to deny the majority access to information.’ - Ngũgĩ wa
Thiong’o</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria", "serif";"> ‘Languages, as one
philosopher said, are the Houses of Being. And I wanted to journey to these
houses. I wanted to strut up their sidewalks. I wanted to knock on their doors
and peek in their windows. I wanted to see what they were hiding in their
basements … even if it meant a little bit of trouble.’ – From <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Pilgrim in the Palace of Words: A Journey
Through the 6,000 Languages of Earth</i> by Glenn Dixon</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria", "serif";">‘I have been to
Jerusalem, Greece, Turkey, Nepal, Cambodia, Thailand, Indonesia, the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>South Pacific, Machu Picchu, the Amazon
Basin, the Maya, the Haida and to a few other North American peoples. Even to
the Innuit. Well...in a book. But I feel like I have toured these countries. First,
after reading <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Pilgrim in the Palace of
Words: A Journey Through the 6,000 Languages of Earth</i> by Glenn Dixon, a
Calgary Journalist and Linguist, I feel like to ask for a one year leave, get
good cash and just travel to these countries and some more. That is what Glenn
has done to me. Secondly, Glenn has made my learning of language and
anthropology something I can read about and enjoy.’ - Kenyan writer/lawyer Salem
Lorot</span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">‘First,
let me put my presentation within the larger context of Heinemann's publishing
history. Heinemann has had a long history, one that goes back to 1890, of
giving world writers a voice. Besides publishing periodicals and journals,
Heinemann also published British authors such as John Galsworthy, Somerset Maugham,
and John Masefield in addition to publishing non-English European literature in
translation. Bjornson and Ibsen, Gerhart Hauptmann, George Brandes, Guy de
Maupassant, and Gabriele d'Annunzio were all given voice in places other than
their home countries and linguistic regions by the imprint. Alan Hill's title <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">In Pursuit of Publishing </i>charts Hill's
early formative years forged in the strict tradition of English nonconformist
radicalism. In recounting the experiences which became the driving force of his
vision in starting the series, he recalls: As I now discovered when I visited
Nigeria for the first time in 1959, British Publishers operating within West
Africa sold mainly textbooks and regarded the territory as a place where you
sold books rather than a source for new writers.’ - Becky Clarke, Literature
Consultant, Oxford, UK<a href="#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">International Translation Day</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">‘The
original is unfaithful to the translation.’</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> - Jorge Luis Borges</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">‘I just enjoy translating, it's like
opening one's mouth and hearing someone else's voice emerge.’</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">-
Iris Murdoch</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">International Translation Day is celebrated every year on 30th
September on the feast of St. Jerome (The Bible translator who is considered ‘the
patron saint of translators’). </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">In celebration of International Translation Day in 2015, PEN
International asked PEN members from around the world to translate <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">War's Curse</i>, a poem by Eritrean poet and
journalist Amanuel Asrat, ‘in order to demonstrate the significant role
translation can play in furthering freedom of expression by highlighting the
ongoing plight of journalists in Eritrea.’ PEN’s Girona Manifesto stated:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></p><blockquote>The
translation of texts, especially the great works of various cultures represents
a very important element in the necessary process of greater understanding and
respect among human beings.</blockquote><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> According to a </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://pen-international.org/news/wars-curse"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">statement on the PEN International website</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></p><blockquote><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Amanuel
Asrat, an award-winning Eritrean poet, critic, songwriter, and editor-in-chief
of the leading newspaper </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;">Zemen</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"> (meaning <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Times</i>), has been detained incommunicado for over 16 years.
Asrat was arrest</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">ed at his home on the morning of 23 September 2001 amid a
crackdown on state and private media. Other independent journalists, opposition
politicians and students were also arrested during the crackdown. It is
believed that Asrat and the other journalists have neither been charged nor
tried.</span></blockquote><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></p>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"><br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><a href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Warner Books.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>(c) 1981 McGraw-Hill, Inc. ISBN: 0-446-30800-5</span><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><a href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://fictionwritersreview.com/essay/of-translation-and-politics-in-russian-literature/"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">http://fictionwritersreview.com/essay/of-translation-and-politics-in-russian-literature/</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><a href="#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The African Writers Series--Celebrating
Forty Years of Publishing Distinction Research in African Literatures</i>
(Indiana University Press) - Volume 34, Number 2, Summer 2003, pp. 163-174. </span></p>
</div>
</div>
Alexander Nderituhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03967229184207192460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8867540652900306681.post-73397704820634512342022-01-04T23:52:00.000-08:002022-01-04T23:52:05.109-08:00‘Afropolitanism’ and Diasporic Literature<!--[if !mso]>
<style>
v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
.shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);}
</style>
<![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<o:DocumentProperties>
<o:Version>12.00</o:Version>
</o:DocumentProperties>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:WordDocument>
<w:View>Normal</w:View>
<w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom>
<w:TrackMoves>false</w:TrackMoves>
<w:TrackFormatting/>
<w:PunctuationKerning/>
<w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/>
<w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>
<w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent>
<w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>
<w:DoNotPromoteQF/>
<w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther>
<w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian>
<w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript>
<w:Compatibility>
<w:BreakWrappedTables/>
<w:SnapToGridInCell/>
<w:WrapTextWithPunct/>
<w:UseAsianBreakRules/>
<w:DontGrowAutofit/>
<w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/>
<w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp/>
<w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables/>
<w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/>
<w:Word11KerningPairs/>
<w:CachedColBalance/>
</w:Compatibility>
<m:mathPr>
<m:mathFont m:val="Cambria Math"/>
<m:brkBin m:val="before"/>
<m:brkBinSub m:val="--"/>
<m:smallFrac m:val="off"/>
<m:dispDef/>
<m:lMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:rMargin m:val="0"/>
<m:defJc m:val="centerGroup"/>
<m:wrapIndent m:val="1440"/>
<m:intLim m:val="subSup"/>
<m:naryLim m:val="undOvr"/>
</m:mathPr></w:WordDocument>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
<w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" DefUnhideWhenUsed="true"
DefSemiHidden="true" DefQFormat="false" DefPriority="99"
LatentStyleCount="267">
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Normal"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="heading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="9" QFormat="true" Name="heading 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="toc 9"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" QFormat="true" Name="caption"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="59" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"
UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
</w:LatentStyles>
</xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]>
<style>
/* Style Definitions */
table.MsoNormalTable
{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";
mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
mso-style-noshow:yes;
mso-style-priority:99;
mso-style-qformat:yes;
mso-style-parent:"";
mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
mso-para-margin:0cm;
mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
text-align:justify;
mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;
mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
</style>
<![endif]-->
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">‘They
(read: we) are Afropolitans – the newest generation of African emigrants,
coming soon or collected already at a law firm/chem lab/jazz lounge near you.
You’ll know us by our funny blend of London fashion, New York jargon, African
ethics, and academic successes.’ –
</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Taiye Selasi,<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://thelip.robertsharp.co.uk/?p=76"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Bye-Bye Babar</span></i></a></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">‘Look
at them leaving in droves, the children of the land, just look at them leaving
in droves. Those with nothing are crossing borders. Those with strength are
crossing borders. Those with ambitions are crossing borders. Those with hopes
are crossing borders. Those in pain are crossing borders. Moving, running,
emigrating, going, deserting, walking, quitting, flying, fleeing – to all over,
to countries near and far, to countries unheard of, to countries whose names
they cannot pronounce. They are leaving in droves.’</span></i><i> </i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">–<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From NoViolet Bulawayo’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">We Need New Names </i></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi05fpafBYK2HtldBrzmMyzx_s-ZUv21pUBIRkQUeWNygYhCH5kwPxxuzRJZ9wTpiJsddeYl0n51Gac0rwwCb6eWZyylw_ncamDLaSRFuu9r_mj8D4u4V1QWmlM3DD5X6grf4LOCiGSY_5K8TjYhbpReBaa43rd5JuWzv7NBKPELedGZ67H15cs02cINQ=s495" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="278" data-original-width="495" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi05fpafBYK2HtldBrzmMyzx_s-ZUv21pUBIRkQUeWNygYhCH5kwPxxuzRJZ9wTpiJsddeYl0n51Gac0rwwCb6eWZyylw_ncamDLaSRFuu9r_mj8D4u4V1QWmlM3DD5X6grf4LOCiGSY_5K8TjYhbpReBaa43rd5JuWzv7NBKPELedGZ67H15cs02cINQ=w400-h225" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Taiye
Selasi delivers a TED Talk titled ‘Don't Ask Where I'm From, Ask Where I'm a
Local’ in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: grey; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> (Photo: TED Global)</span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">An excerpt from Taiye Selasi’s seminal essay, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Bye-Bye Babar</i>, </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://thelip.robertsharp.co.uk/?p=76"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">published
by The LIP Magazine</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">
(3 Mar 2005), which popularized the term ‘Afropolitan’:</span></p><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><blockquote><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"> We are Afropolitans: not
citizens, but Africans of the world.</span>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"> It
isn’t hard to trace our genealogy. Starting in the 60’s, the young, gifted and
broke left Africa in pursuit of higher education and happiness abroad. A study
conducted in 1999 estimated that between 1960 and 1975 around 27,000 highly
skilled Africans left the Continent for the West. Between 1975 and 1984, the
number shot to 40,000 and then doubled again by 1987, representing about 30% of
Africa’s highly skilled manpower. Unsurprisingly, the most popular destinations
for these emigrants included Canada, Britain, and the United States; but Cold
War politics produced unlikely scholarship opportunities in Eastern Bloc
countries like Poland, as well.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"> Some
three decades later this scattered tribe of pharmacists, physicists, physicians
(and the odd polygamist) has set up camp around the globe. The caricatures are
familiar. The Nigerian physics professor with faux-Coogi sweater; the Kenyan
marathonist with long legs and rolled r’s; the heavyset Gambian braiding hair
in a house that smells of burnt Kanekalon. Even those unacquainted with
synthetic extensions can conjure an image of the African immigrant with only
the slightest of pop culture promptings: Eddie Murphy’s ‘Hello, Babar.’ But
somewhere between the 1988 release of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Coming
to America</i> and the 2001 crowning of a Nigerian Miss World, the general image
of young Africans in the West transmorphed from goofy to gorgeous. Leaving off
the painful question of cultural condescenscion in that beloved film, one
wonders what happened in the years between Prince Akeem and Queen Agbani?</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"> One
answer is: adolescence. The Africans that left Africa between 1960 and 1975 had
children, and most overseas. Some of us were bred on African shores then
shipped to the West for higher education; others born in much colder climates
and sent home for cultural re-indoctrination. Either way, we spent the 80’s
chasing after accolades, eating fufu at family parties, and listening to adults
argue politics. By the turn of the century (the recent one), we were matching
our parents in number of degrees, and/or achieving things our ‘people’ in the
grand sense only dreamed of. This new demographic – dispersed across Brixton,
Bethesda, Boston, Berlin – has come of age in the 21st century, redefining what
it means to be African. Where our parents sought safety in traditional
professions like doctoring, lawyering, banking, engineering, we are branching
into fields like media, politics, music, venture capital, design. Nor are we
shy about expressing our African influences (such as they are) in our work.
Artists such as Keziah Jones, Trace founder and editor Claude Gruzintsky,
architect David Adjaye, novelist Chimamanda Adichie – all exemplify what
Gruzintsky calls the ‘21st century African...</span></p></blockquote></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> - Minna Salami is a Nigerian-Finnish writer, speaker and
commentator on African feminism, society, culture and diaspora, among other
topical issues. Her stated abodes are London and Lagos (Nigeria) although she
has also lived or worked in Sweden, Spain and the United States. A prolific
speaker, she has given talks in South Africa, USA, Nigeria, Gabon, Morocco,
France, Sweden, Germany, Switzerland, Gambia, Austria, Belgium, the Netherlands
and </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://youtu.be/PiVB5niLrWg"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Britain</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">. She is a contributor to the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Guardian</i> Africa network and was named
one of ‘40 African Change-makers Under 40’ by <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Applause Africa </i>in 2014. Her other accolades include being the
Africa Diaspora Awards 2013 winner of the ‘Outstanding Achievement in Media’ and
the Women 4 Africa 2013 ‘Blogger of the Year’.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> In a post on her blog, ‘</span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.msafropolitan.com/"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Ms.
Afropolitan</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">’,
she gives her ‘32 views on Afropolitanism’ (7 October 2015). Below are the
first five:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"> 1.
Afropolitanism describes a part of my identity but also, and especially, it
describes my philosophical position about the world.</span></p><div style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;">
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"> 2.
Afropolitanism is a conceptual space in which African heritage realities are
both interrogated and understood with the tools and nuances of modern-day
globalisation.</span></p><div style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;">
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"> 3.
Afropolitanism is a ‘glocal’ – global and local – space.</span></p><div style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;">
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"> 4.
Afropolitanism is not a geographical space but rather a social, cultural,
political, philosophical, psychological, spiritual one.</span></p><div style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;">
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"> 5.
Furthermore, Afropolitanism is anachronistic. It encompasses existences,
experiences and expressions which are simultaneously historic, present and
futuristic.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> - Chika Unigwe, author of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">On Black Sisters’ Street,</i> </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://bookslive.co.za/blog/2012/02/07/chika-unigwe-examines-religious-violence-and-social-media-protests-in-nigeria/"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">speaking to Tom Devriendt of Africa is a
Country website</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Tom:</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"> ‘You live in
Belgium. You have made Belgium your home. How do you look at what is happening
in Nigeria at the moment?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p><div style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;">
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Chika:</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"> 'If home is
where the heart is, then Nigeria is more of a home to me than Belgium where I
have lived for over thirteen years. I’ve never been able to disengage from
Nigeria, not mentally at least. What’s happening in Nigeria at the moment is a
revolution of sorts, led by a generation that’s been let down, royally, by the
government, and who feel that they have nothing else to lose.'</span></p><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> - Nigerian-born Chris Abani is a novelist, poet, essayist,
screenwriter, academic and playwright. A professor at the Northwestern
University (USA), he teaches Creative Writing (Fiction and Poetry) and
Literature. The bio accompanying </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mofJiqcrzr8"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">one of his TED Talk videos</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> (posted on 13 Nov 2015 by Chicago
Humanities Festival) describes the well-known writer as ‘a true citizen of the
world.’ It goes on to say:</span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">The
self-identified ‘global Igbo’ is the son of an English mother and a Nigerian
father who wrote his first novel at age 16. Through his prolific and varied
writings – which include novels, novellas, plays, and poems – Abani has sought
to capture the specifics of his own experience while conveying the political
and emotional dramas that transcend and tie together disparate cultures.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Abani has also given TED Talks on ‘</span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nrbiIWD_CxI"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">The Stories of Africa</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">’ and ‘</span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nrbiIWD_CxI"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">On Humanity</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">’. At the former event he said:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">I’ve
been in the audience. I am a writer. And I’ve been watching people with slide
shows. And scientists. And bankers. And I’ve been feeling a bit like a gangster
rapper at a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">bar mitzvah</i>: ‘What have <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">I</i> got to say about all this?’ </span></p><div style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;">
</div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">…There
has been a lot of talk about narratives in Africa. And what’s become
increasingly clear to me is that <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">we’re
talking about news stories about Africa, we’re not really talking about African
narratives</b>, and it’s important to make a distinction…</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">In
Africa, the complicated questions we want to ask about ‘what all of this means’
have been asked - from the rock paintings of the San people through the Sunjata
Epics of Mali to modern contemporary literature. If you want to know about
Africa, read our literature. And not just <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Things
Fall Apart </i>’cause that would be like saying, ‘I’ve read <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Gone With the Wind</i> so I know everything
about America.’ </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> Before moving to the United States, Abani was twice jailed
by the Nigerian gov’t. Incidentally, he’s such a great speaker that one is
inclined to think that his writing must be as entertaining and enlightening. <br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgqi28NrwP7SXCGPs2-HvC1dK_fbQgQ5ZcXw1ln_vZKL3MDjtUhLR1st0ujJeGdlDhEwIrf9KycSPHwarYxyr-s_VkPwh8dbG-2dG3ffHeIMtuiR0VcvPcjs_mK34BWoDTJKDbYo12ddDS9HpbHM9qsD4fzct2E_qessuFSxz67bZ9J_kxzAyQm99Cm5A=s516" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="290" data-original-width="516" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgqi28NrwP7SXCGPs2-HvC1dK_fbQgQ5ZcXw1ln_vZKL3MDjtUhLR1st0ujJeGdlDhEwIrf9KycSPHwarYxyr-s_VkPwh8dbG-2dG3ffHeIMtuiR0VcvPcjs_mK34BWoDTJKDbYo12ddDS9HpbHM9qsD4fzct2E_qessuFSxz67bZ9J_kxzAyQm99Cm5A=w400-h225" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">GLOBAL
IGBO: Chris Abani giving a talk at the Chicago Humanities Festival (USA)</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <br /></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">- Ellah Wakatama Allfrey, originally from Zimbabwe, began
her enviable literary career in England, as an editorial assistant at Penguin
Press, where she worked on history and modern classics titles.<span style="color: grey;"> </span>She would later become Senior Editor at Jonathan
Cape (Random House) and Deputy Editor of the influential literary journal, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Granta</i>.<span style="color: grey;"> </span>She
has been on the judging panel of both the David Cohen Prize for Literature and
the Caine Prize for African Writing, and chaired the judge’s panel of the </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://milesmorlandfoundation.com/"><span style="color: #0000cc; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Miles Morland Writing
Scholarships</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: grey; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">. <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">A Fellow of the Royal Society of the Arts, Ellah has been
awarded an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE), for services to
the publishing industry, by British royalty. Her motivation, in her own words:<span style="color: grey;"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">My
driving passion is the fact that I love books, I love writers and more than
anything, I love reading and want to bring writers and their work to as many
people as possible. It really is as simple as that. I don’t think one could
survive long in what is quite a tough industry without that as the base point.
I think the kinds of writers and books I have been interest in (African writers
in particular), means that I was not always working along with the mainstream.
At times that was a battle, but in the end I am pretty sure it was that
interest, and the work I did (with help from a lot of incredibly supportive
colleagues) that led to this award.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">- In 2017, Vanessa King’ori was named publishing director of
Britain’s<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> Vogue </i>publication. Vanessa,
who is of mixed Kenyan-Caribbean heritage, was previously publisher at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">GQ Style</i> and British <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">GQ</i> magazines, where she oversaw the
highest total annual revenue for the brand in the prior decade. She was the
youngest (and first female) publisher of British <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">GQ</i> and the first Black publisher in the magazine’s three decades of
existence. Prior to her career at Condé Nast (publishers of various prestigious
magazines), Vanessa worked at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Esquire</i>
and the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Evening Standard</i>’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ES Magazine</i>. In 2016, she was awarded an
MBE in the Queen of England’s Birthday Honours List. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> <br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh825JzTU5AccHDDHrNLfhmgsqYG2zXN57JpWWvGyjkgObWhZJGq41lU2SXgd1m4zNN025NYUmFj8akvFtmhqYN9KdYN5TYRoC1huYqj1E5pkuxkGHhghlQXpPQ40j8tueIRyGDMKfo8DBayHA4XGN5QtGc9zizyQDsHTkWxDBMQrz5DYY9LyF9vB2skg=s412" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="412" data-original-width="408" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh825JzTU5AccHDDHrNLfhmgsqYG2zXN57JpWWvGyjkgObWhZJGq41lU2SXgd1m4zNN025NYUmFj8akvFtmhqYN9KdYN5TYRoC1huYqj1E5pkuxkGHhghlQXpPQ40j8tueIRyGDMKfo8DBayHA4XGN5QtGc9zizyQDsHTkWxDBMQrz5DYY9LyF9vB2skg=w396-h400" width="396" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">‘QUEENING’:
Vanessa King’ori, on the day she received her MBE </span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #7f7f7f; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">(Photo:
gettyimages.co.uk)</span></p><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #7f7f7f; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">- </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://safia-mafia.com/bio"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Safia
Elhillo</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">
(Arabic: </span><span lang="EN-GB">صافية</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB">الحلو</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;">)
is a Sudanese-American poet and </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e2Qs485hkhA"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;">spoken word performer</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;">.
She won the 2015 Brunel University African Poetry Prize and the 2016 Sillerman
First Book Prize for African Poets, and was a Pushcart Prize nominee (2016).
She is the author of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The January Children</i>
(University of Nebraska Press, 2017). </span><br /><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Safia was born in Maryland
(USA) to Sudanese parents. She received a BA from NYU’s Gallatin School of
Individualized Study and an MFA in poetry at the New School. She has received
fellowships from Cave Canem, The Conversation, and Crescendo Literary and The
Poetry Foundation’s Poetry Incubator. Her work has been translated into Arabic,
Japanese, Greek, Portuguese, and Estonian. <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">- Maaza Mengiste is an Ethiopian-American writer. She was
born in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and lived in Nigeria and Kenya before settling
in the United States. She made her literary debut with the award-winning novel,
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Beneath the Lion’s Gaze</i>. <br /></span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.24pt; text-align: justify;"><span class="MsoHyperlink">-
From an article in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Daily Nebraskan </i>(USA),
titled ‘<a href="http://www.dailynebraskan.com/news/unl-african-digital-portal-will-give-students-access-to-african/article_15582fc4-0ba9-11e8-a45c-0bd8f10b1ed5.html">UNL
“African Digital Portal” Will</a> <span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><a href="http://www.dailynebraskan.com/news/unl-african-digital-portal-will-give-students-access-to-african/article_15582fc4-0ba9-11e8-a45c-0bd8f10b1ed5.html">Give
Students Access To African Poetry, Artifacts</a></span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">’ (7 Feb 2018), written by <span class="asset-byline">Mia Azizah:</span> <br /></span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.24pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></p><blockquote><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 6.24pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">University
of Nebraska-Lincoln students will soon be able to feel much closer to Africa
through an online portal to the world of African poetry.<span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span><br /></span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">English professor Kwame Dawes is developing an online database for
African poetry and artifacts. ‘The African Digital Portal’ will launch in 2019
and will feature artifacts, newspapers and manuscripts related to African
poetry, dating from the 19th century to the modern era…</span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"></span></p><a href="http://africanpoetrybf.unl.edu/" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">The African Poetry Book
Fund</span></a><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">
was founded by Dawes in 2016 in order to advocate for the development and
publication of poetry through collaboration with writers and scholars across
the country. The organization is sponsored by UNL's Department of English, Ford
Foundation and Prairie Schooner, a literary magazine published by UNL and
University of Nebraska Press.</span>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></p><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">‘The
APBF is committed to creating an open-access platform which will allow
scholars, poets and lovers of poetry to freely access the data that will be
available on the portal’ he said…</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <br /></span></blockquote>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">-
</span><a href="https://www.worldliteraturetoday.org/2016/september/world-alain-mabanckou-dominic-thomas"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Alain Mabanckou</span></a><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> is one of the living giants of African
lit. Born in Congo-Brazzaville, the French-language writer is currently a
Professor of Literature at the University of California Los Angeles, USA. A
novelist, journalist, essayist, poet, and academic, his best-known works
are<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Memoires
de porc-épic</i> (</span><a href="https://www.africabookclub.com/book-review-memoirs-of-a-porcupine-by-alain-mabanckou/"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Memoirs
of a Porcupine</span></i></a><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">)
which scooped the prestigious <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Prix
Renaudot</i> award and, more recently, <i>Demain J'aurai Vingt Ans<em><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> (Tomorrow I’ll Be Twenty)</span></em></i>.
His first novel, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Bleu-Blanc-Rouge,</i>
won the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Grand Prix Littéraire d'Afrique
Noire </i>in 1999. His other works include <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Lumières
de Pointe-Noire, Petit Piment, Quand le coq annoncera l'aube d'un autre jour,
Tant que les arbres s'enracineront dans la terre, Lettre à Jimmy (James
Baldwin) </i>and<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> L'Europe vue d'Afrique.</i>
</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg-5vo_yScn9F6WzXLOPIsR0BV-TrfvhLZdzqKWQsmzRCabtpJx5LyQMi7XX4qYJ__yGgPCQAkXSMzvWb2n7Nws7Z-TI7d7lJqy8vr8s16tmwXHhOSF7LvyXCM6On_VZChV8RHA_hoGRu6mI9ekyfmoww5Jal0tfCBgEzgKuoBCVGIRLlchXlfi5PodTA=s280" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="280" data-original-width="211" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg-5vo_yScn9F6WzXLOPIsR0BV-TrfvhLZdzqKWQsmzRCabtpJx5LyQMi7XX4qYJ__yGgPCQAkXSMzvWb2n7Nws7Z-TI7d7lJqy8vr8s16tmwXHhOSF7LvyXCM6On_VZChV8RHA_hoGRu6mI9ekyfmoww5Jal0tfCBgEzgKuoBCVGIRLlchXlfi5PodTA=w301-h400" width="301" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Congolese
writer Alain Mabanckou </span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: grey; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt;">(Photo:
worldbookshelf.englishpen.org</span></p></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Apart
from being described by some Parisians as ‘the Samuel Beckett of Africa’, Mabanckou
has earned many disctinctions, awards and nominations over the decades. These
include the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Prix de la Société des Poètes
Français, Prix des Cinq Continents de la Francophonie, Prix Créateurs Sans
Frontières, Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur par décret du Président de la
République française, Académie Française</i> prize, Man Booker International
Prize (2015 finalist), Puterbaugh Fellow (2016) and 2017 Man Booker
International Prize selection for the novel <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Black
Moses</i> (French title: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Petit Piment).</i></span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> </span></i></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Before
taking up professorship at UCLA, Mabanckou taught Francophone Literature at the
University of Michigan as an Assistant Professor. In 2016, he was appointed
Visiting Professor at the Collège de France. <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #7f7f7f; font-family: "Cambria","serif";">- </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Born in Hargeisa (now in the Republic of Somaliland), </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://literature.britishcouncil.org/writer/nadifa-mohamed"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Nadifa Mohamed</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> is an internationally known
British-Somali novelist.<span style="color: #7f7f7f;"> </span>She moved to
England as a child and ended up living there permanently when a civil war broke
out in Somalia and raged for many years (ultimately leading to the splintering
of Somalia into different republics). </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/profile/nadifa-mohamed"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Nadifa gained critical acclaim</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #7f7f7f; font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <span style="color: black;">for her first novel, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Black Mamba Boy</i> (2010), which was based
on her father's memories. The book was
longlisted for the Orange Prize for Fiction and the Dylan Thomas Prize and
shortlisted for the John Llewellyn-Rhys Memorial Prize and the Guardian First
Book Award. It received the Betty Trask Prize from the Society of Authors in 2010.
Another of her books, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Orchard of Lost
Souls</i>, scooped the Somerset Maugham Prize. </span><br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">- Ladan Osman (Somali: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Laadan
Cismaan</i>)<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria;">is a
Somali-American poet and educator. Her poetry is revolves around her Somali and
Muslim heritage</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">.
More bio from </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/ladan-osman"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">PoetryFoundation.org</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">: <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></p><blockquote>Ladan
Osman was born in Somalia. She earned a BA at Otterbein College and an MFA at
the University of Texas at Austin’s Michener Center for Writers. Her chapbook, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ordinary Heaven</i>, appears in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Seven New Generation African Poets</i>
(Slapering Hol Press, 2014). Her full-length collection <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Kitchen-Dweller’s Testimony</i> (University of Nebraska Press,
2015) won the Sillerman First Book Prize. Her work has appeared in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Apogee, The Normal School, Prairie Schooner,
Transition Magazine</i>, and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Waxwing</i>. </blockquote><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Ladan has received fellowships from the Fine Arts Work Center, Cave Canem, and the
Michener Center. She is a contributing editor at <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Offing</i> and lives in Chicago.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">- In an interview with BBC World Book Club – held in SA in
April 2016 - exiled Somali writer Nurrudin Farah (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">From a Crooked Rib</i>) spoke thus: <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></p><blockquote>Once
you are born Somali, you remain Somali forever. It’s just one of those things…I
have, actually, the pride and pleasure to say that I have four passports, and
therefore four nationalities, and I could claim any of them any time, any day…I
see myself as a Somali and the reason is that I have fought very hard to stay
Somali. </blockquote><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB">- </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">At the age of only 23, </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.tomiadeyemi.com/"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Tomi
Adeyemi</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">
became an Internet sensation in African literary circles when it was announced
that her debut novel <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Children of Blood
and Bone </i>(the first installment in a YA West African fantasy series) was
headed for the big screen in true Hollywood fashion. Some punters even
described her as ‘the next J.K.Rowling’. Her biography on the popoular book
review website </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/16642745.Tomi_Adeyemi"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">GoodReads</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">: <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></p><blockquote>Tomi
Adeyemi is a Nigerian-American writer and creative writing coach based in San
Diego, California. Her debut novel, CHILDREN OF BLOOD AND BONE, comes out March
6th, 2018 and the movie is currently in development at Fox with the producers
of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Twilight</i> and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Maze Runner</i> attached. After graduating Harvard University with
an honors degree in English literature, she received a fellowship that allowed
her to study West African mythology and culture in Salvador, Brazil. When she’s
not working on her novels or watching <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Scandal</i>,
she can be found blogging and teaching creative writing to her 3,500
subscribers at tomiadeyemi.com. Her website has been named one of the 101 best
websites for writers by Writer’s Digest.</blockquote><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">- From April 26th to April 28th 2018, Berlin played host to
an African literature festival dubbed <i>Writing in Migration. </i><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">The event, a first of its kind, was curated
by Nigerian-German writer </span></span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.interkontinental.org/wim/authors-at-wim18/olumide-popoola/"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Olumide
Popoola</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"> and included no less than 37 different writers and
artists from various African countries and backgrounds. Olumide Popoola (<i>When
We Speak of Nothing,</i> Cassava Republic Press) has a PhD in Creative Writing
and in addition to lecturing on the subject has published essays, poetry and fiction.
Other </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.interkontinental.org/wim/authors-at-wim18/"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">writers at the
event</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"> included Chris Abani (Nigeria), Jennifer Nansubuga
Makumbi (Uganda), Musa Okwonga (UK/Uganda), Zukiswa Wanner (SA), Yvonne Owuor
(Kenya), Helon Habila (Nigeria), Mukoma wa Ngũgi (Kenya), Bernadino Evaristo
(UK/Nigeria), Niq Mhlongo (SA), Abdilatif Abdalla (Kenya), Chinelo Okparanta (Nigeria),
Elnathan John (Nigeria), </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Ay</span><span lang="EN-GB">ọ</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">̀bámi
Adébáy</span><span lang="EN-GB">ọ</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">̀ (<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">Nigeria) and
Minna Salami (Finland/Nigeria). </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"> According to </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.interkontinental.org/wp-includes/wlwmanifest.xml"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">a statement on
the organizers’ website</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">: <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"></span></p><blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">In April 2018, InterKontinental presents for the
first time a literary festival with and by African writers in Berlin. Curated
by the German-Nigerian author Olumide Popoola the festival looks at
transnationalism and migration in a more literary sense of ‘keeping in motion’. <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">For three days and with the help of fiction,
poetry, lectures and panel discussions African reality of life will be focused
on. How do writers from Africa or the diaspora negotiate the changes that come
with displacement, forced or chosen? How do writers approach the constant flux
of place, and identity? Are they still bound by tradition or being truthful to
notions of an ‘African Identity’? <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Writing in Migration</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">
brings authors from three continents to Berlin whose books are literary visions
and trendsetters all over the world. Together with curator Olumide Popoola they
encourage their audience: Read Outside The Box.</span></p></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">The event was the brainchild of a
German agency known as </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.interkontinental.org/"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">InterKontinental</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">. The agency’s
clients include Clementine Burnley (UK/Cameroon), Jude Dibia (Nigeria),
Mouhamadou Falilou Dioum (Senegal), Linda Gabriel (Zimbabwe), Elnathan John (Nigeria)
and Musa Okwonga (Uganda).</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"> </span></p>
Alexander Nderituhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03967229184207192460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8867540652900306681.post-70752946786664058022022-01-02T23:11:00.000-08:002022-01-02T23:11:28.646-08:00ATHENA NETWORK LAUNCHES STRATEGIC PLAN<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">On Dec 29<sup>th</sup>,
2021, ATHENA Network launched a Strategic Plan launch at the Sarova PanAfric
Hotel in Nairobi City, Kenya.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ms.
Rejoice Namale, ATHENA Network’s #WhatWomenWant focal lead, hosted the NGO’s
event in Nairobi, Kenya. “With ATHENA's 2021-2024 strategic plan, we hope to
respond to #WhatGirlsWant through sustainable collaborations that create a
safer world for us all,” said the youthful Malawian with “a passion for women
and youth empowerment.” In what Rejoice described as a “hybrid” event, some
attendees were physically present at the launch venue while others participated
live via Zoom, from different parts of the world. </span></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjtKKyn3iAW1DP9iDMR0I-pLzgdJV1SH0IQEgNyQRE7zHrceepBEKBf7MAP2jddMqh31IkRv63wwpuPB_i7sozxsYKd3Y4ZNvqWR_UaUaS8v8XI0TvyAflGqHsgOveN55H1pjuPx2T6Q0KbJNPDxA7FWcN_8TlkHV3ZnM31SJ-UIRzHOEM6t9fBfXXxxg=s1280" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="853" data-original-width="1280" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjtKKyn3iAW1DP9iDMR0I-pLzgdJV1SH0IQEgNyQRE7zHrceepBEKBf7MAP2jddMqh31IkRv63wwpuPB_i7sozxsYKd3Y4ZNvqWR_UaUaS8v8XI0TvyAflGqHsgOveN55H1pjuPx2T6Q0KbJNPDxA7FWcN_8TlkHV3ZnM31SJ-UIRzHOEM6t9fBfXXxxg=w400-h266" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Rejoice Namale hosting the event</span></i></p></td></tr></tbody></table></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Among those joining via
the Internet was Ms. Teresia Otieno, the Acting Director of ATHENA, who spoke
live from Seattle, Washington, USA. She gave a brief ‘her-story’ of ATHENA and
introduced the contents of the Strategic Plan that would usher in “ATHENA
3.0”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She also spoke of her own personal
journey with the organization, which began after she met Tyler Crone, ATHENA’s Founding
Director, in Addis Ababa some years ago.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">An upbeat Ms. Tyler Crone
expressed hope and optimism despite the myriad challenges of the working
environment exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. “It has been such a privilege
to grow with and watch ATHENA grow from a time when there were few
organizations advocating for gender sensitive HIV responses,” she said, via
Zoom “ATHENA is doing amazing work and I stand as the biggest cheerleader. Excited
to see what comes next.”</span></p><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhXRWPHK4AfnXWYqZolLFsFddtC_nzRUeMOO4nJ4vI9_epCKWt0SxuDhUd37SHBF9Csjy4gkEU0KEh8xmH9pL-wUHBZ5wLgTTC7uR5sVcnZlaleOOiAN8h4vxKhqA7UERULRopyFV6XKJL4TFBTid8X-3PPAWKZ0RtyTTweasJpTS__iYltEIZJXgLqzw=s1280" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="854" data-original-width="1280" height="268" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhXRWPHK4AfnXWYqZolLFsFddtC_nzRUeMOO4nJ4vI9_epCKWt0SxuDhUd37SHBF9Csjy4gkEU0KEh8xmH9pL-wUHBZ5wLgTTC7uR5sVcnZlaleOOiAN8h4vxKhqA7UERULRopyFV6XKJL4TFBTid8X-3PPAWKZ0RtyTTweasJpTS__iYltEIZJXgLqzw=w400-h268" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Untamed Band performing at the ATHENA Strategic Plan
launch</span></i></span></td></tr></tbody></table></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Ms. Nyasha Sithole, the
Regional Lead for Young Women Advocacy at ATHENA, took the baton from Teresia,
digging deeper into the contents of the Strategic Plan document. She described
the Mission, Vision and Values of “ATHENA 3.0”. The said values included inclusion
and diversity, mentorship, dignity and agency, shared power, mutual
accountability, feminism, and knowledge exchange. “We will not be discouraged
by COVID-19,” she said at the event. “With this strategic plan we intend to
mentor more Adolescent Girls and Young Women (AGYW) and assist more AGYW-led organizations
secure seed funding.”</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Some of the NGO’s
sponsors also made some remarks via Zoom. These were Erin Williams (Global Fund
for Women), Suki Beavers (UNAIDS), Felicita Hikuam (The AIDS and Rights
Alliance for Southern Africa), Ann Gathumbi (American Jewish World Service),
and Rouze Eghtessadi (Southern Africa HIV & AIDS Information Dissemination
Service). </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The keynote speech was
made by Dr. Ruth Laibon-Masha, the Chief Executive Officer of Kenya’s National
AIDS Control Council. “ATHENA is now a global name because they used the space
they had to drive global conversation,” she said.</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"></p><div style="text-align: center;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj-ZfPSMTNIwtRB65aqzNaELiryDgML901rS1gyq9sE2nkQsZqktMgYkEzVvVmw0tCYKpWlqWBlc2_NbH4g2CU5-F_G8TM0mIbGyswR2a9fplQNSd_Tx3Z4PXGt5lEhrZnfLqpH16VX8Jq3jsuvO_4rHs6FefiZpQk8JkgwIXr-axKMliOkuo9VgLjYsw=s1599" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1066" data-original-width="1599" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj-ZfPSMTNIwtRB65aqzNaELiryDgML901rS1gyq9sE2nkQsZqktMgYkEzVvVmw0tCYKpWlqWBlc2_NbH4g2CU5-F_G8TM0mIbGyswR2a9fplQNSd_Tx3Z4PXGt5lEhrZnfLqpH16VX8Jq3jsuvO_4rHs6FefiZpQk8JkgwIXr-axKMliOkuo9VgLjYsw=w400-h266" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Some of the attendees at the ATHENA Strategic Plan
Launch </span></i></p></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">ATHENA
is a global network of individuals and organizations that have joined hands,
with a principled commitment to gender equality, gender equity, human rights,
sexual and reproductive health, and a HIV response accountable to women and
girls in their diversity. At a founding retreat in 2005, representatives from
eleven organizations devoted to HIV, key populations, gender equality, and sexual
and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) came together. In 2006, ATHENA was
formally launched. In partnership with the Blueprint Coalition of Canada and
networks of women living with HIV, ATHENA held the first Women’s Networking
Zone at an International AIDS Conference, in Toronto in 2006.</span></div><div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> ATHENA
is notable for its use of hashtags to co-ordinate messages online. Their main
hashtags are #WhatGirlsWant, #WhatWomenWant and #FeministFuturesHIV. Their
official website is </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.athenanetwork.org"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">www.athenanetwork.org</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">ATHENA’s current team is
based mainly across Eastern and Southern Africa. Nearly all the team members
are young African feminists who have lived with the impacts of HIV in their
communities and their families. “Partnerships over many years with UNAIDS culminating
with key investments in 2019 and 2020 made it possible for us to build a
network of young women leaders and their institutions to serve as country focal
points across Eastern and Southern Africa, starting at eight and now standing
at ten in Botswana, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, Tanzania, South Africa,
Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe,” says Tyler Crone, Founding Director of ATHENA.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">The
ATHENA Network was created to advance gender equity and human rights through
HIV response, working at the intersection of HIV, women’s rights, sexual and
reproductive health and rights, and gender-based violence. In 2000, at the
first International AIDS Conference in Durban, a small group of women’s rights
advocates found that there was no place for women living with HIV and women
researching HIV to meet. This led to organizing into “Women at Durban” in 2000,
“Women at Barcelona” in 2002, and “Women at Bangkok” in 2004. ATHENA grew from
these networking sessions. It focused on filling a critical gap in the HIV
response where attention to gender as well as women and girls in their
diversity was absent. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">During the launch, Dr.
Ruth Laibon-Masha revealed the “worrying statistics” that “over 85% of (HIV)
infected persons are below 35 years of age.” She also expressed concern about
the high levels of teenage pregnancies. “This World AIDS Day, let's focus on
teenage pregnancies,” she said. She added that it was only during the recent
COVID-19 lockdowns that most Kenyans realized how prevalent teen pregnancies
are.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjg0StBHEC0FpVOPhl4KPxenhal82nFKrdAoDys5vN-0-REYVQR7hhsrjENOHe15x5GMWMEa9HD0YNJAulro3Ut88p6_Fp6q3QWIisGaV7v1LeOD_TkDcsNu2pe5RPP6OzWH4cQ0jj1lbNON4uKHf7qXXEZV6dm-0fQDci43LwNUM19vgsLlZ3WQM1LTA=s1599" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1066" data-original-width="1599" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjg0StBHEC0FpVOPhl4KPxenhal82nFKrdAoDys5vN-0-REYVQR7hhsrjENOHe15x5GMWMEa9HD0YNJAulro3Ut88p6_Fp6q3QWIisGaV7v1LeOD_TkDcsNu2pe5RPP6OzWH4cQ0jj1lbNON4uKHf7qXXEZV6dm-0fQDci43LwNUM19vgsLlZ3WQM1LTA=w400-h266" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Some of the guests at the event </span></i></p></td></tr></tbody></table></span></p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;"></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">ATHENA Network’s
Strategic Plan, which covers 2021 through 2024, identifies some priority areas,
including investing in people and structures, building inclusive leadership,
and advancing feminist advocacy. The blueprint proposes multiple “approaches”
to achieve their goals, including building relationships, recognizing
intersectionality, creating and sharing spaces, strategic communication, and “shifting
from the personal to the political”. That last point is expounded to incorporate
“pushing for decision makers and funders to listen to, collaborate with, and
address the priorities, solutions, and needs of adolescent girls, young women,
and gender diverse persons.” </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">During the two-hour-long
launch event, ATHENA’s official Twitter handle (@NetworkAthena) tweeted: “As a
young women-led feminist, Africa-based organization, ATHENA has a strong voice
and our new strategic plan reflects this. Watch out, world. We are ambitious,
we have big plans and we are led by fierce young feminist leaders.”</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 186.75pt; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt;">More images from the event
(courtesy of Athena):</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 186.75pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh0gbbhh1UEI28gGmUz_xq-6vNCoS3fRt2p2flMMHj61Qij4SQcTFESTvMLWFL_V013f0QVhA3L_2RwApH7tbKnsd_iozmEtIGWdeW_d_LwM5z673RMGGDlED9CAmxIZVKo1xB38Uz4w3S58mJPYBNcBkQHSlO8CB3RcIUOwyDeaaAk_9VIX-cUmhJ4iw=s1280" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="854" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh0gbbhh1UEI28gGmUz_xq-6vNCoS3fRt2p2flMMHj61Qij4SQcTFESTvMLWFL_V013f0QVhA3L_2RwApH7tbKnsd_iozmEtIGWdeW_d_LwM5z673RMGGDlED9CAmxIZVKo1xB38Uz4w3S58mJPYBNcBkQHSlO8CB3RcIUOwyDeaaAk_9VIX-cUmhJ4iw=w268-h400" width="268" /></a></div><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;"><br /></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 186.75pt; text-align: center;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgY7IDA6s8OgdFQn9va5cq_E2UXJucc1-xazqgB2oXGLvwLF9zRN2o560NjZZhO5Shj34jJbSXWUXiO4BdxH-xRoNc8V5X4iQ6SLgihYcW-d8FhIc-GY2ZuKVZGP2dbthXV0BRH9INKUyWnsWe7o371nBSlyQ8vFhw_f3EQErKfK5VbHOvWtSm1duciBQ=s1280" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="854" data-original-width="1280" height="268" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgY7IDA6s8OgdFQn9va5cq_E2UXJucc1-xazqgB2oXGLvwLF9zRN2o560NjZZhO5Shj34jJbSXWUXiO4BdxH-xRoNc8V5X4iQ6SLgihYcW-d8FhIc-GY2ZuKVZGP2dbthXV0BRH9INKUyWnsWe7o371nBSlyQ8vFhw_f3EQErKfK5VbHOvWtSm1duciBQ=w400-h268" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhRgnUTd_BESR0wm18gqVnZYXz3al0JuyH2-DLMuO5c-pO5cCnKqd2aWfCfEf-sIcpRUzfOuFQf8j8TYsUYnxEz6eUmaCaq2i9Dg4pxKwz_A9CkPJdbnOcQu86mLHzOE6qjQYYQHAY6D0syWcove0Wz93wW7CTEiOKBcPTm1lkGzgfsf3DWGYPU15H1CQ=s1280" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="854" data-original-width="1280" height="268" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhRgnUTd_BESR0wm18gqVnZYXz3al0JuyH2-DLMuO5c-pO5cCnKqd2aWfCfEf-sIcpRUzfOuFQf8j8TYsUYnxEz6eUmaCaq2i9Dg4pxKwz_A9CkPJdbnOcQu86mLHzOE6qjQYYQHAY6D0syWcove0Wz93wW7CTEiOKBcPTm1lkGzgfsf3DWGYPU15H1CQ=w400-h268" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjtSM_gkPFnAos0u4zGOn8X6qS4U8iStjAJUd5LOglx6Y6JgpWApBwDhzYQ8nYIqvWTeNk2X-1Jv0N-zhXVAoCHa3I79hgqZAyEU5ADa0vsITWiCDfAwmFuhIQXNeG17bzndfUCeZcjKb5P5ompXCV47R_mj7ZY_uOZWYXHAwZvXAwRwaYB_xfui2YJNg=s1280" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="854" data-original-width="1280" height="268" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjtSM_gkPFnAos0u4zGOn8X6qS4U8iStjAJUd5LOglx6Y6JgpWApBwDhzYQ8nYIqvWTeNk2X-1Jv0N-zhXVAoCHa3I79hgqZAyEU5ADa0vsITWiCDfAwmFuhIQXNeG17bzndfUCeZcjKb5P5ompXCV47R_mj7ZY_uOZWYXHAwZvXAwRwaYB_xfui2YJNg=w400-h268" width="400" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;"><br /></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span><p></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 186.75pt; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; tab-stops: 186.75pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;"><br /></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></p>
<br /></div>Alexander Nderituhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03967229184207192460noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8867540652900306681.post-71870818631245932232021-12-28T02:13:00.001-08:002021-12-28T02:23:56.267-08:00A Pinch of Masala: Indian Literatures at a Glance<div style="text-align: justify;"></div><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">‘The
Publishing landscape, in terms of our awareness of bookstores in India, has
always been very fragmented, with publishers completely out of sync with
non-Metro/A-towns. This “Trade Shop” Census Study will be a critical first step
for us to rediscover our markets and work with them better in future. A
terrific job of data collection by Nielsen.’ </span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Thomas
Abraham, Managing Director Hachette India</span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">‘It
is no secret that my childhood was in Bombay...But
you fall in love with particular cities at a particular point in time. Mumbai
is not Bombay.
It just happens to be the same place.</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">’ - Salman Rushdie, 3-time
Booker Prize winner</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 14pt;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"></span></span></u></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiNgJE5Rm0UUXKn1fqms8novOY0AD1SQhXcsEtBipVmENoHTP6Z12pa_u3ehSIId52mwxnfW5_mx4s78z6h48yu8YpanRUe0VLJ81yEG9cM5aLy-a_2PtgPwK2Mx_VJCi-5YAbSx-hZpHO9ZRITWeut5nM2OVk5N62IucPYqcJk3nqoqZPXpuuvwnRE6Q=s475" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="299" data-original-width="475" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiNgJE5Rm0UUXKn1fqms8novOY0AD1SQhXcsEtBipVmENoHTP6Z12pa_u3ehSIId52mwxnfW5_mx4s78z6h48yu8YpanRUe0VLJ81yEG9cM5aLy-a_2PtgPwK2Mx_VJCi-5YAbSx-hZpHO9ZRITWeut5nM2OVk5N62IucPYqcJk3nqoqZPXpuuvwnRE6Q=s16000" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Indian
Booker Prize winner Arundhati Roy receiving the Norman Mailer Prize (USA)</span></b></p></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Let’s start with a general overview of
the Indian literary landscape from <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">India</i>,
a guidebook published by Lonely Planet<a href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a>:</span>
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11pt;"></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><blockquote><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11pt;">India has a long tradition of Sanskrit
literature, although works in the vernacular have contributed to a particularly
rich legacy. In fact, it is claimed there are as many literary traditions as
there are written languages. Bengalis are traditionally credited with producing
some of India’s most celebrated literature, a movement often referred to as the
Indian or Bengal Renaissance, which flourished from the 19<sup>th</sup> century
with works by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee. But the man who is to this day most
credited with propelling India’s culture greatness to the world stage is the
Bengali Rabindranath Tagore.</span></p><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11pt;">India boasts of an ever-growing list of
internationally acclaimed authors. Some particularly prominent authors include
Vikram Seth, best known for his award-winning epic novel <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">A Suitable Boy</i>, and Amitav Ghosh, who has won a number of
accolades; his <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sea of Poppies</i> was
shortlisted for the 2008 Man Booker Prize. Indeed, recent years have seen a
number of Indian authors win the prestigious Man Booker Prize, the most recent
being Aravind Adiga, who won in 2008 for his debut novel <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">White Tiger</i>. The prize went to Kiran Desai in 2006 for <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Inheritance of Loss</i>; Kiran Desai is
the daughter of the award-winning Indian novelist Anita Desai, who has thrice
been a Booker nominee. In 1997, Arundhati Roy won the Booker Prize for her
novel <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The God of Small Things<a href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[2]</span></b></span></span></span></a></i>,
while Salman Rushdie took this coveted award in 1981 for <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Midnight’s Children</i>.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></blockquote></div><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11pt;"></span>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Trinidad-born writer V.S. Naipul has
written widely about India and won many notable awards including the Booker
Prize (1971) and the Nobel Prize in Literature (2001).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> A peek into book trends in India from a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Hindu Times</i> article titled ‘</span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/a-column-by-radhika-santhanam-the-art-of-sealing-the-deal/article8691109.ece"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">The Art of Sealing the Deal</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">’, written by Radhika
Santhanam:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11pt;"></span></p><blockquote>India has also been seeing significant
changes, perhaps more than anything the West has seen, especially in the last
ten years, says Ananth Padmanabhan, CEO of HarperCollins India. The meteoric
rise of commercial fiction spurred by authors such as Chetan Bhagat, Amish
Tripathi, Nikita Singh, and Ravinder Singh has been taking place even as its
highbrow counterpart, the literary novel, has been hobbling along. This meant a
shift in the readership base too — the new readers seeking accessible
entertaining reads were 18-25 year olds, says Padmanabhan. He calls them the ‘reluctant
readers’. ‘Chain stores burgeoned, shrank because of economics, and are now
seeing an upside again,’ he explains. Flipkart, Amazon and Snapdeal made grand
entries into the market, e-books were made available, and Nielsen BookScan
began operations in India, helping publishers find out who and what is
trending.</blockquote><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Anita Desai, author of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Feasting
and Fasting</i>, has been Booker-shortlisted three times. She is the mother of
another prominent Indian scribe, Kiran Desai. The younger Desai was born in
India in 1977 and educated in India, England and the United States. Her first
novel, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Hullabaloo in the Guava Orchard,</i>
was published in 1998, in 22 countries, and won the Betty Trask Award.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She followed it up with <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Inheritance of Loss. </i>An excerpt from<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>the latter:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p><blockquote><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> </span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11pt;">This
Sai had learned (at Catholic school). This underneath, and on top of flat
creed: cake was better than ‘laddoos’, fork spoon knife better than hands,
sipping the blood of Christ and consuming a wafer of his body was more
civilized than garlanding a phallic symbol with marigolds. English was better
than Hindi</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">. </span></blockquote><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">The Inheritance of Loss</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> won the Man Booker Prize (2006)
and the National Book Critics Circle Fiction Award, and was shortlisted for the
Orange Broadband Prize (2007). The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Guardian</i>
said that it ‘continues the fine tradition of Booker Winners set in India, such
as <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The God of Small Things </i>and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Midnight’s Children</i>. It’s a great
winner.’ Gary Shteyngart, author of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
Russian Debutante’s Handbook</i>, said: ‘If God is in the details, Ms. Desai
has written a holy book. Page after page, from Harlem to the Himalayas, she
captures the terror and exhilaration of being alive in the world.’ In 2013, Kiran
Desai was awarded a Berlin Prize Fellowship at the American Academy in Germany.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <br /></span></b></p><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background: rgb(191, 191, 191) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"><td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; text-align: center; width: 487.8pt;" valign="top" width="650">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">NIELSEN
INDIA BOOK MARKET STUDY</span></b></td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 487.8pt;" valign="top" width="650">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> </span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11pt;">London/New
Delhi</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11pt;">.
Following the successful launch of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Nielsen
India Book Market Report in 2015</i>; Nielsen Book initiated a Census Study
of the ‘Trade Book Stores’ in India. The retail landscape of trade book shops
in India is cluttered and disorganised and therefore publishers are unaware
of large sectors of retail stores selling trade books, barring the few
branded national chain stores, regional stores and independent shops.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Nielsen Book has played a leading role
in the book industry for many years, providing consumer research, retail
sales analysis and search and discovery services for the book industry. Its
unique range of services enables business-critical information to flow
seamlessly through the book supply chain and it is well placed to undertake
research of this type – reports that help everyone in the book industry,
including those outside of India who want to play a part in the India Book
Market. <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Nielsen Book undertook this unique
study by reviewing all book shops throughout the length and breadth of the
country which covered 122 towns, in order to profile each and every shop
selling trade books. These included bookshops in railway and bus stations,
hospitals etc., all are included in the census, apart from the traditional
independent stores. <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">There are 2,910 book shops, of these
1,648 sell English-language books and Kolkata, Chennai and Mumbai are the top
three towns with the most book retail stores in the country. <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Source:
</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Nielsen<a href="#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a>
Press Release dated Thursday 28 July 2016<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">
</i></span></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> </span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> -<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><a href="http://www.jaipurliteraturefestival.org/"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">JaJaipur
Literature Festival</span></a><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> is
billed as ‘Asia’s largest lit festival’. It averages quarter of a million
attendees and is held in Jaipur which is also known as ‘the pink city’ and ‘the
jem capital of the world’. The city also hosts an ‘elephant festival’. In an
episode of BBC’s ‘Arts on Tour’, broadcast on 30 Jan 2017, best-selling Indian
author Vikram Chandra described the lit event thus: ‘It’s the largest
literature festival. It’s like an Indian wedding that runs for 5
days…Literature and books are just a starting point to the festival.’ </span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> </span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">An
accomplished writer in his home country, Vikram Chandra came into the global
spotlight after his voluminous novel, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sacred
Games</i>, became a Netflix drama series. The book was written over a 10-year
period. ‘The crime form is an amazingly cross-cultural form,’ Vikaram told the
BBC.</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> </span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Residents
of the Indian town of Motihari, where British novelist George Orwell was born
(in 1903), claim that their connection with the famous novelist places them ‘on
the literary map’. The colonial-era bungalow is now a museum. Incidentally,
Rudyard Kipling (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Jungle Book</i>) was
also born in India. The famed poet, author, journalist and youngest-ever Nobel
Prize for Literature laureate was born in Mumbai (Bombay) in 1865 and educated
in England. He returned to India in 1882. </span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> </span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">In
the run-up to UNESCO’s World Book Day (2017), an article on TimesOfIndia.com
brought my attention to <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Indian ‘book
café’s</b>. ‘If reading is your passion,’ the article said, ‘you need not
content yourself with your favourite corner, that good old library or the
terrace…You have the luxury of browsing through the black and white pages in
plush, antique and creative settings with delectable food and delightful drinks
pouring in. Get to know more about these amazing book cafes across India.’ The
spots listed were:</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> </span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Cha
Bar – Oxford Bookstore</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">
(Present in various cities) - Reading sessions, launches, book signings etc.</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Café
Wanderlust, Gurgoan</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> –
‘Travel café’ with travel books, magazines, trip advisors etc</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">The
Coffee Cup, Secunderabad</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">
– Bookstore, library, board games, food etc.</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Café
Story, Kolkata</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> – ‘The
USP for bookworms’ – Variety of books in addition to Italian and continental
vegetarian cuisines.</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Pagdandi,
Pune</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> – ‘Mom and
pop’-type place, wide range of books by mainstream and indie publishers, snacks
and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">chai </i>available.</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Literati,
Goa</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> – Cozy place, new
and used books, book events, food.</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Cafe
Illiterati, Mcleodganj, Dharmsala</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">
– Exotic spot with Mountain View, large book selection, coffee and baked
dishes.</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Café
Fiction, Gangtok</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> –
Bookstore, Bookman’s BnB, home-baked snacks, artisan and home-roasted coffees.</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Café
Bookworm, Lucknow</span></b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> – One
of the pioneering book cafes, some books can be read for free.</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10)</span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Books
N’ Brew, Chandigarh</b> – Large book selection, multi-cuisine food and
beverages.</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> </span></span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Juggernaut
Books (Juggernaut.in) is a book publisher, store and mobile app (Android/Apple
IOS).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Their stated objective is to:</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> </p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Get more
Indians to read books</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">To
encourage more Indians to write</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">To make
books less intimidating</span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> </span></p>
<p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">They
have created ‘a platform to find and read high quality affordable books and to
submit your writing’ and ‘aim to create a world-class Indian publishing company
that redifines reading and writing for the digital.’ The staff currenty
includes: Chiki Sarkar (Publisher), Durga Raghunath (CEO), Nandini Mehta
(Executive Editor), R. Sivapriya (Executive Editor), Jaishree Ram Moham
(Executive Editor) and Varun Naik (Software Engineer). </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> </span></p>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">
</span></b>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">ACADEMIA AND LITERARY
CRITICISM </span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> </span></b><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">‘I
am the center of the cyclone. And a tremendous feeling has arisen in me. Even
if you throw me into hell you cannot disturb my Paradise.’</span></i><i> </i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">– Bhagwan Shree Rajineesh,
controversial Indian guru</span></p>
<p align="center" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></p>
<p style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span style="color: grey; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 9pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj2DlptnowNq1rhje-cu_Bo7TM6X_mhXYtUYtq1-4Cqg6G_zAjRI8szV-EiO571gqnlhgOnKvycAiuLm7ogdAgKo8XBpkhj26wUmJ8dMZbFFWvD8L0CF32fpzOe1QaUcL2RYBWdZEu2V7Om1bEYhxA9KOCpHl716PnnnYtAW7yhynEE0E04LJL8EA_NmQ=s466" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="466" data-original-width="404" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj2DlptnowNq1rhje-cu_Bo7TM6X_mhXYtUYtq1-4Cqg6G_zAjRI8szV-EiO571gqnlhgOnKvycAiuLm7ogdAgKo8XBpkhj26wUmJ8dMZbFFWvD8L0CF32fpzOe1QaUcL2RYBWdZEu2V7Om1bEYhxA9KOCpHl716PnnnYtAW7yhynEE0E04LJL8EA_NmQ=s16000" /></a></td></tr><tr align="right"><td class="tr-caption"><span style="color: grey; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 9pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Image:
Columbia University</span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span></span><p></p><p style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Columbia
University and the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Bibliothèque Nationale
de France</i> have partnered in creating </span><a href="http://www.festivaldesecrivainsdumonde.fr/"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">a festival that acts as a ‘celebration of world literature’</span></a><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">. In its second year, the </span><a href="http://globalcenters.columbia.edu/paris/content/world-writers-festival-2014-writers-india"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">festival</span></a><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> focused on <b><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Writers of India.</span></b> It
featured Columbia's Akeel Bilgrami, Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak and Vishakha N.
Desai, Urvashi Butalia, Vikram Chandra, Amit Chaudhuri, Kiran Desai, Uday
Prakash, Salma, Sudeep Sen, Akhil Sharma, Geetanjali Shree, Indra Sinha,
Shumona Sinha, Sanjay Subrahmanyam and Jeet Thayil. It took place in
Paris, from 17th to 21st Sept. 2014. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">From the </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/place/India/Clothing#ref46447"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Encyclopædia Britannica (2018)</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">: </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11pt;"></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><blockquote><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11pt;"></span></p><blockquote><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11pt;">The corpus of Indian literature is vast,
especially in religion and philosophy. The roots of Indian literary tradition
are found in the Vedas, a collection of religious hymns probably dating from
the mid-2nd millennium BCE but not written down until many centuries later.
Many of the ancient texts still provide core elements of Hindu rituals and,
despite their great length, are memorized in their entirety by Brahman priests
and scholars.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Literature languished during much of the
period of British rule, but it experienced a<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>new awakening with the so-called
Hindu Renaissance, centred in Bengal and beginning in the mid-19th century.
Bankim Chandra Chatterjee established the novel, previously unknown in India,
as a literary genre. Chatterjee wrote in Bengali, and most of his literary
successors, including the popular Hindi novelist Prem Chand (pseudonym of
Dhanpat Rai Srivastava), also preferred to write in Indian languages; however,
many others, including Tagore, were no less comfortable writing in English. The
works of some Indian authors—such as the contemporary novelists Mulk Raj Anand,
Bharati Mukherjee, Anita Desai, Kamala Markandaya, and R.K. Narayan; the
essayist Nirad C. Chaudhuri; the poet and novelist Vikram Seth; Booker Prize
winners Salman Rushdie (1981), Arundhati Roy (1997), and Kiran Desai (2006); as
well as the novelist Vikram Chandra and the poets Meena Alexander and Kamala
Das—are exclusively or almost exclusively in English.</span></p></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11pt;"></span></p></blockquote></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> An excerpt from a brilliant paper titled <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Indianising Literary Criticism</i>, written by
Dr Amod Kumar Rai (Asst. Prof. Dept. of English, BPG College Kushinagar<span class="MsoFootnoteReference"> </span>)<a href="#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a>:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11pt;"></span></p><blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Literature
is a mimetic practice whose primary purpose is to produce an accurate
representation of its object and criticism is an endeavour to catch how
correctly that imitation is done. It may be conceived then easily what
literature is to life, criticism is to literature. Literature inspects life and
criticism inspects literature. Criticism, therefore, is a broader discipline
but indeed not the greater. Although criticism is different from theories, yet
it is not without theories. Criticism is practice as in practical criticism; it
seems intuitively to be more fundamental and authentic activity. Theory is
simply how you talk about, organise and reflect upon what you have been doing
as a critic; a kind of appended metalanguage which takes critical practice as
its object. The Indian <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">maníshis</i> of
the past have emphasised much on this legislative and dogmatic aspect of
Poetics or to be more precise Kavyashastra.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Like
the western Poetics, Kavyashastra too studies the various forms, techniques and
resources of literature and seeks to define its nature and function. Over the
centuries, Kavyashastra has passed through several detours and has extended its
range much wider than its western counterpart Poetics. From Bharata to
Panditraj Jagganath the Indian scholars have eyed from the most important to
the minutest particle of literary activity. Kavyashastra is concerned with
making and interpretation of literary texts. Being trained is such Kavyashastra
an ideal reader or a critic questions the text in hand. This questioning itself
is criticism. It never takes a writer or his work for certain. A critic’s
questions are basically regarding the content, dialogue, character, style,
culture, image, landscape, and message and of course about values, the literary
text tries to establish. Krishna Rayan insists much on these intrinsic elements
in the text that are relevant for interpretation and evaluation. The extrinsic
elements like the philosophical, socio-political and theological dimensions of
the text may render digressions in readers emotional response i.e. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">rasa siddĥí</i>. To say it more precisely
criticism, in Indian Kavyashastra, subjects everything to closest scrutiny.
Criticism doesn’t adjudge a work of art as simply good or bad but rather it
highlights where the excellencies or the positivities of the text rest, and
where it lacks literariness/<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">kavyaguna</i>
or exposes the inadequacies of the writer. To sum up criticism, as Leavis also
believes, is s step in the larger process of education which in turn is but a
step in the promotion of human living and culture. </span></p></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>According to their
website, </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/aboutus/about.jsp"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Saitya Akademin</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> (India’s National Academy of
Letters) is: <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11pt;"></span></p><blockquote>...the
central institution for literary dialogue, publication and promotion in the
country and the only institution that undertakes literary activities in 24
Indian languages, including English. Over the 64 years of its dynamic
existence, it has ceaselessly endeavored to promote good taste and healthy
reading habits, to keep alive the intimate dialogue among the various
linguistic and literary zones and groups through seminars, lectures, symposia,
discussions, readings and performances, to increase the pace of mutual
translations through workshops and individual assignments and to develop a
serious literary culture through the publications of journals, monographs,
individual creative works of every genre, anthologies, encyclopedias,
dictionaries, bibliographies, who's who of writers and histories of literature.
It has so for brought out over 6000 books, the present pace of publication
being one book every 19 hours. Every year the Akademi holds at least 50
seminars at regional, national and international levels along with the
workshops and literary gatherings-about 300 in number per year, under various
heads like Meet the Author, Samvad, Kavisandhi, Kathasandhi, Loka: The Many
Voices, People and Books, Through My Window, Mulakat, Asmita, Antaral,
Avishkar, Nari Chetna, Yuva Sahiti, Bal Sahiti, Purvottari and Literary Forum
meetings.</blockquote><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">The website is a rich resource of arts-related material. It
currently lists three Indian literary journals: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Indian Literature</i> (bi-monthly journal, English language), <span class="firstletter"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">S</i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">amskrita Pratibha</i> (half-yearly, Sanskrit
language) and <span class="firstletter"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">S</i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">amakaleen Bharatiya Sahitya</i> (bi-monthly,
Hindi language). Of the latter, the website notes:</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></p><blockquote><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Samkaleen Bhartiya
Sahitya</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11pt;">
is one of India’s premier literary journals in Hindi and is published six times
a year by Sahitya Akademi, India’s National Academy of Letters. Since its
inception in 1980, the journal has grown in stature and carries original
writings in Hindi and also translations from 23 recognized Indian languages.
The journal covers a wide range of genres such as fiction, poetry, plays,
essays, criticism, children’s writing, book reviews etc and caters to almost
all sections of reading public and scholars. The journal also carries special
issues pertaining to literature contained in specific languages, selections of
echoes from the past, modern and post-modern literature in Hindi.</span><a href="#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[5]</span></span></span></span></span></a></blockquote><a href="#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> </span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> Other journals include: </span></p>
<ul style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><li><span lang="EN-GB"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Ars Artium</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> is an Indian-based, peer-reviewed international
journal of Humanities and Social Sciences. Its spheres of interest include
English Language and Literature, Indian English Literature, American
Literature, African Literature, African-American Literature, Canadian
Literature, Australian Literature, Commonwealth Literature, Comparative
Literature, English Language Teaching, ICT in ELT, Linguistics, Translation
Studies, Media Studies, Cultural Studies, Cross-cultural Studies, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">inter alia</i>.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <br /></span></li></ul>
<ul style="margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4;"><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://ricjournal.com"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">RIC Journal</span></i></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> – ‘Red in Corner’. Hindi
and English literary magazine published every month from Jaipur and Paris.
Editors: Saudimini Deo & Philipper Charlier.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <br /></span></li></ul>
<ul style="margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4;"><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.sahityaanandonline.org/"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Sahitya
Anand</span></i></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">
is a highly esteemed monthly journal with an international outlook. An
inter-disciplinary international refereed research journal, it is geared
towards ‘the publication of contribution in all fields of Literature and
Language.’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB"> <br /></span></li></ul>
<ul style="margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4;"><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://northeastreview.wordpress.com/" title="NORTHEAST REVIEW"><i><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Northeast
Review</span></i><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> </span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">: ‘India’s northeastern
region is a complex melange of languages, cultures and literary
traditions. We are aware that a category like ‘northeastern literature’
does not exist. Neither do we want to create any new cognate category that
tries to collapse distinctions between different literary traditions.
However, we want the <i><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Northeast
Review</span></i> to be a common ground for thinking and talking
critically about literatures and cultural productions from this region.’</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #7f7f7f;"> <br /></span></li></ul>
<ul style="margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify;" type="disc"><li class="MsoNormal" style="color: #7f7f7f; margin-left: 36pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4;"><span color="windowtext" lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.iupindia.in/Commonwealth_Literature.asp"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">IUP
Journal of Commonwealth Literature</span></i></a></span><span color="windowtext" lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">: ‘A peer-reviewed
(both national and international) journal. It aims to provide a venue for
the best work in the expanding field of Commonwealth Literature and
thereby promote a dynamic and critical exchange of ideas among writers and
scholars, covering the writings in English from regions such as Canada,
Africa, India, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Australia, New Zealand, the Caribbean
and others.’ </span><span style="color: #595959;"> <br /></span></li></ul>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background: rgb(191, 191, 191) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; text-align: left;">
<tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 478.8pt;" valign="top" width="638">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">RABINDRANATH
TAGORE: Artist Extraordinaire</span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 478.8pt;" valign="top" width="638">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> Name: Rabindranath Tagore </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> Born: 7 May 1861, Calcutta, India <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Died: 7 August 1941, Calcutta, India <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Residence at the time of the award: India <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Prize motivation: ‘because of his profoundly sensitive, fresh
and beautiful verse, by which, with consummate skill, he has made his poetic
thought, expressed in his own English words, a part of the literature of the
West’ <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Field: poetry <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Language: Bengali and English <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;">Source:</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1913/tagore-facts.html"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">"Rabindranath Tagore - Facts".
Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB 2014. Web. 4 Jan 2018</span></a></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjLPk6n566iPWR87pXK1KDd1Et7OZMGD4dDNlVMMt7iumnNznAFEaTKFFirJM_0hqQRrlu5viQrGMNlctTOXX2_0hwxbvN0pTC4sA00FivRz7yWfMx0XaoCdk-EVeIhf3-axYq34KQsZE6_8gv5Bn4E3XtlP0GJ_8llLDpIKgtpIsr9pvGQCJUIRQnQDQ=s396" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="396" data-original-width="280" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjLPk6n566iPWR87pXK1KDd1Et7OZMGD4dDNlVMMt7iumnNznAFEaTKFFirJM_0hqQRrlu5viQrGMNlctTOXX2_0hwxbvN0pTC4sA00FivRz7yWfMx0XaoCdk-EVeIhf3-axYq34KQsZE6_8gv5Bn4E3XtlP0GJ_8llLDpIKgtpIsr9pvGQCJUIRQnQDQ=s320" width="226" /></a></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Rabindranath Tagore (native
name: </span><span class="nickname"><span lang="BN" style="font-family: "Vrinda","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Vrinda; mso-bidi-language: BN;">রবীন্দ্রনাথ</span></span><span class="nickname"><span lang="BN" style="mso-bidi-language: BN;"> </span></span><span class="nickname"><span lang="BN" style="font-family: "Vrinda","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Vrinda; mso-bidi-language: BN;">ঠাকুর</span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">) was a prolific, multidisciplinary
artist who, in 1913, became the first Asian to win the Nobel Prize for
Literature. Below is more information about this incredible man who
apparently excelled in every area of the arts: <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">‘...Gandhi, the political father of modern India, was his
devoted friend. Tagore was knighted by the ruling British Government in 1915,
but within a few years he resigned the honour as a protest against British
policies in India. <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Tagore had early success as a writer in his native Bengal.
With his translations of some of his poems he became rapidly known in the
West. <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Although Tagore wrote successfully in all literary genres,
he was first of all a poet. Among his fifty and odd volumes of poetry are <i>Manasi</i>
(1890) [The Ideal One], <i>Sonar Tari</i> (1894) [The Golden Boat], <i>Gitanjali</i>
(1910) [Song Offerings], <i>Gitimalya</i> (1914) [Wreath of Songs], and <i>Balaka</i>
(1916) [The Flight of Cranes]... Besides these, he wrote musical dramas,
dance dramas, essays of all types, travel diaries, and two autobiographies,
one in his middle years and the other shortly before his death in 1941.
Tagore also left numerous drawings and paintings, and songs for which he
wrote the music himself.’</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB"> <br /></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;">Source:
</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;">Nobel Lectures,
Literature 1901-1967, Editor Horst Frenz, Elsevier Publishing Company,
Amsterdam, 1969<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></i></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">‘Gitanjali
35’</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">(A poem by Rabindranath
Tagore)</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <br /></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Where
the mind is without fear and the head is held high;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></i></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Where
knowledge is free;</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Where
the world has not been broken up into fragments by narrow domestic walls;</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Where
words come out from the depth of truth;</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Where
tireless striving stretches its arms towards perfection;</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Where
the clear stream of reason has not lost its way into the dreary desert sand
of dead habit;</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Where
the mind is led forward by thee into ever-widening thought and action</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Into
that heaven of freedom, my Father, let my country awake. <br /></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;">Source</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;">: </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/45668/gitanjali-35"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">https://www.poetryfoundation.org/</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> </span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">From </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.indiannewslink.co.nz/call-for-papers-to-international-hindi-conference-in-fiji/"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">a call for papers to International Hindi
Conference in Fiji</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">
(at University of the South Pacific), published online by <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Indian Newslink</i>: <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11pt;"></span></p><blockquote><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11pt;"></span><blockquote><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Although
Hindi is not the National Language of India or Fiji (it is among Official
Languages of the two countries), it is widely understood and spoken mainly
influenced by Hindi films, Hindi television programmes and programmes featuring
Hindi film stars. In New Zealand, Hindi is the fourth most widely spoken
language (according to Statistics New Zealand) but it is not known how many
young New Zealanders can read and write Hindi. Organisations such as the ‘Hindi
Language and Culture Trust,’ ‘Teach Hindi New Zealand’ and ‘Wellington Hindi
School’ are actively encouraging New Zealanders to learn the language.</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> </span></b></blockquote><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></b></blockquote><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></b><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">India has 22 official languages and over 100 more local
languages. There are more people in India (a country) than in all of Africa (a
continent). </span></p>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><br clear="all" style="break-before: page; page-break-before: always;" />
</span></b>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">INTERNATIONAL APPEAL</span></b></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">‘India
pretty much splits people into two categories, you love it or you can’t stand
it. I’m in the former group.’ – </span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">From<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> Slow Waltz in
Cedar Bend </i>by Robert James Waller (novel)</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <br /></span></i></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">‘A
worthy leader has foresight and insight. He sees the writing on the wall, reads
the signs of the times and senses the trends and tendencies at work in his
surroundings.’</span></i><i> </i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">– George Kaitholil, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Make Leadership Your Target</i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <br /></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Like its cultural counterpart, the Bollywood film industry,
Indian literature has made inroads in most parts of the world. Indian authors
have claimed many international and highly competitive accolades and names such
as Salman Rushdie, Arundhati Roy and Vikram Seth<a href="#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a> are
instantly<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </b>recognisable in literary
circles around the globe. <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Once again, the </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://www.britannica.com/place/India/Clothing#ref46447"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Encyclopædia Britannica</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">: <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11pt;"></span></p><blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Few
areas of the world can claim an artistic heritage comparable to that developed
in India over the course of more than four millennia... <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11pt;">In
modern times, Bengali playwrights—especially Nobel Prize winner Rabindranath
Tagore, who was also a philosopher, poet, songwriter, choreographer, essayist,
and painter—have given new life to the Indian theatre. Playwrights from a
number of other regions also have gained popularity. <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11pt;">To
a great extent, however, Indian interest in theatre has been replaced by the
Indian motion-picture industry, which now ranks as the most popular form of
mass entertainment. In some years India—whose film industry is centred in
Mumbai (Bombay), thus earning the entire movie-making industry the sobriquet ‘Bollywood’
in honour of Hollywood, its U.S. counterpart—makes more feature-length films
than any other country in the world... <br /></span></p></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11pt;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></p><blockquote>Book
publishing is a thriving industry. Academic titles account for a large portion
of all works published, but there is also a considerable market for literature.
On the whole, the press functions with little government censorship, and
serious controls have been imposed only in matters of national security... </blockquote><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">From ‘India’s 50<sup>th</sup> Year IN-dependence’, an
article in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Marginalia<a href="#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[7]</span></b></span></span></span></a></i>
by Prakruthi N. Banwasi: <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11pt;"></span></p><blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11pt;">The
strong roots of the Indus Valley Civilization (which holds prominence for
reason of being the oldest known civilization on the earth) is what we have
(de)generated from. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>However diluted our elements may
have become, yet the blood of the Aryans and Dravidians has not changed colour.
Initially, we were subjected to being ruled by kings and bowed to their
commands, then came the attack of Chenghiz Khan, Alexander the Great, the
subjugation by Mughal Rulers and finally Imperialism had its way when the
Britishers surfaced here in the guise of tradesmen.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> <br /></span></p></blockquote>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background: rgb(191, 191, 191) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; text-align: left;">
<tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 487.8pt;" valign="top" width="650">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">EAST
MEETS WEST: ‘The Far Pavilions’</span></b></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 487.8pt;" valign="top" width="650">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> </span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> <br /></span></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhKmPr3nQMVtGGTO6iTbWgliTypCwui3f3TxlUKAkxgFcce6X5zHhARNz__BvhiCw1nSYCUwSX5SlNiLaRzt0k_ViwrIc1WmKEjcDF7yi5I9DMZptRUx6gnCErXLD9Vclk6s2x8HkEdynuQbZH6EfOpsWETd_80oP0Og3JcvXJUcgFw_L6hAESVyJ9Euw=s430" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="343" data-original-width="430" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhKmPr3nQMVtGGTO6iTbWgliTypCwui3f3TxlUKAkxgFcce6X5zHhARNz__BvhiCw1nSYCUwSX5SlNiLaRzt0k_ViwrIc1WmKEjcDF7yi5I9DMZptRUx6gnCErXLD9Vclk6s2x8HkEdynuQbZH6EfOpsWETd_80oP0Og3JcvXJUcgFw_L6hAESVyJ9Euw=s16000" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">RED
HOT ROMANCE: A scene from the stage adaptation of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Far Pavilions.</i></span></b></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #7f7f7f; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></span></span></i></span></b></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #7f7f7f; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></span></span></i></span></b></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i></span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #7f7f7f; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #7f7f7f; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10pt;"> </span></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #7f7f7f; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10pt;">(Image: Hadley Fraser)</span></span></span> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: #7f7f7f; font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 10pt;"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></b><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">The Far Pavilions</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> is a celebrated novel by M.M.
Kaye, hinged on Anglo-Indian relations during the British Colonial Era
(Despite sustained resistance to European rule, India was considered ‘the
jewel in crown’ of the British Empire). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
Far Pavilions </i>has been successfully adapted for screen and stage (as a West
End musical). </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> According to </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.acornonline.com/TV"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">AcornOnline.com/TV</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">, the screen adaptation is:
‘An epic tale of passion, treachery, and intrigue, set in colonial India,
based on the international bestseller by M.M. Kaye. Ben Cross (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Chariots of Fire</i>) is an Englishman
torn between two cultures, Amy Irving (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Crossing
Delancey</i>) the Indian princess he loves in a story rich in historical
detail and spectacular scenery: Himalayan peaks, the palaces of Bhithor, a
lavish Hindu wedding.’</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> </span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">‘Punjabi
Widows Make A Splash In Literary World With “Erotic Stories...”,’ said a
headline in the online version of Hindustan Times. </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/punjabi-widows-make-a-splash-in-literary-world-with-erotic-stories/story-T2W6GATsx6UnrikVA8UGOP.html"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">The article, written by Manraj Grewal
Sharma,</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">
went on to state: <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11pt;"></span></p><blockquote>It’s
a tale set in Southall, the mini-Punjab in London, written by a woman in
Singapore. And it’s making waves in literary circles across the world.
Published in March this year, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Erotic
Stories for Punjabi Widows</i> is flying off the book shelves in places as far
apart as Melbourne and London. A dark but heart-warming comedy, the novel
delves into the lives of Punjabi widows, who may have spent a lifetime being
dutiful in the shadows of their fathers, husbands and brothers, but whose white
‘dupattas’ hide their rich and colourful inner lives.<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11pt;"></span><br /><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11pt;"></span></blockquote><p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Balli
Kaur Jaswal, the 33-year-old author born in Singapore, is no stranger to
literary acclaim. In 2014, she was named the ‘Best Young Australian Novelist’
by Sydney Morning Herald for her debut novel <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Inheritance</i>. Her second novel <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Sugarbread</i>
was a finalist for Singapore’s 2015 Epigram Books Fiction Prize. <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">- UK literary agent David Godwin represents many top-tier
South Asian scribes, including Arundhati Roy (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The God of Small Things</i>), Vikram Seth (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">A Suitable Boy</i>), Aravind Adiga (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
White Tiger)</i>, Kiran Desai (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Emblems of
Transformation</i>) and Jeet Thayil (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Narcopolis</i>).He
previously worked for a publishing firm before he and his wife went into the
representation business which they have successfully plied for over twenty
years now. <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">- Lakshmi Holmström was a writer, literary critic and
award-winning translator of Tamil literature. She was one of the founding
trustees of SADAA (South Asian Diaspora Arts Archive) and translated the works
of writers such as Sundara Ramaswamy, Pudumaippittan, Ashokamitran, Bama and
Cheran. Her last books were <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Fish in a
Dwindling Lake</i>, a translation of short stories by Ambai (2012); <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">A Second Sunrise,</i> poems by Cheran,
translated and edited by Lakshmi Holmström & Sascha Ebeling (2012); <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Wild Girls, Wicked Words</i>, a translation
of poems by four Tamil women (2012). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">In a
Time of Burning</i>, a translation of another collection of poems by Cheran,
was published by Arc Publications in 2013 and won an English PEN award. Lakshmi’s
other accolades included the Crossword Book Award (2000) for her translation of
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Karukku</i> by Bama; the Crossword-Hutch
Award for her translation of Ambai’s short stories, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">In a Forest, a Deer </i>(2007, a tie); and the Iyal Award from the
Tamil Literary Garden, Canada (2008). </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"></span>
</p><p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> </span></b></p><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="background: rgb(191, 191, 191) none repeat scroll 0% 0%; border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"><td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; text-align: center; width: 487.8pt;" valign="top" width="650">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">THE
AFRICAN ASIAN WRITERS UNION</span></b></td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 487.8pt;" valign="top" width="650">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">‘Established in the late 60s under the
initiative of Jawaharlal Nehru of India and Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt, the
African Asian Writers Union aimed at grouping writers from both continents
fighting for freedom, equality, solidarity with political prisoners as well
as for the stop of violence in conflict-torn countries and for the defense of
ethics, values and justice. <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">Due to political reasons, the
activities of the Union had stopped for few years but was revived again in
December 2012 during a general conference in Cairo with participation of the
following countries: India, Rwanda, Cameroon, Djibouti, Kazakhztan, Namibia,
Nepal, Pakistan, Uganda, Zimbabwe, Russia, Tunisia, Sudan, Tajikistan, Iraq,
Algeria, Jordan, Morocco, Palestine, Libya and Yemen. <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";">The AAWU invites Writers Association in
the Philippines to become an active member of the Union. The Union promises
to open new horizons and provide interchange between countries from the two
continents, Asia and Africa. As per the clause of the Union’s Statute,
membership is only open to Unions/Federations/Associations i.e. writers can
only become members if they are affiliated to an entity, no individual
membership is accepted, it must be done through a Union...’ <br /></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: justify;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11pt;">Source:</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11pt;"> National<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA), Philippines: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></i></span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://ncca.gov.ph/announcements-2/call-for-membership-african-asian-writers-union-2/"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">http://ncca.gov.ph/announcements-2/call-for-membership-african-asian-writers-union-2/</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 11pt;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></i></p>
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Cambria","serif";"> </span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: left;"><br clear="all" />
<hr size="1" style="text-align: left;" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><a href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">©
Lonely Planet 2011. ISBN 9781 741 79 7800. </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">(14 Edition)</span><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><a href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">‘<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">A masterpiece, utterly exceptional in every
way.’ </i>– Harpers and Collins</span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><a href="#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> The Nielsen
Company, Nielsen Book, 3rd Floor, Midas House, 62 Goldsworth Road, Woking,
Surrey GU21 6LQ. </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.nielsen.com"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">www.nielsen.com</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><a href="#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Criterion: An International Journal in
English</i> ISSN-0976-8165</span><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn5" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><a href="#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn5;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[5]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/journals/samkaleen.jsp"><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">http://sahitya-akademi.gov.in/sahitya-akademi/journals/samkaleen.jsp</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn6" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><a href="#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn6;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[6]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">‘The
best writer of his generation.’ – <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
Times</i></span></p>
</div>
<div id="ftn7" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="margin-left: 0cm;"><a href="#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn7;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">[7]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span lang="EN-GB"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Garamond","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Banwasi
Publications (1997)</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"></span></p>
</div>
</div>
Alexander Nderituhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03967229184207192460noreply@blogger.com0